重庆大学景观建筑学研究：基于系统论的城市公园系统构建研究

（五）景观建筑学

学位论文题目：基于系统论视角下的城市公园系统构建研究——以重庆市渝中区为例

学生：车铭哲LA2013M001　　导师：杜春兰教授

专业：景观建筑学　　　　　年级：2010级

摘要：

随着对城市绿地研究的逐渐深入，城市公园系统因为其自然性、整体性和全面性而受到广泛的关注。中国是个人口大国，但绿地面积却十分有限，如何协调各类公园布局使其利益最大化，已经成为城市公园绿地建设必须着重解决的问题。城市公园系统是一个多元素、多层次、多功能的复杂有机整体，它包含了丰富的内容，涵盖范围很广，规划步骤复杂，如果没有系统的科学方法论作为一个指南，则难以实现其整体功能的发挥。将系统论运用于城市公园系统的构建，可以有效地引导城市公园系统的规划过程，推动整体最大利益的实现，可以提高我国有限的绿地的使用效率。

首先，论文以系统论为出发点，通过对系统论和城市公园系统相关概念的界定，以及研究现状及发展的综述，得出了以系统论为引导的城市公园系统构建的研究对象，即城市公园系统的构成要素、结构、功能和系统整体，这四个因素对于整个构建过程和促进整体功能是最大化具有十分重要的作用。

其次，论文探讨了系统论的基本原理在城市公园系统构建中的具体运用方式，其主要内容包括整体性原理、层次性原理和最优化原理。通过对国内外系统论角度的相关规划案例的分析，总结了这些基本原理对城市公园系统构建的启示，从而有效指导城市公园系统的构建过程。

再次，在前文理论和实践分析的基础上，对基于系统论的城市公园系统思路和方法进行了初步探索，其具体过程可以归纳为根据现状，确定规划目标—结合规划目标、选择构成要素—布局构成要素、规划结构—子系统叠加优化、构建系统四个部分。其中，规划目标是城市公园系统构建的基础，它由所在城市的自然地理条件、历史人文条件、城市建设概况和城市绿地系统规划等因素决定。通常情况下规划目标并不是单一的，根据城市公园系统的基本功能可以将其划分为形态、业态、生态、情态四个子目标，这四个目标分别对应着形态子系统、业态子系统、生态子系统和情态子系统。针对不同的规划目标，构成要素也有所差别，构成要素对系统结构布局具有重要的影响作用，特定的构成要素按照不同的布局结构能够组合成具有特定功能的子系统，在子系统结构叠加的基础上进行优化分析，能够得出具有综合功能的城市公园系统。论文采用分层次的优化方法，分别从宏观和微观两个层次对城市公园系统结构进行调整优化。

最后，结合重庆市渝中区山地城市公园系统构建的实例，回应所提出的规划理论，基于系统论对重庆市渝中区山地城市公园系统构建过程与最佳功能实现途径进行了探索和研究。

本文理论联系实际，初步探索了系统论和城市公园系统构建相结合的规划方法，为城市公园系统规划提供了新思路、新角度，为其他相关的城市绿地规划建设提供了参考。

关键词：

系统论，公园系统，构建措施，渝中区

ABSTRACT：

With the in-depth study of urban green space，urban park system receiveswide attention because of its natura ity，integra ity and comprehensiveness．China is a country with arge popu ation but imited green area．Therefore，how to coordinate the ayout of the various parks tomaximize their benefitshasbecome the indispensib e prob em to be so ved in the process of urban park green area construction．Urban park system is a comp ex organic integrity，which is mu ti-e ement，mu ti- eve and mu ti-function and contains rich content，covers a wide range，and has comp ex p anning steps．If there is no scientific and systematicmethodo ogy to guide，it is difficu t to rea ize its overa function to p ay．With the introduction of system theory into urban park system p anning，it can be effective to guide the process of urban park system p anning，promote the rea ization of the overa maximum profits and improve the uti ization rate of the imited green space in our county．

First y，starting from the system theory，this thesis defines the concepts of system theory and the re evant concepts of urban park system and reviews the study status and process，determining the research objects of urban park system construction guided by system theory，which shows that the e ements，structures，functions and system integrity of urban park system p ay very important ro es in constructing and promoting themaximization of overa function．

Second y，this thesis discusses the concrete app ication ways of the basic princip es of system theory in urban park system construction，whosemain contents inc ude the princip e of integrity，the princip e of hierarchy，and the princip e of optimization．With the ana ysis of the re evant p anning cases from the perspective of system theory at home and abroad，the thesis summarizes the en ightenment of these basic princip es on urban park system construction so as to effective y guide the constructing process of it．

Again，based on the ana ysis of the theory and practice in the previous parts，the thesismakes preiminary exp oration of the p anning ideas and methods ofurban park system under the basic princip es of system theory，whose concrete process can be summarized as the four parts of confirming the p anning objectives according to the status—se ecting e ements by combingwith p anning objectives— ayoutof e ements and p anning structure—subsystem optimization and constructing the system．The p anning objectives are the basis of urban park system construction，which is decided by the factors of the urban natura and geographica conditions，historica and cu tura conditions，urban construction situations，system p anning of urban green area profi es，etc．In genera ，the p anning objective is not sing e．According to its basic function，it can be divided into the four sub-goa s of andscape，recreation，eco ogy and historica inheritance，which correspond to the subsystems of andscape，recreation，eco ogy and historica inheritance．The e ements are different according to different p anning targets，which have important inf uence on the system structure and ayout．The specific e ements can be combined into the subsystem with specific functions in accordance with the different ayout structures．On the basis of superimposed sub-system structure，the thesis conducts the optimization ana ysis to arrive at the urban park system with the comprehensive functions．This thesis adopts the hierarchica optimization method and carries on adjustment and optimization of urban park system structure from themacro and micro eve s．

Fina y，the thesis takes the Yuzhong district as an examp e to response to the proposed p anning theory，exp oring the p anning process and rea izing ways ofmaximizing function of urban park system in Yuzhong district，Chongqing．

Linking theory with practice，this thesis makes pre iminari y exp oration of the p anningmethods combining the system theory and urban park system construction，providing new ideas and new views of urban park system p anning，and references for the re evant p anning and construction of urban green area．

Key Words：

System theory；Park system；Constructionmeasures；Yuzhong district

学位论文题目：中小城市高铁门户景观空间格局初探——以京沪高铁沿线中小城市为例

学生：张芬芬LA2013M002　　导师：杨柳副教授

专业：景观建筑学　　　　　年级：2010级

摘要：

高铁门户作为新兴的城市门户，不仅是城市与外界进行物质、能量、信息交流的最新载体和城市各项活动的重要场所，也是展示城市风貌特色的窗口和客厅，是城市形象的标志。

未来五年内，我国高铁路网将基本覆盖国内数百个人口在50万以上的中等城市，这些城市高铁新区的建设呈现出同质化以及盲目建设的现象，城市景观空间格局混杂无序、千篇一律、缺乏特色，也加剧了城市的无序扩张。

因此，论文以中小城市高铁门户景观空间格局为研究课题，梳理国内外相关理论综述，取证国外成熟案例，剖析国内规划项目，调研高铁门户景观构成，在此基础上尝试构建我国中小城市高铁门户景观空间格局系统。全文分为以下八个章节。

第1章为背景认知篇。主要介绍高铁发展历程和动态、高铁对我国城市空间格局的影响、选题关键词和研究的必要性。

第2章为概念界定篇。主要介绍中小城市、高铁、高铁门户、高铁景观空间格局等的界定和内涵以及研究方法、意义与框架。

第3章是文献综述篇。对交通与城市发展、高铁与城市发展和高铁门户与城市发展三个层面的理论进行梳理，并总结每一个层面理论研究的经验与不足之处。

第4章和第5章为案例分析篇。其中，第4章取证法国TGV、德国ICE沿线的三个城市，从项目背景、项目对片区影响和门户景观空间格局等方面进行分析和研究。第5章通过对京沪高铁沿线十余个中小城市的调研，总结了高铁片区景观空间格局的类型与城市经济发展阶段的关联，并以曲阜、蚌埠、廊坊为例分析高铁片区现状与规划的景观空间格局，最终提出京沪高铁沿线中小城市景观空间格局规划特征、发展趋势与实施现状存在的问题。

第6章和第7章为系统构建篇。总结门户景观的要素分类，并将中小城市高铁门户景观空间格局系统分为功能、空间及风貌系统三个子系统，并分别阐述了各个子系统的内涵、国内外建设特征问题与经验启示。第7章阐述构建空间、功能、风貌三位一体的高铁景观空间格局系统的框架和内容。

第8章为总结展望篇。总结前文得出的结论、存在的不足之处并展望研究发展趋向。

关键词：

中小城市，城市门户，景观空间格局，京沪高铁

ABSTRACT：

As a new urban gateway，high-speed rai way gateway is noton y the newest carrier that the city exchangesmatter，energy and information with the outsidewor d，and the important sites of various activities in the city，but a so the window and iving room that show urban features，and the sign of urban image．

In the next five years，high-speed rai way network of our country wi cover hundreds of medium citieswhose popu ation reachesmore than 500，000．The constructions of high-speed rai way area in these cities have showed the phenomenon ofhomogenization and b ind construction．The spatia pattern of urban andscape is mixed and out of order，and acks of characteristics，which a so increases the un imited spraw of the city．

Therefore，the thesis takes the high-speed rai -way gateway in sma and medium-sized cites as the research object tomake review about the re ated theories at home and abroad，obtains themature cases abroad，ana yzes domestic p anning projects and investigates the andscape constitution of high-speed rai gateway．On the above basis，the author tries to construct the andscape spatia pattern system ofhighspeed rai way gateway in the sma andmedium-sized cities．The thesis is divided into eight chapters．

The first chapter is about the background know -edge．It main y introduces the deve opment process and dynamic of high-speed rai way，its impacton urban spatia pattern in China，the keywords and necessity of the study．

The second chapter is the definition of concepts．It introduces the research methods，significance and framework，definition and connotation of sma and medium-sized cities，high-speed rai way，high-speed rai way gateway，and andscape spatia pattern of high-speed rai way．

The third chapter is the iterature review．It sorts out the theories of transport and urban deve opment，high-speed rai way and urban deve opmentand high-speed rai way gateway and urban deve opment．Then it summarizes the experience and deficiency of the theoretica studies on the above three aspects．

The fourth and fifth chapters are about case ana ysis．The fourth chapter takes three cities of France TGV，and Germany ICE as examp es to anayze from the perspectives of projectbackground，impact of projecton the area，and gateway of andscape spatia pattern，etc．Through the survey and investigation on 10 sma and medium-sized cities a ong the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rai way，the fifth chapter summarizes the re evance between the type of andscape spatia pattern and the urban economic deve opment stages．In addition，it takesQubu，Bengbu and Langfang as examp es to ana yze the andscape spatia pattern of high-speed area status and p anning and fina y submit p anning characteristics，deve opment trends and questions of current imp ementation of andscape spatia pattern of sma and mediumsized cities a ong the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rai way．

The sixth and seventh chapters are about system construction．The sixth chapter summarizes the e ements c assification of gateway andscape，and divides the andscape spatia pattern system of highspeed rai way gateway in sma and medium-sized cites into three subsystems of function，space and sty e，further describing the connotation，featured prob ems of construction and experience at home and abroad of the three subsystems respective y．The seventh chapter describes the framework and contents of andscape spatia pattern system of high-speed rai way about trinity of function，space and sty e．

The eighth chapter is the summary and out ook．It summarizes the conc usions of the previous parts and imitations，making prospects for future research and deve opment trend．

Key Words：

Sma and medium-sized cities；Urban gateway；Landscape spatia pattern；Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rai way

学位论文题目：区域景观规划研究——以“重庆两江新区御临河区域景观规划”为例

学生：杨凯LA2013M003　　导师：朱捷教授

专业：景观建筑学　　　　年级：2010级

摘要：(www.xing528.com)

在当今的城市建设中，景观已经成为极为重要的一部分。在不同的尺度层面上，关于景观的规划和设计也已经有了各种各样的理论方法。从小尺度的场地设计到大尺度的绿地系统规划，各种景观规划项目也在如火如荼地进行着。好的城市景观是吸引市民前往的活力场所，也是城市生态系统的承载网络，更是提升城市形象、体现城市文化的重要媒介。但是关于区域景观规划（Regiona Landscape P anning），即从更为宏观的层面对景观进行统筹和控制，在国内还是一个较为新兴的研究方向，与其相关的实际项目也较为少见。论文试图在明确区域景观规划含义和特征的基础上，将“重庆市两江新区御临河区域景观规划”项目作为研究对象，有针对性地对区域景观规划途径作出相应总结，以期为今后我国区域景观规划的实际建设项目提供一些有价值的参考和指导。

论文明确了区域景观规划的概念，分析了区域景观规划的特点及在现实生活当中存在的主要问题；对相关理论作了系统的研究梳理，然后进一步对其归纳和总结；再以“重庆两江新区龙盛片区御临河区域景观规划”项目实践为对象，从宏观、中观、微观三个层面对其规划途径进行了细致的梳理分析和研究探讨，在此基础上总结出区域景观规划的整体框架和规划策略。

本文由五个部分组成，大体结构如下：

第一部分为第1章和第2章，首先明确本文的研究对象为相对于一般景观而言更大尺度层面的区域景观，明确其定义和研究范围。然后归纳出区域景观与一般城市景观的显著不同特征，并提出目前区域景观规划存在的主要问题。

第二部分为第3章，对区域景观规划的相关理论进行分析研究和借鉴，在此基础上归纳总结出区域景观规划在自然性、社会性、空间性和文化性这四个方面的理论方法。

第三部分为第4章，通过“重庆两江新区龙盛片区御临河区域景观规划”这个项目来进行方法验证。对其总体规划定位、特色分段构建以及景观要素控制进行层级递进式的详细解析，通过项目实践对区域景观规划进行较为全面、深入的研究。

第四部分为第5章，通过前文的研究探索过程，总结出区域景观规划的核心要点和整体框架，并分别从宏观、中观、微观等三个层面提出相关的策略方法，解决其存在的主要问题。

最后一部分是结论，对论文的主要成果以及不足之处作总结性的陈述。

关键词：

区域景观规划，景观控制，区域尺度，规划策略

ABSTRACT：

In today’s urban construction，the andscape p anning has become an essentia part．And on different sca es and eve s，a variety of theoretica approaches of andscape p anning and design have a so been brought up．Various andscape p anning projects，from the sma -sca e site p anning to the argesca e green site system p anning，are a in fu swing．A good urban andscape is a vibrant p ace for peop e to go，a network to carry urban ecosystem and amedium to high ight the image of the city and ref ect the cu ture of the city．However，the regiona andscape p anning—a p anningmethod from amore macro eve to coordinate and contro the andscape， is a re ative y new topic in China and rare practica re ated projects can be found in this fie d too．On the basis of specifying the notation and the characteristics of the regiona andscape p anning，this thesis takes the projectof“Regiona Landscape P anning of Yu in River in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing”as the research object，targeting at conc ude the regiona andscape p anning methods corresponding and attempting to provide some va uab e references to the actua projects re ated to the regiona andscape p anning in the future．

First y，the thesis defines the conceptof regiona andscape p anning and ana yzes the characteristics of the regiona andscape p anning and the main probems existing in the rea ife．Then，it sorts out the previous re evant theoretica and practica resu ts and further summarizes them and conc udes them．Thirdy，taking the project practicementioned above as the research object，the thesis discusses its p anning manner in detai s from the eve ofmacro，meso and micro．Based on this，it further sums up the overa framework and p anning strategies of the regiona andscape p anning．

This thesis consists of five parts，whose genera structure is as fo ows．The first part inc udes chapter one and chapter two，which first y specifies that the objectof this thesis is re ative y a arger-sca e regiona andscape compared to a genera one and c ear its definition and research scope．Then it summarizes the significant characteristics between the regiona andscape and the genera andscape，and proposes the main prob ems existing in regiona andscape．

The second part is chapter three，making ana ysis and reference of the re evant theories about regiona andscape p anning．On the basis of these，it conc udes the theoretica methods of regiona andscape p anning on four aspects：eco ogy（eco ogica hea th），formats（vita ity spaces），moda ity（cu tura p ura ism），and morpho ogy（visua infection）．

The third part is chapter four，va idating the methods by the project mentioned above．It makes detai ed ana ysis of the overa p anning positioning，featured subsection construction and andscape e ement contro of the project by hierarchica and progressive type．In addition，it makes comprehensive and deep research on the regiona andscape p anning through project practice．

The fourth part is chapter five，which sorts out the core pointand overa framework of regiona andscape p anning through the research and exp oring process in the previous chapters．Moreover，it puts forwards the re evant strategies and methods，and so ves the main existing prob ems from the macro，meso and micro eve ．

The ast part is the conc usion，which makes summary of themain resu ts aswe as the imitations of the thesis．

Key Words：

Regiona andscape p anning；Landscape contro ；Regiona sca e；P anning strategy

学位论文题目：西南地区湖岛湿地复合化营建模式研究——以大理海稍湿地公园为例

学生：戴俊明LA2013M004　　导师：应文副教授

专业：景观建筑学　　　　　年级：2010级

摘要：

随着人们对湖泊湿地生态认识的不断深入，针对其功能价值的开发利用也逐步加强，尤其是对资源优势明显的湖岛湿地的开发建设更是逐年增长。然而，在湿地景观资源给区域经济带来重大收益的同时，常由于人们保护意识的薄弱、统筹观念的缺乏及经济利益的驱使等因素，给湖岛湿地生态结构及景观资源带来了不容忽视的不利影响。

目前，湿地公园作为国内外普遍认同的一种协调保护与开发的常见模式，是湿地资源健康可持续发展的有效途径。然而，针对湖泊湿地类型的景观规划研究却较少，特别是对西南地区湖岛湿地类型的景观规划的专项研究就更少。

论文通过对西南地区湖岛湿地景观规划的现状调研和分析总结，得出当前西南湖岛湿地景观主要存在的问题有：湿地景观结构多侧重于平面上布局，忽视了立体空间上的开发；湿地景观功能组成彼此孤立，缺乏互利共生的联系；湿地景观风貌相对单一，地域性特色挖掘不足等。

论文针对西南地区湖岛湿地的特点，提出了湿地复合化营建模式的目标与原则，着重探讨了该模式的特点与难点，以及整体的体系构建；并针对湖岛湿地复合化营建模式的策略与理念，分析、探索了其具体构建的理论方法及应用技术。最后，以大理海稍湖岛湿地景观规划为主要研究对象，提出了湖岛湿地复合化营建模式的三大策略：构建立体化的湿地生态格局，增强湿地生境稳定性；构建综合化的功能产业结构，强化市场竞争力；构建多样化的湿地景观风貌，提升旅游吸引力。

论文分为以下六个部分：

第一部分为绪论，即提出问题的部分，通过对背景、概念的解析，确定研究对象及范围，并对国内外研究现状及实践发展进行概况总结，明确本文研究的内容及意义，为下文的展开奠定基础。

第二部分，明确湖泊湿地、湖岛湿地等相关概念，并对构建湖岛湿地复合化景观模式的相关支撑理论及应用作出进一步的研究与讨论。

第三部分，通过对西南地区大量湖岛湿地开发的典型案例进行系统研究，归纳出目前主要存在的发开类型，并总结出其各自的特点与问题。

第四部分为论文的研究主体，即解决问题的部分，从规划设计层面对现状问题提出相应的解决思路。提出新型的湖岛湿地复合化营建模式，并对其规划原则、思路、理念、对策及方法作具体介绍。

第五部分为项目实践应用部分，结合笔者亲自参与的实际项目，进一步深入阐述了基于生态旅游的湖岛湿地复合化模式的构建目标、原则、策略及具体构建方法。

第六部分为整篇论文的归纳总结。基于前几部分的分析研究和对具体项目的实际应用，归纳总结出本文的结论并进行反思。

关键词：

西南地区，湖岛湿地，复合化，景观规划

ABSTRACT：

As peop e’s deep understanding in the akewetand eco ogy，the deve opment and uti ization of its functiona va ue is gradua y strengthened，especia y to the deve opment and construction of is and ake wet and which have obvious advantages of resources．However，whi e thewet and resources bringing significant benefits to regiona economic，adverse effects are puton the is and akewet and eco ogica structure and andscape resources because of weak protection awareness， ack of coordination ideas，and economic profit impe ing，etc．

Current y，as a common mode of coordinating protection and deve opment wide y recognized at home and abroad，the wet and park is an effective way to promote the hea thy and sustainab e deve opment of wet and resources．However，there are few studies aiming at the andscape p anning of the ake wet and type，especia y the specia research of the andscape p anning of is and ake wet and type in southwest area．

Through the investigation of existing situation and summary of the andscape p anning of is and ake wet ands in southwest area，this thesis discoveries that the andscape of is and akewet and in southwest area has the fo owing prob ems：wet and andscape structure focuses on the ayout of the f at surface whi e ignoring the deve opment of three-dimensiona space；the composition ofwet and andscape function iso ates from each other and acks ofmutua ism contact；wet and andscape sty e is re ative y simp e and acks of regiona features，etc．

Focusing on the features of is and ake wet and in the southwest area，this thesis proposes the objectives and princip es of the composite construction mode ofwet and，and emphasizes on the characteristics，difficu ties and overa system construction of thismode．At the same time，this thesis ana yzes the theoretica approaches and app ication techno ogy of the specific construction according the strategy and phi osophy of the composite construction mode of isand ake wet and．Fina y，taking the andscape p anning of is and akewet and in Da iHaishao as the main study object，it proposes three strategies of the composite construction mode of is and ake wet and：bui ding three-dimensiona pattern of wet and ecosystems；enhancing the stabi ity of wet and habitats； bui ding the integrated functiona and industria structure；strengthening the market competitiveness；bui ding the diverse wet and andscape sty e；enhancing the tourism appea ．

This thesis is divides into six parts．

Part one is the introduction．It determines the research object and scope through the ana ysis of background and concept．And then itmakes a genera y summary of the domestic and foreign research status and practica deve opment and c ears the content and significance of this study，which ays the foundation for the fo owing sections．

Part two c ears out the re ated concepts such as akes wet and，is and ake wet and etc．and makes further research and discussion of the re ated support theory and app ication in bui ding the composite andscapemode of is and ake wet and．

Through systematic study of a arge number of typica cases of is and ake wet and deve opment in southwest area，part three genera izes the existing deve opment types at present and sums their characteristics and prob ems．

Part four is the main body，so ving prob ems，which proposes the appropriate so ution ideas from p anning and design aspects．This part a so puts forward a nove composite construction mode of is and ake wet and and makes specific introduction of its p anning princip es，ideas，concepts，measures and methods．

Part five is the part of the practica app ication which the author persona y invo ves in．Itmakes further e aboration of the bui ding objectives，princip es，strategies and concrete construction methods of the composite construction mode of is and ake wetand based on ecotourism．

Part six summarizes the thesis．Based on the previous parts and the practica app ication of specific projects，it conc udes the thesis and makes ref ection．

Key Words：

Southwest area；Is and ake wet and；Composite；Landscape p anning