近年来，中国通信事业发展迅速。固定电话、移动电话、电脑、宽带网络迅速走进千家万户，成为人们日常生活中不可缺少的部分。
China's communications industry has been developing rapidly in recent years.Landline telephones, mobile phones, computers and broadband networks have quickly entered innumerable households, becoming an indispensible part of people's daily life.
20世纪80年代前，对于中国老百姓来说，电话是一件很奢侈的用品。那时候，一般只有工作单位里才有电话。从20世纪80年代开始，电话开始进入普通家庭。但在当时，在家里装上一部电话也不是一件容易的事情，因为那时安装电话，先要交纳几千元安装费，这对普通家庭来说，并不是一个小数目。20世纪90年代后期开始，电话安装费逐渐降低，最终取消，电话普及的速度越来越快。如今，拥有家庭电话已经是很平常的事情。
相比起固定电话，移动电话（手机）的发展更加迅速。20世纪90年代移动电话刚进入中国时，由于价格昂贵，只有很少人用得起。那时候的移动电话体积比较大，像一块砖，被人们称为“大哥大”，在当时是地位高和有钱的象征。而如今，一个收入非常普通的劳动者或一个中小学生，也用得起移动电话。据统计，2018年底，平均每一百个中国家庭拥有249.1部移动电话。[1]
电话的普及在某种意义上改变了人们的生活方式。比如，以前每逢春节，人们都要到很多亲戚朋友家拜年，这已经成为一种习俗。如今，几乎每个家庭都有了电话以后，人们很多时候，尤其是对于住得比较远的亲戚，就通过打电话的方式拜年。所以，春节这天从零点起，就进入了电话最繁忙的时段。这些年，随着移动电话的普及，发短信拜年的人也越来越多，而近几年随着微信的流行，通过微信文字、语音或视频拜年的人也多了起来。
It wasn't until the 1980s that telephones began to enter ordinary households.Before this, they were considered a luxury for ordinary Chinese people, and were usually only available in work places. But it was not easy then to have a telephone installed at home, because one had to pay an installation charge of thousands of yuan,which was a large sum for an ordinary family. From the late 1990s, the installation charge gradually declined until it was canceled. As a result, the number of people using telephones was increasing more and more quickly. Currently, it is very common to have a home telephone.
Compared with the landline telephones, mobile phones (cell phones) have developed even more rapidly. When the mobile phone first entered China in the 1990s,it was unaffordable for most people due to its high price. In those days, the mobile phone was very big, about the size of a brick. It was called da ge da (Big Brother),a symbol of high status and great wealth then. But today, even people with average incomes, or even school children can afford one. According to statistics, at the end of 2018, on average, for every 100 households in China there were 249.1 mobile phones.
In a sense, the popularization of telephones has changed people's lifestyle. For example, in the past, during the Spring Festival holiday, people would go to many relatives' and friends' homes to pay a New Year call, which has become a custom.But today, with telephones in almost every household, people often choose to call relatives to offer New Year's greetings, especially those who live far away. Therefore,the Spring Festival has entered the busiest telephone time since midnight. Along with the popularization of mobile phones in recent years, more and more people also use text messages, to send New Year's greetings, or, more recently, via text, voice or video messages on the social media platform WeChat.
手机、电脑在日常生活中的使用 The Use of Mobile Phones and Computers in Daily Life
进入21世纪以来，电脑已经逐渐成为非常常见的家庭设备。2018年，城镇居民平均每一百个家庭拥有73.1台电脑，而在2000年，这一数字仅为9.7。2018年，农村居民每一百个家庭拥有26.9台电脑。[2]
随着电脑的普及，上网的人越来越多。据中国互联网络信息中心统计，截至2018年6月，中国的网民已达8.02亿，互联网普及率达57.7%。如今，手机逐渐成为网民最常用的上网设备，有98.3%的网民通过手机上网。[3]
从通信方式来说，由于电话、电脑、网络的普及，现在发电报、到邮局寄信的人越来越少了。新技术的应用，深刻地改变着人们的生活方式。
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the computer has become a piece of very common household equipment. In 2018, on average, for every 100 urban households there were 73.1 computers, while in 2000 this figure was only 9.7. Also in 2018, for every 100 rural households there were 26.9 computers.
As people now have easy access to computers, more and more people are surfing the Internet. According to the statistics of China Internet Network Information Center,the number of Chinese netizens had climbed to 802 million by the end of June 2018,meaning that 57.7% of the population were then online. Today cell phones have gradually become the most common equipment by which netizens surf the web, with 98.3% of netizens choosing using a mobile device to get online.
These days, in terms of the means of communications, the telephone, computer and Internet are so popular that fewer and fewer people go to the post office to send a telegraph or post a letter. The application of new technology is profoundly changing the way people live.(www.xing528.com)
北京（010）、广州（020）、上海（021）、天津（022）、重庆（023）、沈阳（024）、南京（025）、武汉（027）、成都（028）、西安（029）。
Beijing (010), Guangzhou (020), Shanghai (021), Tianjin (022),Chongqing (023), Shenyang (024), Nanjing (025), Wuhan (027), Chengdu(028), Xi'an (029).
中国手机号码由十一个数字组成。开始时手机号码都是以“13”开头，后来出现了“15”“18”“17”开头的号码。从前三个数字一般可以看出这个号码属于哪个网络运营商。如“130”是中国联通的号码，“133”是中国电信的号码，“139”是中国移动的号码。
China's cell phone numbers are made up of 11 digits. At first, all the numbers started with “13”. In the past several years, numbers beginning with “15”, “18” or “17” have begun to appear. Judging from the first three digits, it is possible to tell which network operator the number belongs to.For example, numbers beginning with “130” belong to China Unicom, “133” China Telecom and “139” China Mobile.
中国的邮政编码由六个数字组成。例如，北京外国语大学的邮政编码是100089。
China's zip codes are made up of six digits. For instance, Beijing Foreign Studies University's zip code is 100089.
词汇NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局，《中国统计摘要2019》，中国统计出版社，2019年，第58页。
National Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistical Abstract 2019, China Statistics Press, 2019, p.58.
[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局，《中国统计摘要2019》，中国统计出版社，2019年，第58页。
National Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistical Abstract 2019, China Statistics Press, 2019, p.58.
[3]第42次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》，（2018-08-21）[2018-08-20]，http://www.cac.gov.cn/201808/20/c_1123296882.htm。
The 42nd Statistical Report on the Development of China's Internet, (2018-08-21) [2018-08-20]，http://www. cac.gov.cn/2018-08/20/c_1123296882.htm.
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