更年期抑郁症：中药提高记忆力的实验研究

［摘要］目的　观察更年期抑郁症模型大鼠学习记忆力及海马形态结构的变化，研究补益肝肾中药的防治效果及作用机制。方法　雌性SD大鼠27只，随机分为去势组、模型组和中药组，每组9只。去势组除卵巢切除术外不给予任何应激，模型组在卵巢切除术的基础上，给予孤养加21天慢性不可预见性温和应激(CUMS)，中药组同模型组，但每次应激结束后，给予中药。采用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠的学习记忆力；光镜以及透射电镜观察大鼠海马组织结构。结果　21天应激后，模型组大鼠学习记忆力下降；HE染色显示模型组大鼠海马锥体细胞层变薄，细胞间隙增大，排列紊乱，疏松，细胞结构不完整，甚至有大量细胞缺失；透射电镜下，模型组海马神经元较少，细胞核呈现皱缩改变，核膜凹凸不整模糊不清，并有局部断裂；胞质内线粒体肿胀变性，嵴消失；与模型组相比，中药组大鼠学习记忆力改善，海马形态结构损伤不明显。结论　补益肝肾中药具有改善更年期抑郁症大鼠模型的学习记忆力，可能与其减轻海马损伤有关。

［关键词］慢性不可预见性温和应激；海马；超微结构；补益肝肾中药

Effect of Chinese medicine of replenishing the liver and kidney on spacial learning and memory abilities in perimenopausal depression model rats

［Abstract］Objective The study was to observe changes of learning and memory abilities and the ultrastructure of hippocampus，and to explore the effect of Chinese medicine of replenishing liver and kidney in perimenopausal depression model rats.Methods Twenty-seven female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(9 in each).Ovariectomized group was given ovariectomy，model group was established by resecting the ovaries，then giving isolation-housing in combination with 21 days of chronic unexpected mild stress(CUMS)，and medicine group，in addition to the same as model group，was given medicine each time after stress.Morris water maze was used to test learning and memory abilities.Light microscope and trans-mission electron microscope were used to observe the tissular structure of hippocampus.Results After resecting ovaries and 21 days of CUMS，spacial learning and memory abilities declined in model group rats，HE staining showed that hippocampal pyramidal cell layer became thiner，the gap between cells increased，and the cells arrayed in disorder，or even a large number of cells were lost；transmission electron microscope showed that there were less hippocampal neurons，the nuclei collapsed，the whole nuclear membranes were fuzzy，and there were some local fractures in the nuclear membrane，mitochondria were swollen and their ridges disappeared.Compared with model group，learning and memory abilities improved，and the hippocampus showed no obvious structural damage in medicine group rats.Conclusion Chinese medicine of replenishing liver and kidney has improved learning and memory abilities，which might be mediated through reducing hippocampal damage.(www.xing528.com)

［Key words］ chronic unexpected mild stress； hippocampus； ultrastructure； Chinese medicine of replenishing the liver and kidney

更年期抑郁症是诸多抑郁症中的一种类型，是特指初次发病于更年期(也称为围绝经期，是指从卵巢功能紊乱到绝经后1年)，以焦虑不安和情绪低落为主要症状的疾病，同时伴有思维迟缓和意志活动减退，即存在认知功能障碍［1］。中药在临床上应用确能收到一定的疗效。本研究采用的补益肝肾中药是临床上用于治疗妇女更年期抑郁症的基础方，该方的基本组成为知母、黄柏、巴戟天、仙茅、仙灵脾等，临床上在辨证论治的基础上使用此方加减治疗妇女更年期抑郁症，具有较好的效果，在前期的实验研究中，我们已观察到，补益肝肾中药具有改善更年期抑郁症的效果［2］，然而其对更年期抑郁症模型大鼠空间学习记忆的影响及作用机理还不清楚。因此，本文采用雌性SD大鼠，在卵巢切除术的基础上，联合孤养和21天慢性不可预见性温和刺激(CUMS)制备更年期抑郁症大鼠模型，观察补益肝肾中药对模型大鼠学习记忆力和海马形态结构的影响，探讨补益肝肾中药对模型大鼠空间学习记忆的影响及其作用机制。