尽管近年来对人胃微生物群的研究取得了很大的进展,但这方面的研究还很有限。虽然已经发表了一些关于胃癌发生过程中胃微生物组的论文,但应谨慎对待不同的技术方法的结果。此外,还应考虑到种群在地理起源、遗传背景和环境暴露方面的差异。虽然胃癌中存在的微生物群落明显不同于慢性胃炎中的微生物群落,但对胃癌前组织学阶段的微生物组仍缺乏研究。对大量临床明确的患者群体的研究将是确定微生物失调在癌症进展中作用的关键。从描述性研究转向功能性研究,研究胃黏膜中特定分类群和(或)细菌衍生代谢物的作用,将有助于深入了解导致与失调有关的遗传毒性和营养不良的机制。揭示这些机制将为将微生物组学研究转化为预防、诊断和治疗方面的改进,以控制和减少胃癌负担奠定基础。
(魏良洲 冯 璐)
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