中国人常说：“没什么不要没钱，有什么不要有病。”随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越关注身体健康和生命质量。
Chinese people have a saying: “If you are without anything, don't be without money; if you've got anything, don't let it be illness.” Improving living standards have also led to people's paying greater attention to health and quality of life.
当代中国人的健康状况有了很大改善，其中一个显著标志是人均寿命大大延长。据统计，中国人的平均预期寿命从1981年的67.9岁提高到了2016年的76.5岁。[1]
One of the clearest indicators of improving health in contemporary China is the significant increase in average life expectancy. According to statistics, Chinese average life expectancy has risen to 76.5 in 2016 from 67.9 in 1981.
中国现行的社会保障制度，是从20世纪80年代起开始实行的。改革开放前的中国社会保障制度是“单位”保障制度：个人不直接负担保障费用，由单位（如城镇企业、事业单位、人民公社、生产大队等）按照国家给每个人规定的社会身份（如干部、工人、农民等），给予不同的保障待遇。改革后的中国社会保障制度，是社会化的社会保障制度。保障资金来源由一个变成多个。
The current social security system in China began to be implemented in the 1980s. Before the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy, China's social security system was dependent on a person's “unit” (which could be a state-owned or collectively-owned enterprise, public institution, People's Commune, or production brigade for those in the countryside). Social security premiums were paid differently on behalf of individuals by their “unit” according to their status assigned by the government (e.g. official, worker, farmer, etc.). The reformed China's social security system is a socialized social security system. The source of security funds changes from one to multiple.
按照新的社会保障制度，城镇所有企业及其职工都必须交纳养老保险费。企业的交费比例是企业工资总额的20%，个人交费比例为本人工资的8%。城镇个体户与自由职业者自主参加。2018年底，城镇职工和城乡居民基本养老保险参保人数合计为94,293.3万人2018年，养老保险基金总收入55,005.3亿元。同期，养老保险总支出47,550.4亿元。[2]
According to the new social security system, all enterprises in urban areas and their employees must pay into the state pension fund, which is made up of 20% of an enterprise's total wages and salaries paid to the staff and 8% of the employees' wages and salaries. Self-employed individuals and freelancers have the right to decide for themselves whether to participate or not. At the end of 2018, the number of urban enterprise employees, as well as urban and rural residents enrolled in the basic state pension, reached 942.933 million, with a total income of pension insurance fund of 5,500.53 billion yuan and an expenditure of 4,755.04 billion yuan in 2018.
改革前的医疗保险制度是公费医疗制度，职工的医疗费用由单位报销。按照新的医疗保险制度，医疗保险基金由单位与职工共同负担，保障的是“基本疾病”的“基本治疗”。据国务院新闻办公室于2017年9月29日发布的《中国健康事业的发展与人权进步》，截至2016年底，全国基本医疗保险参保人数超过13亿人，城乡基本医疗保险覆盖率稳固在95%以上。
Before the reforms, medical care was free for anyone employed by a state-owned enterprise, with medical bills paid for by the enterprise. According to the new medical insurance system, both enterprises and their employees pay for the medical insurance, which covers “basic treatment” for “basic illnesses”. According to Development of China's Public Health as an Essential Element of Human Rights issued by the State Council Information Office on September 29, 2017, by the end of 2016, basic medical insurance had more than 1.3 billion recipients nationwide—a coverage of over 95%.
2018年底，中国有医疗卫生机构997,433家（床位840.4万张），其中医院33,009家（床位652.0万张）。[3]
At the end of 2018, there were 997,443 medical institutions (with 8.404 million sickbeds), including 33,009 hospitals (with 6.520 million hospital beds) across China.
2018年底，全国卫生人员有1,230.7万人。卫生技术人员951.9万人，其中，执业医师及执业助理医师360.7万人，注册护士409.9万人。[4]
At the end of 2018, there were 12.307 million employees in China's medical sector, including 9.519 million medical professionals, of whom there were 3.607 million practicing doctors and assistant doctors, and 4.099 million registered nurses.(www.xing528.com)
中医是中国的传统医学，中医在中国仍然是治疗疾病的传统手段之一。利用拔罐祛除湿气、活通经络，利用针灸刺激穴位等治疗手段，已逐渐走出国门，受到越来越多人的欢迎。
The term “traditional Chinese medicine” (TCM) is used to refer to traditional medicinal practices used in China. TCM is still used as one of the traditional means to treat diseases. Cupping to remove dampness and activate channels in one's body and stimulating acupoints with acupuncture and moxibustion are effective therapies, which have gradually spread to other parts of the world and have been accepted by more and more people.
拔罐 Cupping
词汇NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
[1]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室，中国健康事业的发展与人权进步，（2017-09-29）[2018-08-24]，http://www.xinhuanet.com/2017-09/29/c_1121747583.htm。
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, Development of China's Public Health as an Essential Element of Human Rights,（2017-09-29）[2018-08-24], http://www.xinhuanet.com/2017-09/29/c_1121747583.htm.
[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局，《中国统计年鉴2019》，中国统计出版社，2019年，http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2019/indexch.htm。
National Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistical Abstract 2019, China Statistics Press, 2019. http:// www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2019/indexch.htm.
[3]中华人民共和国国家统计局，《中国统计摘要2019》，中国统计出版社，2019年，第182页。
National Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistical Abstract 2019, China Statistics Press, 2019, p.182.
[4]中华人民共和国国家统计局，《中国统计摘要2019》，中国统计出版社，2019年，第183页。
National Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistical Abstract 2019, China Statistics Press, 2019, p.183.
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