英汉思维表达模式差异

一、英汉语言思维表达模式的差异

语言是思维的外壳。口语则是利用语言表达思维，进行口头交际。学生通过读和听获得知识、信息和语言，经过思维在原有知识和语言的基础上对所获得的内容和语言加工和重组，赋予新的内容，然后输出，从而完成交际过程。英、汉民族分属东西两大不同文化体系，由于种种原因，形成了各自不同的思维方式、文化传统和审美意识，使得英、汉思维表达模式各不相同，若在英语口头交际中使用汉语思维表达模式，则往往难以避免“中国式”英语的出现。

1．英语思维表达模式

英、美人的思维模式为一般特殊型，通常是先概括后举例，先表态后解释，先结论后事实，先总结后分析，先判断后叙述，先整体后细节。例如：I’m very pleased with what they have done(先表达“很高兴”再指明原因)　It is necessary to tell　her the truth (先表态“必要”再说明什么必要) I don’t like the way Frank talks (先表明“我不喜欢这种方式”再说明“是哪种方式”)英文的段落和文章中同样也体现这一思维表达模式。例如：Cellphones have changed our behaviour and how we communicate. They are being used everywhere－sometimes where they shouldn’t. One headmaster says that phones are not allowed in the classroom.“If a phone starts ringing in the classroom，teachers and student are disturbed and cannot work.”The students obey the rules and agree not to use their phones in the classroom.“I don’t dare to use the phone in school，because they will take it away from me ，”says John Hill， a student in London. John got his phone for his birthday s， but his parents don’t let him use it in school s. some parents worry that their children will spend too much time and money on phone calls.这一段第一句指出手机已经改变了我们的举止和通讯方式，然后通过举例来进一步说明这一观点。

2．汉语思维表达模式

中国人表达事物总是按照时间和事理发展顺序由先到后，由因到果，由具体到一般，由事例到概括，由叙述到总结，属于特殊一般型思维模式，与英、美人恰好相反。如：收到你的邀请，特向你表示感谢（先表示原因，再表示结果）；黄河全长5000多公里，流经九个省区，流域面积达75万平方公里，是中华民族的摇篮（先叙述，再总结）。

3．句式的扩展

英美人的这种一般特殊思维模式造成英语句式皆以S＋V（主语＋谓语）结构为核心架构，主语统领全句，谓语陈述主语怎样，如何，是什么，而且为便于总结、概括，提纲挈领谓语只有一个（并列句除外），然后再通过关系代词、关系副词、非谓语动词、介词等展开叙述与说明。结论、总结只有一个，而事实、分析则可有多个，因此英语是句尾开放，句首封闭。汉语的思维表达模式是说明、叙述、举例在前，概括、总结、总述在后，与英语刚好相反。因此汉语是句首开放，句尾封闭，现举例说明。

好

真好

做的真好

你做的真好

这事儿你做的真好

没想到这事儿你做的真好

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我真没想到这事儿你做的真好

句首封闭并非指句首或被修饰词（中心词）首不能扩展，而是指其扩展性很有限。如：

That is a dog .

That is a small dog.

That is a small， white dog.

As you know， that is a small， white dog.

句尾开放则指其句尾的扩展性很强。如：

That is the dog.

That is the dog which picked the bird.

That is the dog which picked the bird which was shot by the man.

That is the dog which picked the bird which was shot by the man

who owns a big house.

That is the dog which picked the bird which was shot by the man who owns a big house which is near my school.