琵琶演奏入门：右手空弦弹调-中英文版

The pipa has more than 30 different types of right hand playing techniques. Each technique is represented by different symbols. These symbols are marked above the notes. Tan-tiao and lun-zhi are the main right hand playing techniques. There are other right hand techniques, but most are based on these two fundamental techniques. It is important to learn tan-tiao and lun-zhi playing techniques well.

"Tan" ( \ ) means to use the index fingernail to plucks the string slightly outwards from right to left.

"Tiao" ( / ) means to use the back of the thumbnail to plucks the string slightly inwards from left to right.

琵琶右手指法有三十多种。每一个指法都用不同的符号来表示。这些符号写在音符的上方。弹、挑和轮指是琵琶右手最为重要的基本指法，其他右手指法绝大多数是从弹、挑和轮指中变化出来的。 所以学好弹、挑和轮指很重要。

“弹”（ \ ）是用右手食指的指甲从右向左稍微往外弹弦。

“挑”（ / ）是用右手大指的指甲侧面从左向右稍微往里挑弦。

Tan 弹 （ \ ）

Tiao 挑 （ / ）

The following steps will help when practicing the tan-tiao technique.

1.Imagine your right hand is holding an egg (see figure 1).

2.Your thumb should gently touch your index fingertip and make an round eye shape (see figure 2).

3.Hold this hand shape and naturally drop your right arm to the side of your body, then bend your elbow and move your arm to the front of pipa. Place the back side of your index fingernail near the first string (see figure 3 and figure 1). Do not bend your wrist. Hold your wrist in a straight line with your forearm (see figure 3).

4.Your arm should not touch the pipa body. It should be about 2 inches from the pipa's front panel (see figure 4).

5.The best location to pluck the string is about 1inches from the pipa's string holder.

以下的几点可以帮助你更好地掌握弹挑的练习方法：

1.想象你的右手握着一个鸡蛋，呈空心拳状（见图1）。

图1　Figure 1

2.大拇指指尖轻轻地碰着食指指尖，大拇指和食指间形成一个圆眼形（见图2）。

图2　Figure 2

3.保持这一空心拳状手型，把你的右手臂自然垂直在你的身旁，然后再把你的手移到琵琶前面食指指甲尖的背面靠近一弦。手腕不要拱起也不要往里压，手腕和前臂保持自然直线（见图3和图1）。

图3　Figure 3

4.你的手臂要离开琵琶面板大约2英寸，手臂不能碰到琴板（见图4）。

图4　Figure 4

5.手指弹弦的最好位置，是离复手大约1英寸半的地方。

OPEN STRING TAN-TIAO EXERCISE 1

空弦弹挑练习 1

Exercise A 练习A

Exercise B 练习B(www.xing528.com)

Exercise C 练习C

While practicing the above exercises, follow the 5 steps of tan-tiao techniques instructions on page 14-15.Count the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 with smooth speed while practicing above exercises. In exercise A and B, your finger plucks the string when you count 1, and immediately relax your hand when you count 2, 3, 4. In exercise C, your index, thumb fingers pluck the string when you count 1, 2, and immediately relax your hand when you count 3, 4.

以上练习，按第14页和第15页上的5点基本要求去练习，并用平稳的速度数1、2、3、4。练习A和B时，当你数1的时候手指弹弦；数2、3、4时你的手要放松。练习C时，当你数1、2的时候食指、大拇指弹弦；数3、4时你的手要放松。

OPEN STRING TAN-TIAO EXERCISE 2

空弦弹挑练习 2

Exercise A 练习A

Exercise B 练习B

Review the tan-tiao practice methods before practicing the above exercises. Keep your hand in a natural, relaxed tan-tiao position all the times. Start practicing slowly and then gradually speed up. Every time you play your pipa, you should start with these two tan-tiao rhythm patterns to warm up your fingers.

练习前，复习前面讲过的弹、挑要求。练习时要保持自然、放松的弹、挑手形，速度应从慢到快。以后每次练琴应该先弹奏以上弹、挑节奏练习，以活动你的手指。

KANGAROO

袋 鼠

BABY HORSE

小 马

A box around the tan-tiao marks means to use the same tan-tiao pattern for all measures.

把右手指法符号写在方格里，表示从开始到结束都用弹、挑演奏。

THE CLOWN

小 丑

THE TRAIN IS COMING

火 车 进 城

While playing above four open string tones, your hand should be relaxed when moving between strings. Do not move your arm significantly. Keep your hand shape like you're holding an egg (an open fist). Keep your thumb and index finger close to each other in the shape of an eye.

弹奏以上4首空弦乐曲时，手要放松，手臂动作不能移动太大。大拇指和食指尽量靠近保持一个眼形，手掌保持空心拳状。

POLARIS

北 极 星

Pay attention to the dotted notes beat values. 注意符点音符节奏要准确。