通过阐明微生物在食管癌的发生、发展过程中的作用及作用机制,我们希望开发一种防治食管癌的新的疗法和干预策略。然而,目前关于食管微生物组的研究,大多数都只是涉及疾病状态下的食管微生物组的表征特点。虽然这些研究指出微生物群的变化与GERD、BE、食管癌等疾病有关,但缺乏因果关系的有力证据。而有关特定微生物在食管癌发生过程中的作用及作用机制研究则非常缺乏。因此需要更多前瞻性研究去追踪疾病进展过程中微生物组的纵向变化,以及去研究探索各种干预措施对食管微生物组的影响。这样既可以确定潜在的疾病风险靶向目标,还可以探索临床实用的疾病生物标志物。如果研究证实微生物群的某些变化会导致食管疾病的风险增加,那么进一步确定特定的微生物对增加或减少发病风险的作用及相关作用机制将是一个非常重要的研究领域,同时,进一步确定抗生素或益生菌等调节菌群的方法,也将是今后重要的研究领域。
(李培彩 唐艳萍)
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