国内外研究均提示多数FAPS患者伴有精神心理障碍,他们比健康对照组具有更多的精神压力和焦虑,应用抗抑郁治疗不仅可以改善其精神心理障碍,而且可以明显提高疗效。氟哌噻吨美利曲辛(黛力新)属于三环类抗焦虑抑郁的混合型制剂,是氟哌噻吨和美利曲辛两种成分的合剂,前者为兴奋性神经组织,能促进多巴胺的合成和释放,使突触间隙中多巴胺的含量增加,从而发挥抗焦虑的作用,后者是一种双相抗抑郁剂,可以抑制突触前膜对去甲肾上腺素及5-羟色胺的再摄取作用,提高突触间隙的单胺类递质的含量。两种成分的合剂具有协同的抗焦虑和抗抑郁的作用,而且应用黛力新治疗效果欠佳的患者还可以加用抗抑郁药物以增加疗效,具有简便易行的特点。研究表明,对伴有焦虑和(或)抑郁的两组不同类型的患者,在常规治疗的基础上加用氟哌噻吨美利曲辛的有效率明显升高,且不良反应较少,表明氟哌噻吨美利曲辛在改善患者精神情绪状态的同时,对消化道症状也有一定的疗效,这种症状的缓解作用可能是通过改善肠道的感觉功能而实现的。亦有研究表明,部分有睡眠障碍的患者应用氟哌噻吨美利曲辛后,睡眠质量得到不同程度的改善,从而提高生活质量。
随着认识的加深,研究发现微生态制剂与胃肠动力药物/抗抑郁药物联合应用可获得较好的治疗效果。氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片联合布拉酵母菌对于伴有焦虑和抑郁状态的功能性肠病患者的胃肠道症状具有良好的控制作用。联合治疗不仅可以有效改善患者焦虑抑郁症状,而且可以有效改善患者的消化道症状,优于单纯使用布拉酵母菌治疗组。口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂联合莫沙比利或单药治疗均能改善患者的症状。
综上所述,FAP是最常见的FGID之一,其症状发生与动力紊乱、内脏高敏感性、黏膜和免疫功能的改变、肠道菌群的改变以及CNS处理功能异常存在密切的关系。随着研究的进展,肠道微生态在其发生机制及治疗中的作用得以认识。肠道微生态在其发生及治疗中的作用机制仍有待进一步研究阐明,其与其他FAP治疗药物联合应用可获得更加理想的治疗效果。合理应用肠道微生态调节剂有望成为FAP有效的治疗措施之一。
(任琳琳)
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