工作中，有时需要解释的一些事物之间的关系抽象而复杂，仅用文字说明还不能使听众明白，这就需要附上示意图，或按比例精确绘制出图表，如产品销量图、发展趋势图等，并通过对其进行口头描述或书面阐述使对方能够充分理解图表内容。图表描述应内容完整、充实，能就主题进行充分发挥，说明其反映的问题或自己对此所持的观点;逻辑性强，条理清晰，表达流畅;语言丰富，使用准确，兼具说明文和议论文的特点。
图表描述主要包括以下三部分内容:
(1)总体描述:了解图表的类型，说明图表表达的主要意思。
(2)具体描述:描述图表提供的详细信息，把握关键信息，说明问题;主体要表述数值变化和所占份额。
(3)透过表象看内涵:通过显著的指标或明显的比较阐述你对图表的理解、判断及解释，也可以提出探讨性的建议。
以下是图表描述常用句型和表达:
The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...
This is a graph which illustrates...
This is a cure graph which describes the trend of...
As can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in...
The graph，presented in a pie chart，shows the general trend in...
As can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of...
Both share prices rose sharply in January.
Aconsiderable increase/decrease occurred from...to...
The graphs show a threefold increase in the number of...
The situation reached a peak（a high point at）of（...%）
The figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
Erom this year on，there was a gradual decline reduction in the...，reaching a figure of...
Therefore we can conclude that，...
The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that...
Sample 1
Sales Records of Two Software Companies(www.xing528.com)
This is a bar chart which illustrates the sales records of two software companies.The statistics show us clearly that the sales changes of these two companies over the period from 2001 to 2004.
As can be seen，the sales of company B decreased year by year from about＄70 in the year 2001 to merely＄20 in 2004，while that of company A increased steadily and sharply，from only＄50 at the beginning up to＄180 in a time span of 4 years.Besides，it’s worthy mentioning that as time went on，the sales of company A went up faster and faster.It increased by＄20，＄50，＄60 respectively.Meanwhile，the sales of company B dropped by＄20 each year from 2001 to 2003，and by＄10 in 2004.
Maybe these two trends are connected in two ways.Eirstly，a successful business strategy.A good strategy can help the company to do its business efficiently and effectively.Otherwise，it will make the company lose money.Secondly，the good quality of the services and the products.If you want to win your customers back，serve them the best.Because everyone likes to be treated like God.
Based on all the analysis of the above，we can come to the conclusion that the perfect strategy and high quality of the goods and services are the keys to operate your business well，so what are you waiting for？Do it now.
本文条理清楚，构思缜密，逻辑性强:第一段总体描述图表大意;第二段具体描述，既有对两个公司销量趋势的总体概括(一个逐年上升，一个逐年下降)，又有对每个公司销量走势的详细描述，图表横轴和纵轴的关键信息和数量都有提及。并注意到了A公司的上升跨度逐年增大，B公司的下降前三年匀速，后一年稍有减小，并给出了具体数字。这一视角的选择，不但丰富了描述内容，更展现了描述者总体与具体、分项与对比描述的全面视角和思考能力。第三段分析图表，虽是个人观点但合情合理;第四段总结全文，发人深思。一个问句使文章的深度得到了升华，如果是我们主管一个公司的销售，该怎么办?
除了内容和结构，本文的语言也值得广大学生学习。词语的选择丰富多样，如increase&go up，decrease&drop，over the period from 2001 to 2004&in a time span of 4 years等，很好地避免了重复与枯燥。句子亦是长短错落有致，既有经典易懂的简单句，又有主从句、分词等搭配使用的长复句;既有陈述句又有疑问句，耐人寻味，引人入胜。
Sample 2
These three pie charts reflect the percentage of male and female staffs in a company in the years of 1980，1990 and 2000.Generally speaking，with time went by，more and more female employees were hired，while the percentage of male staffs slightly declined during the three decades.
Let’s look at the charts in details.In 1980，the numbers of male and female employees take up 64.7%and 35.3%respectively.Spanning 10 years，male employees still enjoy a larger proportion（52%）than females（48%），although the advantage got smaller.However，with 54%female staffs and 46%male staffs in 2000，the percentage of female staffs overtook that of males.Obviously，the proportion of female staffs keeps rising，but the growing rate is not steady，from roughly 13%in the first decade going down to 6%in the second one.
There is a combination of factors that lead to this situation.With more patience and care，the natural character of women might be one factor considered by the personnel department when employing staffs.Maybe this is related with the nature of the company.Eor instance，firms about clothing or service industry prefer to have more females.Besides，with the development of society during the two decades，the awareness of gender equality roots deeper and deeper in people’s mind.Women enjoy more and more chances in job hunting.In a word，female staffs play an increasingly greater role for the development of the company under survey.However，the ratio of male and female employees needs to keep a sort of balance.Generally，too many males or females are not good for a company in the long run.How will the percentage of two genders go？Can you predict？
该文遵循了总体描述—具体描述—发现问题—分析原因的图表描述章法，条理清晰，逻辑性强。在说明图表的类型和呈现的主要趋势后详细描述了图表的细节信息。值得注意的是，在描述了20年间三个时间节点男女职员各自所占比例的变化情况后，作者还增加了对二者自身增/减幅变化的描述。观察细致，描述周全，这是本文的一大亮点。这家公司女职员的比例持续上升，但并非一直保持10%以上较大的增幅，这是很多人会忽略的信息点。
在分析原因时，作者紧紧围绕细节描写的两部分内容，分别论述了致使女职员比例持续上升和两个时间跨度其增幅逐渐减小的可能因素，推理严谨，逻辑性强。而后，作者对男女比例要保持一定的平衡之辩证的表述是本文的另一妙笔。图表按时间顺序排列，文末作者带着读者继续走下去，以引导大家对该公司未来男女比例的发展态势预测收尾，行文流畅，新颖别致。此外，文种语言标准地道，用词造句丰富多样，不失为一篇好的篇章。
Sample 3
How do the Senior Three Students Choose Universities and Majors
This is pie chart with shows the result of a survey conducted among the senior three students concerning about how to choose their universities and majors.
According to the diagram，there are mainly three factors that influence their choice of universities and majors.35%of the students believe the choice should be made according to their own interest.More students（around 45%），however，insist that main consideration should be given to the needs of the society.Interestingly，there are about 20%students who find it too difficult to make a choice and would rather depend on their parents or teachers to decide.Personally，I would like to choose my courses and university according to my own interest.The reasons can be listed as follows.
To begin with，it is widely acknowledged that interest is the best teacher.With the help of this best teacher，my four－year learning experience in the university will be made more enjoyable and much easier as well.While on the other hand，it is a miserable thing to have to spend most of your time studying what you have no interest in.Quite apart from that，interest helps to arouse your curiosity，and to stimulate your motivation for exploring new things，thus leading to creativity and even a new invention，which might be beneficial to the whole world.
Eor these reasons，I can draw a safe conclusion that there is nothing that will make my college life more fascinating than interest.I have every reason to believe that，with a goal in my mind，along with the interest and effort，I will surely achieve great success in the coming university life.
这是一个较为简单的图表描述，在总体介绍了三个影响高三学生选择大学和专业的因素以后，具体介绍了每个因素的所占比例。在日常工作和生活中，饼状图非常常用，多用来展示调查结果。图表内容一目了然，描述者往往也因内容简单而描述枯燥，句式单一。本文最大的亮点就是句式使用灵动多变，精致凝练的语篇中满满都是耐人寻味的语用典范。
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