太阳能光伏技术中的缺陷检测及应用方法简介

本章叙述了光伏检测技术，介绍了测试原理，同时展示了部分检测仪器。

I－V特性检测核心问题是准确性问题，为了实现准确的太阳电池检测，需要准确模拟标准测试条件（SRC），但模拟器不可能完全理想模拟，因此本章介绍模拟器的不均匀度和光谱不匹配度对测试准确性的影响，准确测试的一个关键环节是标准电池，本章介绍了标准的标定方法，包括空间AM0和AM1．5条件下的标定；光伏发电量的测量又是另一个重要问题，本章介绍了光伏系统和组件在实际工作条件下的性能评定方法，包括基于峰值功率和基于能量的性能评定方法。

缺陷检测小节介绍了生产中易导致太阳电池缺陷的工艺，分别介绍了四种检测太阳电池缺陷的方法，即超声波共振扫描，接触电阻扫描，光致发光方法，电致发光方法，非接触的红外响应探测技术实用性较强，其探测机制是利用半导体的发光原理，使用红外设备探测电池或组件表面的在光激发或电激发产生发光强度，形成图像并分析之，来判断缺陷种类和位置，因此被广泛应用。

量子效率测试小节给出了量子效率的定义，与光谱响应之间的关系，介绍了基于滤光片的测试系统和基于光栅单色仪的测试系统。

少子寿命测试分析小节给出了少子寿命的定义，介绍了光电导衰减法、准稳态光电导衰减法和微波反射光电导衰减法的测试原理和关键测试技术。

本项工作得到上海市太阳能学会的支持，同时感谢上海交通大学硕士刘峰、万松、肖娇、肖晨江、墨恺、彭小静、郭泽、曹建明、杜丽芳、张译文、葛彬彬以及柳晓辉博士等做出的突出研究工作，特别感谢上海赫爽太阳能科技有限公司张晓蕾提供技术信息。

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