鸣禽Oscines：全球鸣禽种类多样，鸣叫特殊

雀形目

鸣禽是指鸟纲中雀形目的鸟类。这些鸟类善于鸣叫，因此被称为鸣禽。它们用鸣管控制发音，鸣管结构复杂而发达，大多数种类的鸣禽有复杂的鸣肌附于鸣管的两侧。

鸣禽种类繁多，约占世界鸟类的五分之三，是鸟类中进化程度最高的类群，分布广泛，能够适应多种多样的生态环境。鸣禽多数树栖，少数地栖，其相互间的差异十分明显：外形和大小差异较大；食性各异；鸣声也因性别和季节的不同而有差异，繁殖季节的鸣声最为婉转响亮。常见的鸣禽有画眉、八哥、百灵、黄鹂、灰喜鹊、乌鸦、柳莺、大山雀、家燕等。

Oscines,or songbird,refers to those falling into the order of Passeriformes,which contains a variety of species found all over the world and can adapt to different environment.As its name indicates,songbird is characterized by its special call,which is produced by the syrinx,a complex but developed organ with syringeal muscles on both sides.

Songbirds take up three fifths of the totality of birds and are considered to have evolved to the highest degree.The majority of this order perches on trees while others rest on land,and they differ from each other in terms of appearance,diet and songs.(www.xing528.com)

知识链接

燕科Hirundinidae

本科鸟类在全球有79种，我国有10种。它们体型娇小，呈流线型，体羽大多为黑色或黑褐色；嘴部宽且平；具有狭长的翅膀和叉状的尾羽；脚、趾都比较短弱；长有完整的支气管环，这是其他鸣禽少有的。它们喜欢结群，以活动敏捷、擅长飞行而著称，喜欢在电线上栖息和在地面上啄泥。与人类关系密切，常在屋檐下筑巢，巢大多用泥土与杂草筑成。

In Hirundinidae family,there are,in total,79 species in the world,with 10 found in China.They are small and in streamlined shapes,which allows for efficient flight and swiftness,and their plumage are generally black or black-brown.The bill is wide but flat,with the wings being long and the tail feather deeply forked.Hirundinidae birds nest under the eaves with mud and grass.What distinguishes this family from others is that it has complete bronchial ring while others don’t.And their feet and toes are short and weak,so they can only perch on the electric wires or peck at mud on the ground.