二、研究型大学应从实际出发,通过积极改革参与国际竞争
直接面对教育资源国际竞争的研究型大学,要始终把握改革发展的主动权,坚持提高国家国际竞争力的使命感。从学校自身的实际出发,以国际视野来制定学校的发展政策和建设举措,积极利用各种宏观政策,加快学校的国际化进程,提高人才培养、科学研究和社会服务的质量。尤为注意的是,研究型大学要积极探索与实践符合自身实际情况和未来发展趋势的竞争力提升举措。由于大学竞争力的内涵丰富、具有层次性和结构性,各国各地区的社会经济发展水平和教育体制差异甚大,各研究型大学的历史传统、办学理念、优势特色等也不尽相同,因此大学的发展道路不会是单一模式,竞争力提升举措也不该是千篇一律。研究型大学在借鉴成功经验时,不可简单挪用和全盘照搬,一定要积极探索与实践符合自身实际情况和未来发展趋势的建设举措。唯有此,才能在世界众多研究型大学中领先居上、脱颖而出。
【注释】
[1] 参见李清平、蒋洪池、成中梅:《大学核心竞争力的内涵探析——基于要素分析的视角》,载《现代教育科学》,2008(2)。
[2] 参见程莹、刘少雪、刘念才:《我国何时能建成世界一流大学——从GDP角度预测》,载《高等教育研究》,2005(4)。
[3] 参见马峥等:《2020年中国科技地位预测和估计》,载《科学学与科学技术管理》,2004(3)。
[4] 参见刘念才、周玲:《面向创新型国家的研究型大学建设研究》,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2007。
[5] http//www.edu.tw/files/list/B0039/附件-1發展國際一流大學及頂尖研究中.pdf.
[6] http//www.edu.tw/files/list/B0039/附件-1發展國際一流大學及頂尖研究中.pdf.
[7] 参见徐小洲、郑英蓓:《韩国的世界一流大学发展计划:BK21工程》,载《高等工程教育研究》,2006(6)。
[8] 参见安玉祥:《大力发展特色领域的研究型大学,未来7年内将投入约21亿美元——韩启动第二阶段“BK21工程”》,载《中国教育报》,2006—06—20。
[9] 参见胡乐乐:《德国放弃高校平等制,卓越计划选出三所精英大学》,载《科学时报》,2006—11—21。
[10] 参见张帆:《德国大学“卓越计划”述评》,载《比较教育研究》,2007(12)。
[11] http://chronicle.com/article/Germany-Pursues-Excellence/66048/.
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[35] 由于阿姆斯特丹自由大学的名次上升幅度相对不大,故本研究不采用其作为案例。
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[124] 2009年,作为国家大学实施“千人计划”,加快海外高层次人才引进的关键之年,浙江大学紧抓时代机遇,在整合各项行之有效的人才引进与培养的政策措施的基础上,加大制度创新,重点实施了“1311人才工程”战略,即计划到2017年前后,师资队伍规模基本稳定在3500人左右,各类专职研究人员2000人左右,形成100名左右具有国际影响力的高端人才,培养和引进300名左右具有国际知名度的高级人才,建设100个左右面向重大任务或科学问题的创新研究团队,支持1000名左右支撑学校未来发展的青年骨干人才。
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