(1)概括文章大意整体思路。找中心句(有的在段首,即总起句;有的在段尾,即总结句;也有的在中间议论部分或人物语言中)。抓住这一段的主要意思,用自己的话概括段意。用小标题的方式进行概括。
(2)概括段落大意的方法:
学会摘句法。
采用层意归并法。(层与层之间是并列关系)选取主要意思。在一段中写到几个内容,其中有主要内容,也有次要内容,在概括这类段落的段意时,就要对这些内容进行“筛选”,选取主要内容作为段意,删去次要内容。
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{真题展示8-5:我的伯父鲁迅先生}
基本要求:指导学生用小标题概论大意。
解析:本文通过描写鲁迅的神态、动作和语言,衬托鲁迅的人品。共写了鲁迅先生的5件事,第一件“趣谈水浒”、第二件事“笑谈碰壁”、第三件事“乐放烟花”、第四件事“救治车夫”、第五件事“关心女仆”。
解析思路:摘句归纳法、分层归纳法。
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{真题展示8-6:乌鸦喝水}
基本要求:指导学生有感情地朗读课文,指导学生划分段落。解析:本文共三个自然段,以“乌鸦”为主线,划分为“找水喝→喝不着→喝着水了”三个部分。以读为主,引导大家以“乌鸦”为主线,寻找每个自然段的重点词,如第一自然段“口渴、找水”,以此类推。
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{真题展示8-7:月球之谜}
基本要求:带学生理解文章大意。
解析:本文共7个自然段,共分为四个部分。采用摘句法总结大意。
第1自然段为第一部分,即“皓月当空的美好景象”,第2自然段为第二部分,即“人类第一次登上月球后看到的月面”,第3~6自然段为第三部分,即“与月球有关的未解之谜”,第7自然段为第四部分,即“人类将继续探索”。
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{真题展示8-8:鹬蚌相争}
基本要求:引导学生分析第2~3自然段,理解文章的大意。
解析:本文讲的是“鹬、蚌相争”的起因、发展、结果。
概括大意:第一部分描写了“鹬、蚌相争的原因”,即第1自然段;
第二部分描写了“鹬、蚌相争的情景”,即第2、3自然段;
第三部分描写了“鹬、蚌相争的结果”,即第4自然段。
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