研究：国家中心城市功能理论与重庆构建国家中心城市

（三）城市规划及其理论

学位论文题目：国家中心城市功能理论与重庆构建国家中心城市研究

学生：宋思曼UPD2013D001　　导师：扈万泰教授

专业：城市规划与设计　　　 年级：2009级

摘要：

国家中心城市是指一个大国范围内能级最高的中心城市，在全国政治、经济、社会、文化领域发挥引领、集聚、辐射、控制、影响和带动的作用与功能，在国家战略布局中是区域发展的空间支点，是代表国家参与国际竞争与合作的重要门户。

国家中心城市是基于国情与国家战略的中国特色城市等级规划概念，是对中心城市经典理论和世界城市理论的发展。国家中心城市发展的本质是实现其特定城市功能。

国家中心城市的主导功能体现为“1+ 3+ 1”的结构体系：政治功能是关键因素，经济功能、社会功能、文化功能是主要内容，枢纽功能是基础。论文以全球性的开放视野，进行了大量的比较研究，提炼和总结了五大主导功能的概念内涵、作用原理和发展特征，提出了普遍意义上国家中心城市功能实现的路径，初步构建了国家中心城市的功能理论框架。论文围绕“1+ 3+ 1”的功能体系建立了评价国家中心城市的指标体系和数学模型，有助于国家中心城市的研究更加系统化与科学化。

重庆是我国内陆地区唯一的直辖市，其地缘特征、特殊市情、规模基础在国家战略中的特殊地位和后发型成长优势，都使重庆构建国家中心城市的道路与其他沿海地区国家中心城市有较大差异性。论文研究并提出：重庆构建国家中心城市要在政治功能上充分发挥政策优势，策划发展重点；在经济功能方面结合传统工业城市和农村区域面积大的特点确定符合自身实际的三次产业发展的结构目标和方向；在社会功能方面要重视人口规模集聚与人口结构优化的路径；在文化功能方面重点完善物质的与非物质的文化及其产业发展规划；在枢纽功能方面突出构建内陆联通世界的交通与信息网络的开放策略。

关键词：

国家中心城市，城市功能，城市规划，重庆

ABSTRACT：

Nationa center city refers to the center city of the highest capacity eve within the scope of a great power and it can exert the effects and functions of guiding，gathering，radiating，contro ing，inf uencing and motivating in fie ds ike po itics，economy，society and cu ture．It p ays the supporting point ro e for regiona deve opment in the nationa strategic p anning and proves to be the significant porta representing the nation to participate in internationa competition and cooperation．

On the basis of China’s nationa conditions and strategies and the urban hierarchy p anningwith Chinese characteristics，nationa center city shows the theoretica deve opment of center city c assic theory and wor d city theory．The essence of nationa center city deve opment is to rea ize its specific city functions．

The dominant function of nationa center city manifests itse f by the“1+ 3+ 1”structura system：the po itica function is the key e ement；the economica ，socia and cu tura functions are themain content；the junction function is the foundation．From the g oba y open vision，this thesis conducts a quantitative comparison research，extracts and summarizes the connotation，action mechanism and deve opment characteristics of the five guiding functions，and puts forward a genera sense of nationa center city functions rea ization path，thus to pre iminari y construct the theoretic framework for nationa center city functions．Moving around the“1+ 3+ 1”structura system，this thesis estab ishes the indicator system and mathematic mode to assess the nationa center city and it a so contributes tomaking the nationa center city researchmore systematic and scientific．

Chongqing，as China’s on y in and municipa ity direct y under the centra government，its geographic features，specia conditions，sca e and foundation，exceptiona position in China’s nationa strategies and backward-sty e growth advantages，a thesemake the path of constructing the nationa center city quite different from that of other nationa center cities in the coasta areas．This thesis studies and proposes that the construction of Chongqing becoming a nationa center city shou d fu y exert the po icy advantages，p an the deve oping priority；in economy，it shou d make decisions in combination with the characteristics of being a traditiona industria city and having arge-sca ed rura area，aiming and directing at the three-industry deve opment in its own interests；in society，it shou d attach importance to popu ation agg omeration and structure optimization；in cu ture，it shou d pay high attention to bettering the projects for the tangib e and intangib e cu ture and cu tura industry；in junction，it shou d high ight the open-up strategy for estab ishing the transportation and information connection with the wor d．

Key Words：

Nationa center city；City function；Urban p anning；Chongqing

学位论文题目：三峡人居环境文化地理变迁研究

学生：魏晓芳UPD2013D002　　导师：赵万民教授

专业：城市规划与设计　　 　年级：2009级

摘要：

三峡人居环境在历史的进程中经历了漫长的缓变和急剧的突变，与此同时，文化地理也随之变迁。三峡地区曾因壮丽的峡谷风光闻名于世，又因最大的水利工程令世人瞩目，然而在气势恢宏的背后，三峡人居环境却始终不尽如人意，文化环境的建设速度远远比不上物质空间的建设速度。无论是在有关三峡的学术研究中，还是在城乡规划设计中，又或者是在实际的移民搬迁、城镇建设中，文化都未得到应有的重视，文化之于地区发展的促进力量不仅没有得到充分发挥，反而成为地域发展的阻碍。基于这种背景，在“文化强国”战略目标的引领下，论文希望通过研究，建立体系、梳理历史、探寻机制、提出对策，促使三峡地区优秀的传统文化得到传承、活力的新兴文化得以发展。

论文在人居环境科学体系下，以“文化”为核心、文化变迁过程及规律为对象，以“古代—今日—未来”的时间线索与“面—线—点”的空间层次，以“基础研究—现象研究—规律研究—对策研究—实践研究”的逻辑思路，运用多学科的综合方法，通过梳理三峡人居环境的文化历史脉络，揭示其地域扩展过程及规律，探讨其文化地理变迁机制，提出三峡人居环境的和谐文化发展对策，开展三峡地区不同空间层次的人居环境规划与建设实践，丰富三峡人居环境的研究领域，为三峡人居环境的规划与实施提供依据，从而全面提升三峡人居环境品质。

在基础研究中，论文第2章尝试构建人居环境建设体系下文化地理研究的理论体系，解析三峡文化的组成。论文解析了人居环境语义下的文化与文化地理，初步构建了人居环境建设体系下的文化地理研究理论体系，并用类型学解析了人居环境建设体系下三峡地区文化的构成。

在现象研究上，第3、4章研究了三峡地区文化的兴起与发展，及主要文化形态的地域扩展过程。论文回顾了三峡文化的缘起，阐述了三峡地区不同历史时期的文化地理形成与发展过程，分析了三峡主要文化形态的历史地域扩展过程，总结了人居环境空间语境下三峡文化历史发展的特点。

在规律研究中，第5章进行了三峡人居环境的文化地理变迁机制研究，阐述了人居环境建设的文化地理变迁的基本理论；分析了影响文化变迁的各级因素，并探寻各种因素相互作用下的变迁规律、解析变迁机制；归纳并探讨三峡人居环境的文化地理变迁模式。

在对策研究上，第6章提出了三峡人居环境的文化发展对策，即三峡地区文化地理区划与协调、文化生命周期的认知与调控、文化价值的评估与提升，从地域文化的空间和谐、时间可持续与保持先进性三个方面提出了三峡地区文化地理区划方法、文化生命周期调控方法及地域文化价值多维评估方法等理论与方法。

最后在实践研究中，第7章提出从物质空间规划到文化空间规划的技术思路，建立文化地理数据库、开展文化空间规划、构建地方公共文化服务体系等，以实现三峡地区文化和谐、可持续与积极地发展；并通过不同人居环境空间层次的规划与建设案例来实践对策方法。

关键词：

三峡地区，人居环境建设，文化，地理，变迁

ABSTRACT：

Human sett ements in the Three Gorge area have gone through both ong-s ow transitions and rapidsudden changes in the course of history，and mean-whi e，the cu tura geography is corresponding y undergoing transformation．The Three Gorge Area was once wor d-famous for itsmagnificent canyon scenery，and has been the focusofwor d attention for its argestwater conservancy project．However，behind the spectacu ar，the human sett ements environment in this area is ess than satisfactory．The cu tura environment construction speed of this area fa s far behind the speed of its construction of physica space．Whether in the academic researches on the Three Gorges or in the urban and rura p anning，or actua resett ement construction，cu ture has not got enough attention yet．Instead of being the promoting force for oca deve opment，cu tura prob ems have become hindrance b ocking the way．Within this context，guided by the strategic goa of“being a powerfu cu -tura country”，this thesis hopes to provide systematic framework，historica essons，mechanism exp oration，so ution and suggestion based on researches，thus to faci itate the inheritance of exce ent traditiona cu ture and deve opment of energetic new cu tivation．

Within the system of human resett ements science，this thesis centers on“cu ture”and uses the cu tura transition and its ru es as objects，unfo ding itse f by the time c ues of“ancient-current-prospective”，the space eve s of“face- ine-spot”and the ogic thinking pattern of“basic research—phenomenon research—princip e research—countermeasure research—practice research”．Adopting the mu tidiscip inary and comprehensive methods，this thesis c ears up the cu ture and history of the human sett ements in the Three Gorges Area，revea s the regiona extension process and its ru es，discusses the transitiona mechanism of the cu tura geography，provides so utions to the harmonious cu tura deve opment in this area and carries out the human sett ements p anning and construction practice on various space eve s，and therefore to enrich the studies on this topic，to provide support for its p anning and practice，and u timate y and consequent y to upgrade the comprehensive qua ity of human sett ements．

In the basic research part，the second chapter of this thesis tries to construct an idea system for cu -tura geography study within the bigger system of human sett ements construction and to deconstruct the composition of the Three Gorges cu ture．Within the system of human sett ements construction，this part ana yzes cu ture and cu ture geography under the semantics of human sett ements，pre iminari y estab ishes the theoretic framework of cu tura geography and additiona y，parses the composition of the Three Gorges cu ture through typo ogy．

In the phenomenon research part，the third and fourth chapters of this thesis study the emergence and deve opment of the Three Gorges Area cu ture．In the phenomenon research part，the third and fourth chapters of this thesis study the emergence and deve opment of the Three Gorges Area cu ture and the regiona extension process of the main cu tura formations．This part reviews the origins of the Three Gorges cu ture，i ustrates its cu tura geography formation and deve opment during different historica stages，ana yzes the historica and regiona extension of itsmain cu tura formation，and summarizes the characteristics of the Three Gorges’cu ture and history within the context of human sett ements．

In the princip e research part，in terms of the Three Gorges Area’s cu tura geography transition，the fifth chapter carriesout the research on the transitiona mechanism，e aborates the basic theories ofhuman sett ements construction，ana yzes the diverse inf uencing factors，exp ores the transitiona princip e and mechanism in the interre ation of various e ements，induces and discusses the transitiona modes in this area．

In the countermeasure research part，the sixth chapter proposes the countermeasures to the cu tura deve opment of the Three Gorges Area human sett ements，name y，the c assification and coordination of cu tura geography，the cognition and contro ing of cu tura ife cyc e，the assessment and promotion of cu tura va ue．From the three aspects of spatia harmony，time sustainabi ity and progressiveness，this parta so presents themethods and theories for c assifying the cu tura geography regions，for regu ating and contro ing the cu tura ife cyc e and for assessing the regiona cu tura va ue from mu tip e dimensions．

Based on the practice research，the seventh chapter puts forward the technica approaches from the physica space p anning to the cu tura space p anning，bui ding the cu tura geography database，p anning the cu tura space and constructing oca pub ic cu tura service system；thus to make the Three Gorges Area cu ture deve op harmonious y，sustainab y and energetica y．This chapter a so puts the so utions and methods into practice by studying cases in the differenthuman sett ements p anning and construction．

Key Words：

Three Gorges Area；Human Sett ements；Cu tura ；Geography；Transition

学位论文题目：泸沽湖地域人居环境的文化演进研究

学生：黄耘UPD2013D003　　导师：赵万民教授

专业：城市规划与设计　　 年级：2002级

摘要：

泸沽湖人居环境在全中国乃至全世界都有其独特性。不仅其自然美景为世界瞩目，摩梭文化中母系社会体系更是不可多得的文化现象，摩梭聚落与井干式建筑类型相当独特。当前，随着中国社会转型的加剧，特别是受旅游开发的影响，泸沽湖人居环境正面临着文化多样性缺失导致的人居地方性消失的危机。论文希望通过揭示其生成原理，探讨泸沽湖人居环境多样性发展的可能性。

本研究是在人居环境科学理论体系下，结合自然地理学、文化人类学、建筑学的研究方法与成果，针对泸沽湖人居问题的一次实践研究。研究立足“文化”与“演进”两个概念，将研究对象在空间现象与时间现象上统一起来讨论。通过自然景观类型、人居中文化运行机制与聚落这三方面，力图在总体上将人居各系统联系起来，真正地理解其发生、发展、变迁的客观规律，希望建构一种适合横断山乃至西南少数民族人居的研究框架，寻求地域人居多样性发展的方向。

论文主体分为四个部分：

（1）在论文的第2章，将横断山（藏彝走廊）地区人居的文化与自然的复合关系，解构为以下三个模式：地景模式，即自然空间格局与人的生计利用的空间分布方式；文化模式，即藏彝走廊的地缘文化在时间与空间上的生成规律；居住模式，即各少数民族垂直分布与水平隔离形成的居住类型，居住类型决定了聚落与建筑的基本类型。这三个方面构成泸沽湖人居环境文化的研究框架。

（2）第3章论述泸沽湖人居环境的地缘文化构成及演进。借助文化人类学的方法，分析摩梭社会结构、制度、组织与文化功能的特点，提出文化控制力是摩梭人居进化的调控力的结论。(www.xing528.com)

（3）第4章是泸沽湖景观现象和演替研究。结合生态景观学理论，讨论了土地利用、湿地景观等要素发生与改变的规律，通过田野调查，揭示了景观现象在不同人群中的心理价值。提出了泸沽湖景观的演进，应以基于生态保护、传统技术、摩梭文化观念为基准的结论。

（4）第5章是关于聚落与建筑的研究。运用建筑学的研究方法，分析了聚落分布、空间层次与聚落结构的制约要素。提出自然空间、文化要素、技术特征作为聚落“属性组合”的配置依据，决定了聚落类型、单元关系、规模金字塔和建筑类型等要素。提出了摩梭文化保护是聚落发展与演进的“着力点”的结论。

人居环境科学与文化学科相结合的研究方法，是从地域文化的角度，探讨西部山区人居环境发展的多样性与特色保护问题，目的是为了寻求全球化背景下怎样保持地域性人居多样性的途径。这种试图构建的“途径”，其本质是基于一种生活方式的多样性进化的理念。正如阿里夫·德里克（A if Dir ik）提出“在这种全球化的环境下，还有可能恢复那些地域性的知识与实践模式，来共同改造世界吗？”。他与众不同地认为“全球化导致地区文化的回归”。的确，我们可以看到，随着中华文明的崛起，以及“地区性的全球化阶段”现象的出现，地域性人居环境的生成与发展的问题在挑战与机遇中显得更加有现实性的生命力与时代价值。我们希望，通过努力，地域性的建筑与聚落文化将构筑21世纪多样性世界的最重要的景观。

关键词：

人居环境科学，泸沽湖人居环境，摩梭聚落与建筑，泸沽湖景观，摩梭文化

ABSTRACT：

The human sett ements by the Lugu Lake have their distinctive qua ity in China and even the wor d．The beautifu natura scenes draw the wor d attention，and the matriarcha society system in Mosuo cu ture is a so a rare cu tura phenomenon in the wor d，the sett ements of the Mosuo peop e and the og constructions are quite unique．Present y，a ong with the aggressive reform of Chinese society and especia y the impact of tourism deve opment，the sett ements by the Lugu Lake face the crisis of disappearance of the regiona features that is caused by the ack of cu tura diversity．This dissertation discusses the possibi ity of diverse deve opment of the human sett ements by Lugu Lake through the study of their generation process．

The research is a practica study to the prob ems in the human sett ements by the Lugu Lake by incorporating themethodo ogies and achievements in natura geography，cu tura Anthropo ogy and architecture under the theoretica system of human sett ement science．The research is grounded on the two concepts “cu ture”and“evo ution”，and puts the research objects together and discusses in the spatia phenomena and the time phenomena．It tries to connect the systems of the human sett ement through the three aspects：natura andscape types，the operationa mechanism of the cu ture in human sett ementand the sett ements themse ves so as to rea y understand the objective aws of its forming，deve opment and vicissitude．It aims at the estab ishment of a research framework appropriate to the study on the fo k dwe -ings in Hengduan mountains and even theminorities in Southwest China and ooking for the direction for diverse deve opment of regiona human sett ements．

The core of the dissertation consists of four parts：First y，the second chapter c assifies the compound re ationship of the sett ement cu ture in Hengduan Mountains（the Tibetan-Yi Corridor）with the nature into the fo owing three patterns：the andscape pattern，which refers to the distribution of the natura space structure in re ation with spaces for human’s ive ihood use；the cu tura pattern，which refers to the generation aws of the regiona cu ture of the Tibetan-Yi Corridor in time and space；and the iving patterns，which refers to the aw of iving patterns that the ethnic groups ive in a vertica distribution and are seperated horizonta y，and it be ieves that the iving patterns determine the spatia forms of the sett ements and basic types of housing．These three aspects constitute the framework for the research of the sett ements by the Lugu Lake．Secondy，the third chapter exp ains the structure and evo ution of the regiona cu ture in the sett ements by the Lugu Lake．Fo owing the cu tura anthropo ogy methods，the dissertation ana yzes the features of the socia structure，system，organization and the cu tura function of the Mosuo peop e，and draws the conc usion that the cu tura contro abi ity is the regu ative strength for the evo ution of Mosuo peop e’s sett ements．Third y，the fourth chapter studies the andscape and its changes of the Lugu Lake．Ituses theories of eco ogica andscape to discuss the and use and the awsof the changesof thewet and andscape．It revea s the psycho ogica va ue of the andscape phenomena in differentgroups through a fie d investigation．It proposes that the andscape evo ution of the Lugu Lake shou d be based on the eco ogica protection，traditiona techno ogy and the cu tura notions of Mosuo peop e．Fourth y，the fifth chapter is the research to the sett ements and bui dings．It adopts methodo ogy of architecture to ana yze the essentia restrictive factors of the sett ementdistribution，space ayers and sett ement structure．It proposed that the natura space，cu tura e ements，and the technica characteristics shou d be the basis of the“attribute composition”disposition，which has formed the sett ement type，unit re ations，sca e pyramid and bui ding types．It a so puts forward the conc usion that preservation of Mosuo cu ture is the key issue in the deve opment and evo ution of the sett ements．

The researchmethodo ogy that combines the science of human sett ement and the cu tura discip ines is adopted to discuss the diversity of the human sett ement in the hi y areas in theWestand the preservation of the features．Its purpose is to seek ways to maintain the diversity of the regiona cu ture under the background of g oba ization．The essence of such“ways”that the dissertation tries to estab ish is based on a concept that there are diverse ways of evo ution for a ifesty e．As A if Dir ik mentioned that“In such a circumstance of g oba ization，is it sti possib e to recover the regiona know edge and practice patterns to transform the wor d together？”Different from the understandings of the others，he be ieves that“g oba ization wi bring back regiona cu tures”．Indeed， wemay see that the issues of the forming and deve -opment of regiona human sett ementhasmore practica vita ity and time va ue in the cha enges and opportunities with the rise of Chinese civi ization．We hope that the regiona architecture and sett ement cu -ture wi constitute the most important andscape in the diverse wor d in the 21st century through ours efforts．

Key Words：

Science of human sett ement；Human sett ement by the Lugu Lake；Sett ement and architecture of Mosuo Peop e；Landscape of the Lugu Lake；Mosuo cu ture

学位论文题目：山地城市—建筑—雕塑：人居环境的空间美学研究

学生：龙宏UPD2013D004　　导师：赵万民教授

专业：城市规划与设计　　 年级：2002级

摘要：

人居环境空间艺术是城乡规划设计与建设的基本内容。然而，在国家近三十年快速城镇化进程下，人居环境空间艺术的发展出现了神形分离、审美低俗、价值错位等诸多矛盾。事实证明，人居环境空间艺术已经成为国家城镇化进程和精神文明建设的重要命题之一。论文以人居环境科学为理论基础，综合运用城乡规划学、建筑学与美术学等学科交叉知识，采用哲学逻辑推演、历史文献考证、雕塑艺术实验等研究方法，理论联系实际，以山地人居环境空间艺术的审美演进与文化脉络为参照，尝试从审美视角提出人居环境空间艺术的思维逻辑、形成机制及建构方法。

事实证明，人的审美能力是自然选择和能动积累的结果，是先天的物质载体、先验的内在结构和后天的生命体验的综合。针对以往哲学上的经验、先验之争，论文提出了“先验即经验，是经验的内置、物化和观念化”的等价性观点以及物质与精神统一于能量及其运行法则的基本认识，在心物、内外、形而上及形而下之间建立起必要的联系。通过“天—地—人”三位一体的本体关照和层次梳理，论文在传统“真—善—美”认识的基础上，推演出“真—善—悟”三位一体的存在方式（广义审美），并进一步外延出相应的“意—象—形”三位一体的人居环境空间艺术思维与建构思路，进而构建了人居环境空间艺术审美的基本规律和逻辑方法。

其次，通过对美与审美的相互渗透和互动演变的分析，揭示并回答了三位一体的本体如何存在，且在“如何存在”的过程中逐步稳定为人类符号行为及其空间艺术符号的形成机制。为此，论文重点讨论了知觉思维的“象”，认为“象”的能动建构、调适乃至解构、重构，是以形写意、寓意于形、形神兼备的空间艺术体验与创造的关键。并进一步指出，“象”的“式-势”关联及其“数、图、色”的和谐统一是人居环境空间艺术经验事实与逻辑概念之间进一步地契合的内在机理，从而构建了人居环境空间艺术“形”与“意”的耦合机制。

最后，论文结合山地人居环境空间艺术的相关实践，提出了人居环境空间艺术三种类型六种组合的建构逻辑，分别是“观物取象、以形写意；直觉潜行、意象交织；抽象秩序、公理推定”。在此基础上，建立了“立意—成象—构形”的山地城市雕塑建构方法。

山地人居环境空间艺术作为一门实用的大地艺术，不仅是聚居行为的表面现象，更重要的还在于透过其外在物质形式所理解或领略到更为本质的精神领域，从而实现诗意的栖居。笔者为此做了相关研究与实践工作，提出了一些学术思考。这些学术结论，既是长期实践过程中得出的理论分析和总结，也是面对当代人居环境空间艺术发展矛盾的积极探索，目的是为人居环境空间艺术的发展和中国的城镇化进程提供有意义的参考。

关键词：

山地，人居环境，空间美学

ABSTRACT：

The space art for human sett ements is a basic component of urban and rura p anning and architecture．However，in the process of acce erated urbanization over the past 30 years，prob ems such as the separation of forms and spirits，vu gar taste and va ue misp acement arose in the deve opment of space art for human sett ements．The space art for human sett ements has proved to be an important topic in China’s urbanization and spiritua civi ization．This study is bui ton the sciences ofhuman sett ements by app ying the interdiscip inary know edge of urban and rura p anning，architecture and fine arts，emp oying the research approaches of ogica deduction in phiosophy，historica iterature research and art practice in scu ptures，and integrating theory with practice．It a so traces the aesthetic and cu tura evo ution of space art for human sett ements in mountainous terrain．Based on a of these，this thesis attempts to come up with the thinking ogic，formation mechanism and constructivemethod of space art for human sett ements from an aesthetic perspective．

Human aestheticism has proved to be the resu t of natura se ection and dynamic accumu ation，and the combination of innatemateria carrier，priori inner structure and acquired ife experience．First y，investigating previous phi osophica disputes between empiricism and apriorism，this thesis has come up with the view of equiva ence that a priori is experience，i．e．the interna ization，materia ization and ideation of experience，aswe as the author’s understanding of the aw that the materia and the menta are incorporated in energy and its operating ru e，and thus estab ished the essentia corre ation between the menta and materia ，the interior and exterior，and the metaphysica and physica ．Through an interior observation and hierarchica ana ysis on the unity of Heaven，Earth and Man，this thesis has deduced the mode of existence of the unity of“truth，goodness and comprehension”（i．e．genera ized appreciation of beauty）based on the traditiona consensus of “Truth，Goodness and Beauty”，and further extended to corresponding thinking and constructivemethod of space art for human sett ements featuring the unity ofmeaning，appearance and form．Thus it has bui t up basic ru es and ogica approaches of aestheticism in the space art for human sett ements．

Second y，through ana ysis on the interpenetration and interactive evo ution between beauty and the appreciation ofbeauty，this thesis revea show the unity of Heaven，Earth and Man is presented，and how，during the presentation process，it has deve oped the formation mechanism of human sign behavior and space art symbo s．Emphasizing the perceptua appearance，this thesismaintains that the dynamic construction，adjustment and even deconstruction of appearance are the key to the artistic experience and creation of expressingmeaning in formswhi e embodying both forms and spirits simu taneous y．It further indicates that the harmony and unity of the corre ation of appearance between form and conditions and its number，picture and co or is the inherentmechanism for further correspondence between the empirica facts and ogic concepts of space art for human sett ements．Thus it has bui t up the coup ingmechanism of forms andmeaning in the space art for human sett ements．

Last y，by uti izing practice in the space art for human sett ements in mountainous terrain，this thesis proposes the construction ogic of three types and six combinations in the space art for human sett ements，i．e．extracting appearance from the nature and expressing meaning in forms，fo owing intuition and combiningmeaning and appearance，and abstracting order and making presumptions from axiom．On this basis，it proposes“conception-visua ization-composition”as the constructive method for creating urban scu ptures inmountainous terrain．

As a practica and art，the space art for human sett ements inmountainous terrain noton y represents the appearance of human sett ements，but a so requires comprehension of the essentia truth behind，so as to achieve poetic existence．In presenting his academic ref ections，the author of this paper has been i uminated by previous studies and conc usions from ong-term practice，and his own research，practice and active exp orations of the contradictions in the deve opment ofmodern space art for human sett ements．It is hoped that this thesiswou d shed some ight on the deve opment of space art for human sett ements and China’s urbanization．

Key Words：

Mountainous terrain；Human sett ement；Spatia aesthetics；Urban scu pture

学位论文题目：山地城镇空间结构演变研究——以西南地区山地城镇为主

学生：吴勇UPD201D005　　导师：张兴国教授　黄光宇教授

专业：城市规划与设计　　年级：2004级

摘要：

城镇空间结构是城镇各种要素在城镇空间的分布关系，其实质是城镇各种要素功能组织在地域空间上的投影。城镇空间结构是不同历史阶段城镇物质文明和精神文明发展的积累，并随着城镇的发展而不断演变。目前，我国西南地区的城镇正处于一个快速城镇化和经济高速发展的时期，城镇人口的迅速增加所导致的城镇空间扩展以及城镇功能结构重组，正推动着城镇空间结构的快速演变。西南地区自然环境复杂、民族众多，促使西南地区地貌形态、交通结构和地域文化呈现异质性和多样性特征，而这些独特的外部环境是西南山地城镇生成、演化的决定性因素。由于受西南山地城镇人口增长与土地资源、地域文化与城镇结构、城镇发展与生态安全的约束，城镇化的空间结构发展一方面迫切需要得到充分的理论解释，以设计制定合理的空间战略与治理框架；另一方面，现实的空间发展也为这方面的研究探索提供了丰富的素材与机遇。

鉴于此，论文分析了西南山地的自然环境特征、交通结构特征、文化结构特征，并以西南地区的山地城镇为主，归纳总结出山地城镇选址规律和空间分布规律，以及山地城镇空间选址的空间区位模式。与此同时，论文对山地地貌类型和城镇形态进行抽象简化，并以类型学归纳方法进行

关键词：

山地城镇，空间结构，演变，优化策略

ABSTRACT：

Urban spatia structure is the distribution re ationships of the urban e ements in the urban space，and its essence is the geographic projection of various e ements of the functiona organization in the urban space．Urban spatia structure is the accumu ation of总结，在对大量的案例进行验证的基础上，勾画出山地城镇形式多样的空间结构图谱。并选取具有代表性的山地城镇为例，以城镇空间形态的拓展及用地功能的演变为切入点，对山地城镇形态的演变轨迹进行了较完整的历时性研究，着力总结出西南山地城镇空间结构演变各个阶段的主要影响因素、演化特征、演化规律。

然后，论文进一步深入探索城镇空间结构演变与城镇自然生态环境、社会文化、政治制度、技术经济等影响因素的相互关系，并以此为基础，提出山地城镇空间结构演变的内在机制，即开放与非平衡是山地城镇空间结构演变的前提，涨落与失稳是空间结构演变的诱因，竞争与协同是空间结构演变的动力，渐变与突变是空间结构的发展方式，分叉与选择是空间结构演变的路径的内在机制。

最后，基于对现实山地城镇空间演化的现实困境梳理，论文结合空间结构演化的机制，从充分开放、生态安全、动态成长与高效协调四个方面提出山地城镇空间结构建构和优化的途径，使我们能够有效地通过规划预置和过程控制，主观能动地引导山地城镇空间朝着稳定持续的方向演化，促使山地城镇空间发展与时间耦合、与经济协调、与环境共生。希望在全球化、城镇化加速发展阶段，对西部大开发中山地城镇空间结构的优化建构和发展战略的制定提供思路。the materia civi ization and spiritua civi ization’s deve opmentamong the differenthistorica stages，a -so with the deve opmentof the city evo ving．Atpresent，China is in a rapid urbanization and economic deve opment period，and the increasing urban popuation causes the growth of the urban and use，the expansion of the city space，the reorganization of the urban function，with pushing the rapid evo ution of urban spatia structure．It not on y intensifies the deterioration of the mountain city which has re ative y fragi e eco ogica environment，but a so causes the geo ogica disasters to happen．Because of the constraints ofmountain urban popu ation and resources，city deve opment and eco ogica security，on the one hand，the spatia structure of urban deve opment cries for the adequate theories to exp ain，for designing a reasonab e space strategy and governance framework；on the other hand，the rea spatia deve -opment a so provides opportunities and a wea th of materia to exp ore in this area．

In view of this，this paper bases on the current situation that the research aboutmountain city spatia structure is acking，and se ectsmostof themountain cities as the objects of this study．From the perspectives of the mountain environment features，traffic characteristics and cu tura marks，ithas summarized a variety ofmountain city space structuremap．This thesis takes the representative evo utions of themountainous and features and the expansion of urban spatia form as a starting point，and makes amore comp ete study about the evo ution of mountain urban form，inc uding ancient，modern，contemporary urban spatia structure characteristics，to strive to summarize the discip ine of the evo ution of urban spatia structure．

Then，this paper further exp ores the re ationship between the evo ution of urban spatia structure and city natura eco ogica environment，socia cu -ture，po itica system，techno ogica ，economic impact and so on．On this basis，it proposes the interna mechanism of the evo ution of mountain urban spatia structure，that is，open and non-equi ibrium being the premise of the evo ution，the f uctuation and instabi ity being the cause of the evo ution，gradation and mutation being the approach to deve op，branch and choice being the path of the evo ution，and as we competition and cooperation being the force of evo ution．It a so summarizes the space-time coup ing mode of the evo ution of mountain urban space．Fina y，basing on the actua di emma of the evo ution of mountain urban space，with combining themechanisms，this study puts forward an approach of the construction and the optimization from the four aspects of the fu y open，eco ogica security，dynamic growth and efficient coordination．

It a ows us effective y to guide the deve opment to a stab e and sustaining direction by p anning program and contro ing process，and to promote the deve opment ofmountain urban space coup ed with the time，coordinated with the economy，coexisted with the environment．With a view of g oba ization，urbanization，at this acce erating deve opment stage，this paper provides ideas for the western city deve opment and optimization of themountain city spatia structure．

Key Words：

Mountain city；Spatia structure；Evo ution；Optimization strategy