1988 年生,漫画家、国际日本文化研究中心共同研究员,北京外国语大学日语学院原外籍教师(2015—2018 年)。他曾任神户艺术工科大学漫画表现学科实习助教,并在漫画家大塚英志主办的《世界漫画塾》系列讲座中担任助理讲师。2015 年被聘为北京外国语大学日语学院专家。此后三年,在北外日语学院教授日式漫画创作方式,并以此作为日语与日本文化论教学中的一环。主要作品有《FACELESS- フェイスレス -》(FACELESS)、《鉄扇公主》(《铁扇公主》)等。
作者:浅野龙哉
译者:姜笑宇
来到北京外国语大学日语系(现日语学院),我经历了人生中无数的“第一次”。北外成了我在中国生活的第一站,还为我提供了首个讲台。初为人师,我各种手忙脚乱,但老师们对我都很温柔。最重要的是,学生们都活力满满,才华横溢。身为日本人,我有时候甚至不知道该教些什么才好。
北京外国語大学、日本語学部(現在は日本語学院)との出会いは、私にとって、たくさんの初めての連続でした。初めての中国の生活のスタートの場所が北京外国語大学でしたし、何より教師としての生活も北京外国語大学が初めてでした。初めての教師生活に四苦八苦する私に同僚の先生方はとても優しくしてくれましたし、何より、学生たちはみんなとても活気、才能に溢れ、私が日本人として、教えられることがあるのかと思うくらい優秀な学生ばかりでした。
在北外,我每天都不曾停下学习的脚步。我一直在尽可能地想给我的学生们多带来些什么。于是,我发挥自己画漫画、讲故事的能力,在不断的试错中完善自己的教学。
毎日毎日が勉強でした。学生たちに少しでも、何か与えることができるのか、私の持つ、漫画や物語る力も合わせて、試行錯誤しながら、授業を作っていきました。
那段摸索尝试的日子,可能在同学们心里留下了笨拙生疏的印象吧。我有许多没做好的地方,还要跟同学们说一声抱歉。但是,那段时间里,我每一天都过得非常开心,有一种和同学们共同完成一堂课的感觉。作为老师,与其说是我在传道授业,倒不如说我从同学们身上学到了很多。
その日々は、学生たちにとっては不慣れな教師として見えたかもしれません。失敗もたくさんしました。ごめんね。でも、私はその一日一日が、とても楽しかったです。学生と一緒に授業を作っている、そういう感覚でした。教師として、教えるより、私は学生たちに多くのことを教えられたと思います。
▲ 浅野老师给北外学生做漫画讲座
我一直认为:学生的存在是成为老师的必要条件。无论自己有多么多的知识,没有教学的对象就不能成为教师。所以,我很幸运。因为有北外日语系(日语学院)的同学们,我才收获了身为教师的宝贵经历。
これは、ずっと思っていることなのですが、教師は、学生がいなければ、教師になれません。どれだけ知識があっても、教える相手がいなければ、教師にはなれないのです。だから、幸運なことに北京外国語大学、日本語学部(日本語学院)の学生たちが私の眼の前にいてくれたことで、私は教師になれたのです。
因此,我对日语系(日语学院)的同学们,只有道不尽的感谢:真的,真的,谢谢大家。
だから、日本語学部(日本語学院)の学生には、とてもとても、今でも感謝しています。本当に、本当にありがとう。
多亏了北京外国语大学日语系(日语学院)的老师们以及同学们,我才能适应在中国的生活。
中国での生活の基盤を築いてくれたのは、紛れもなく、北京外国語大学、日本語学部(日本語学院)の先生を始め、学生たちです。
北外在我心里留下了深深的回忆,那里有很多温暖、优秀的老师们和同学们。今年北外建校八十周年,我衷心祝贺北外生日快乐,祝愿北外蒸蒸日上,华章永续,北外的师生们幸福健康,鹏程万里。
そんな思い出深く、素敵な人が集まる場所である、北京外国語大学が 80 周年ということ、本当におめでとうございます。多くの素敵な先生方々と素敵な学生たちが集まる場所として、これからも発展していくことを願っております。
そして、北京外国語大学を卒業した学生たちが、幸せな日々を送っていることを願って…。
记者,秘鲁官方日报《秘鲁人报》评论版主编,北京外国语大学西班牙语葡萄牙语学院原外籍教师(2018—2019 年)。
胡里奥·潘杜罗曾教授西班牙语口语、西班牙语阅读与评论、西班牙语演讲与辩论等课程。他从事专业记者二十余载,敏锐捕捉并分析时局、国际形势,同时从事大学教师工作十五载。在教学中,他不断实践创新、遵循人文主义教学模式、支持新兴技术在课堂教学中的运用。他曾获秘鲁天主教大学最受欢迎教师、秘鲁圣马丁大学最受欢迎教师等荣誉。
When I think of Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU), only beautiful memories come to my mind of the beautiful experience I had at the best language university in China. Without a doubt, I lived unforgettable days by sharing moments with students interested in learning Spanish, but above all, by becoming an apprentice of Chinese culture.
My first encounter with BFSU was in 2017, when as a Latin American journalist I attended Chinese language classes and interesting talks about the government system. I was fascinated by Chinese history and also very impressed to observe on-campus students concentrating on practicing languages so diverse and different from Mandarin. They were making great efforts to learn such complex languages as Arabic, as well as my native language Spanish. To accomplish this, they needed the best teachers available.
▲ 2017 年“中国—拉丁美洲和加勒比新闻交流中心”项目
I had 15 years of experience as a writing teacher in Peru, my native country,and I felt that I could contribute a lot as a Spanish teacher at BFSU. I was very happy to have been accepted into the Faculty of Hispanic and Portuguese Studies with a position teaching second-, third- and fourth-year students. I was determined to impart my knowledge of the Spanish language to them.
I came to BFSU in March 2018 and my great life experience began.Although jetlag and the fatigue of flying 24 hours between Latin America and Asia affected me, the day a after I arrived I was on time for my first class at 8 in the morning.
The students in my classes were charming, very curious, intelligent and with a very high level of Spanish, which surprised me a lot. That forced me to improve my classes so that they receive new topics to discuss, talk and interact in class. I was even more happy when I saw that the students showed a willingness to learn.
That was just the beginning. Unlike many foreign professors who lived in the west campus, I was assigned to the east campus, near the library, the central pond surrounded by flowers, the central student dining room, the classrooms where they taught Mandarin classes, and from the famous wall with the word “library” in various languages, the most emblematic place in BFSU, where people take pictures next to its beautiful structure.
The closeness of my room to daily student life was very rewarding.Almost daily I met students who wanted to interview me for their university assignments, or wanted to practice their English or Spanish with me, but they also approached me to find out where I came from, why I decided to work at BFSU, what my country knew about China, among many more questions. It was the best way to make friends, especially in the dining room, because I decided to go to the student dining room, where they were more relaxed to talk.
▲ 北外图书馆
▲ 胡里奥与北外 2014 级西班牙语专业部分同学合照
The days began to advance and I felt more and more at home. I began to get to know every corner of the campus, its beautiful gardens where it was a pleasure to sit and read, the narrow streets between student pavilions, and that beautiful pond that in the summer was an inescapable meeting place for young Chinese and foreigners. It was a pleasure to go out to class every morning and find near the door of the building where I lived a beautiful tree, whose colors changed with each season of the year, and for me, the most beautiful moment was autumn, when its leaves turned bright and almost red.
▲ 北外秋色
But life at BFSU wasn’t just about class work. The university has an interesting and varied cultural offer that I tried to make the most of. On many occasions I went to information fairs and foreign food festivals,where I always met new people. I understood that BFSU was a modern Babel, where many people of different languages met, but unlike the mythical biblical tower, here the understanding was great despite the marked cultural differences.
The activities that I enjoyed the most were the dubbing, singing and story contests.On those occasions, I acted as a judge and checked the effort of each member of the participating groups, and when I was not part of the jury, I advised them to carry out a more efficient work that would allow them to obtain first place in the competition and feel satisfaction because of the work done.
▲ 胡里奥指导的北外 2015 级学生王云芃获得“西班牙语之星”全国演讲大赛第一名
One of my proudest moments was when I helped the student Wáng Yúnpéng (王云芃) to participate in the 2018 national competition speaking (“西班牙语之星”全国演讲大赛), where the best Spanish students from all over the country participated and our student from BFSU won first place. What pride and joy for everyone! That contest proved once again why our university is considered the best in China for language teaching.
Another good experience was my work at the Beijing Foreign Studies University Affiliated High School (北京外国语大学附属中学), where I shared good times with the students of the first year of junior high school (初一) ,who were very diligent children because in their young age they already knew three languages: Mandarin, English and Spanish. It was a challenge for me to find a suitable method for them to learn the Spanish language, but the results were positive because at the end of the course, their writing and speaking skills improved significantly.
That is how I discovered something important: the students who enter BFSU are the most qualified in the entire country, and their selection is extremely strict in the Gāokǎo (高考). In fact, students have a very strong basis in Spanish because they have been studying that language since high school. For this reason, the level they reach is quite high and their job options are growing a lot abroad.
▲ 胡里奥与北外附属中学初一学生一起徜徉于西班牙语世界
▲ 2019 年,西班牙语葡萄牙语学院本硕毕业生合照
I discovered the true prestige of BFSU with several students that I forged a beautiful friendship, with whom I maintain contact until today through WeChat. BFSU students are well known by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to the point that around 400 ambassadors and more than 2,000 advisers graduated from this university and that is why BFSU is known as the “cradle of diplomats” and is praised for offering the widest range of language studies in China. The university consistently ranks among the top 100 international universities for Linguistics, as ranked by the QS World University Rankings by Subjects.
Knowing these characteristics, I was very proud to have been a professor at BFSU. But I have more satisfaction to know that one of my former students is already an official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, another is preparing as a diplomat, and some have already got important jobs in countries such as the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Venezuela, Panama, Argentina, Ecuador and also in Peru, my country, where there are two former students of my class, with whom I talk very often. BFSU thus becomes a bridge of friendship between China and Latin America.
Along with being proud to have been a part of BFSU, I am happy to have learned so much about Chinese youth. It is the most rewarding experience I have ever had in my life. I hope to return soon to share with them, and thus contribute to their professional training.Thank you BFSU for this life learning that I achieved.
汉迪自 2015 年起于北京外国语大学亚洲学院担任印尼语专业讲师,同时为全校开设爪哇语三外选修课程。作为印度尼西亚加查马达大学语言学硕士,汉迪熟练掌握印尼语、爪哇语、英语和汉语。研究专长为语言学、印度尼西亚语言文学、爪哇语言文学、印尼历史文化等。出版专著《印度尼西亚语教程》,参与北京外国语大学“中国—印度尼西亚人文交流研究中心”国别区域研究专项。
作者:汉迪
译者:刘洋
老师像蜡烛,燃烧自己,照亮他人。
我亲爱的朋友:
近来好吗?久不通函,至以为念。
不知你是否还记得七年前我和你的约定,我说将来要当老师。现在我想告诉你,我已经成为一名大学老师,而在这所大学教书的经历,将让我终生难忘。
2015 年,我第一次走进这所大学。我在北京外国语大学教书。人们说这里是“外交官的摇篮”。我的朋友,想来你对北京并不陌生。但在此之前,我确实对北京知之甚少。我只知道北京有宏伟的长城和庄严的紫禁城。
▲ 汉迪与 2017 级印尼语本科生(摄于 2019 年)
印尼有句谚语:“求学哪怕远到中国。”这句古老谚语所说的或许是求学不怕远,又或许正是说人们应该到那时繁盛的中国唐朝求学。我觉得第二个说法更准确。能在中国教书,在北外教书,是我莫大的荣幸。在这里,我不仅讲授知识,也学习知识。确实,最好的求知方式就是讲授知识。
我现在可以用汉语流利地交流了,能够感受和理解中国的人文、历史和艺术。这一切都因为我每天都充满学习新事物的热情,并享受其中的乐趣。我想,作为一名老师,终身学习是本职。
刚来到北外的时候,我惊叹于学生丰富的课外活动。他们锻炼身体,早起读书,学习乐器,举行研讨会。学生们的活动让校园充满了生机。你不会在这座校园里感到冷清,反而会被注入工作的热情。北外学生积极的态度也让我的身心青春洋溢。
北外确实不像中国其他大学那样占地广阔,但绿化设计很用心,处处皆风景。这座校园绝不仅是钢筋混凝土的堆砌,而是爱与思念的融合。北外的每个角落都保存着珍贵的回忆,即便离开,也总想回来。
我打心底佩服北外园林工作者的用心良苦。北外的一草一木都让人心旷神怡。如果我有机会认识他们,我想对他们说一声感谢。他们打理这么多美丽的花丛,真是很大的功劳。北外的一年四季,都有好景。
如果有人问我,是什么让你在北外有了家的感觉?我会回答,是我的学生们。北外的学生可不简单。他们都是经过刻苦用功,在高考中取得了优异成绩才进入北外学习的。所以我的学生都很优秀,他们聪明且勤奋。
在北外教书期间,我从未见过学生在我的课堂上偷懒。他们求知若渴。这样的态度也让我更加有干劲,我真想把我所有的知识和本事都传授给他们,装满他们的行囊,使他们自信面对未来。
如果你不相信北外学生如此刻苦学习,你可以去早上八点前的图书馆门前看一看。图书馆八点开馆,但在那之前,你就可以看到在图书馆门口排起的长队。如果你晚一点去图书馆,一定会发现那里座无虚席。
如果你觉得这是因为图书馆座位太少了,那你可以在不是饭点的时候去食堂看看。在食堂的座位上,也有很多学生在勤奋学习。除了这两个地方,还有许多空闲教室也少不了自习学生的身影。
我再跟你说说他们上课的情景。他们总是按时到教室,甚至有一两个学生提前半个小时就到教室预习课上要学的内容。他们积极听讲,做笔记,提问题。不仅如此,更重要的是他们还能做到学以致用。正如那句名言所说:“读万卷书不如行万里路。”而任何一名老师都会为拥有这样的学生感到幸福。
大多数来北外的学生都会学习外语。北外开设了一百余种语言课程,可能是全世界开设语言课程最丰富的学校了。正如中国有句格言:“学一门语言,就是多一扇观察世界的窗户。”对于北外学生来说,外语不仅为他们提供了更广阔的观察世界的视野,也拓宽了他们的事业边界。通过学习外语,他们有更多机会去国外学习,体验不同的生活。在国外学习和生活的经历一定是非常难忘的。
我很幸运能在北外教书。我会为学生尽己所能,教他们外语、文化和了解一个陌生的国家。我希望在他们掌握这些知识之后,能够助力于中印两国关系的友好未来。我认为,有文化、有智慧的人应当懂得相互理解和协力合作,而不是相互猜疑和盲目敌对,应该懂得公正地思考,就像印尼大文学家普拉姆迪亚所说:“一个受过教育的人在思想上就应不偏不倚,更何况行为。”我相信当宽容与和平受到守护,我们的世界将更美好。
我想再一次向你表达我的心意,当一名老师于我是光荣的使命。“高手贵于低手。”这句印尼格言的意思是给予胜于接受。在北京外国语大学教书是我十分宝贵的经历。
这就是我和北外的故事。希望我的故事能给你带来力量。在我回国之后,很想见你一面。多多保重。来自中国北京的问候。
你的朋友:汉迪
2021 年 4 月于北京
葛潘·纳卜芭副教授于 1992 年第一次来到北京外国语大学,之后分别于 1999 年、2004 年和 2005 年,三次来到北外短期任教,并自 2005 年开始扎根中国,在北外担任泰语专家至今已经十余年。作为一个著作等身、年过七旬的老人,她本应在到达退休年纪后功成身退,但是对教育事业的热爱、对学生的负责让她始终离不开这个她奋斗了一生的岗位。
葛潘生于 1945 年,于泰国朱拉隆功大学获得了文学学士学位和教育学士学位。2015 年 10 月,清迈皇家大学向葛潘颁发了泰国语言文学专业名誉博士学位,以表彰她在教育事业上的无私奉献和在学术生涯中的辉煌成就。2005 年 6 月,葛潘获得北京外国语大学优秀外国专家奖,同年 9 月获得中国政府友谊奖。2014 年 4 月 27 日,她获国家外国专家局“我最喜爱的外教”称号,并于 2013 年、2014 年分别受到温家宝总理和李克强总理的接见。2016 年,葛潘入选北京市外国专家局“融智北京”高端外国专家。2017 年5 月,她在“枫叶杯·我与外教”全国大赛中当选“外教中国”年度人物。
作者:葛潘·纳卜芭
译者:刘思雨 元元
29 年前,1992 年 3 月 1 日,我来到北京外国语大学教授泰语。当时我是北京外国语大学与泰国清迈师范大学(现为清迈皇家大学)间的第二位交换教师。两校签订的校际学术交流协议后来也得到了两国教育部的承认和高度认可。
▲ 葛潘与北外泰语专业学生参加宋干节活动
作为泰语教师,我的工作成果算得上令人满意。我不仅教授泰语,还鼓励学生参加了泰国驻华大使馆举办的“歌颂诗丽吉王后”主题写作大赛。这次比赛是大使馆为庆祝建馆五周年而首次举办的。到场的泰国外交官、工作人员以及参会的泰国朋友都被北外学子的文采所折服。北外学生的优秀作品还被转送到了泰国外交部。
春秋代序几十载,两校砥砺奋进创辉煌。泰国曼谷王朝九世王普密蓬陛下为清迈师范大学亲赐校名——清迈皇家大学。与此同时,北外也开拓进取硕果累累。犹记得初到北外时,北外只开设了 32 个语种,规划将增设至 40 个。而时至今日,北外开设语种数量已超过 100 个,不愧为中国最顶尖的外国语院校。
数十年间,北外校园也日新月异,除旧布新。各部各院齐头并进,携手前行。位于西校区的旧行政楼和宿舍楼被拆除,宏伟的综合教学楼拔地而起。东校区自筹备 2008 年北京奥林匹克运动会时,便配备了现代化的体育馆,行政楼、教学楼和现代化的宿舍也如雨后春笋般建成,尤其是几年前建成的北外图书馆,各语种的“图书馆”字样镶满墙体,无论是各方学子还是前来参观的游客都流连忘返,纷纷合影留念。
北外学生居住在校园中,他们的宿舍也翻修一新。与我初到北外之时相比,如今的宿舍楼功能齐全,设施先进。西校区的教职工公寓也在十余年前改造为 18 层楼高的精美建筑,其余建筑也都经过翻修改造,焕然一新。昔日沧桑与如今的北外气象,可谓天壤之别。学生宿舍内配备单人书桌,学习环境良好。学生也免受往日在图书馆挑灯夜读之苦。万象万物,与日俱新,每分每秒,建设不息。甚至北外学子开玩笑称,北京外国语大学的简称(BFSU)大概指的是北京永建大学(Beijing Forever Structuring University)吧。虽然是玩笑之言,但也可见北外奋斗不息,砥砺前行的足迹。
进入东校区大门,首先映入眼帘的便是主楼,虽然也是旧风物,但其实是翻新后的建筑,改造前仅有四层,后加盖至五层。为保留原有风格,屋檐和房顶均采用黄绿色复古花纹装饰,俯仰之间颇有一番复古风情。
八十年春华秋实,万象更新,即使与中外高校同台竞技,北外也依旧风姿卓然,不遑多让。我相信在未来北外也会初心不改,风采依旧。与北外风采一同延续下去的,还有薪火相传的北外人。因为北外是一所语言类院校,人才济济,不论是管理层的干部、教授、讲师、后勤工作人员抑或是学生们,都深谙语言学习的体系与原则。北外的语言学习与社会文化紧密相连,这让北外人总能够很轻松、很自然地与对象国、对象国的人民建立友谊。在我的印象中,自 29 年前我到北外教书以来,直到如今疫情肆虐的时代,北外人一直很友善。当然,这是以中泰文化为代表的东方文化的共同点。随着时代的变迁,北外也有所变化,但北外人那友善、可贵的品质仍能延续、传承至今,深深吸引着每一个熟知、憧憬北外的人,牵动着我与其他外教的心,也让我们能够在北外快乐舒适地生活。因此,我一直坚守教学岗位,尽全力传道授业解惑,为了我的学生们能够全面发展,为了让他们能够透彻地理解我所教授的泰语知识。我相信其他老师也同我一样,在自己的岗位上践行着自己的教学使命。
最初的北外是一所专门培养翻译人才的院校,此后不断发展,书写辉煌历史,成功培养了一批又一批多语种毕业生,将人才不断输送至外交部、商务部等国家部委,以及国企、私企等工作单位。再后来,北外再次扩大其培养范围,产出了国内外各领域的研究生与博士生。除此之外,北外还积极为联合国培养翻译人才,深化各领域研究,深入国家机关一线工作,等等。至此,北外人杰地灵,已然是人才与学者的聚集地。他们能够给各部门传授知识,编写教材,还出版了各类译作,推动了各领域知识与中华文化在海外的广泛传播。此外,北外还承担了联络国内外机构的任务。北外声名远扬,是每个熟知北外的人心中的骄傲,同时也得到了很多国际大学的赞赏,并建立了亲密的合作伙伴关系。由此可见,北外教学和毕业生质量与水平得到了国际上的认可。毋庸置疑的是,不论是早已毕业的学长学姐,还是正在学习的同学们,他们在不同的领域学习、耕耘——无论是国际商务、经济学、法学还是国际关系,他们都纷纷赞扬北外的优秀,因自己是北外人、因北外的优秀教学质量而感到骄傲、自豪。
我有幸见证了北外六十周年、六十五周年、七十周年及七十五周年校庆活动。尽管遗憾缺席过几次,但北外蓬勃发展、自强不息的面貌一直深深印在我的脑海中,令我赞叹不已。作为一名来北外交流多年的外籍专家,我仍清晰地记得,清迈皇家大学的校长曾再三嘱托我,一定要认真做好教学工作,因为北外不只是合作伙伴,还是我们最好的朋友。多年来,我发挥余热,倾尽全力教授学生们知识,和同事们友好相处,因为我将北外看作我个人教学生涯的终点站。在北外校庆八十周年之际,望天官赐福,北外能够华章永续,为首都北京及中华人民共和国的发展增添动力;衷心地希望各位领导、老师和学生们幸福安康,体魄强健,坚忍不拔,博闻强识,勇于创新,自强不息,做对国家、对社会有用的人;祝愿大家平安喜乐、万事胜意、得偿所愿!
北京外国语大学短期高端外籍教师。现任韩国檀国大学人文韩国支援视野研究所研究教授,曾任韩国檀国大学汉文教育研究所研究教授,北京师范大学文学博士。主要研究领域为东亚汉字学、词汇比较和文言文语法。
我第一次去北外是 2018 年 3 月,当时我为檀国大学人文韩国事业团寻找国外的开展知识权力和迁移的相关研究的学者。经过一番联络,我了解到北外历史学院也开展相关研究。为了能够达成学术合作,我与历史学院院长李雪涛教授约定见面,就彼此的研究和今后可能开展的学术交流和合作进行面对面的交流。
事实上,我 2002 年至 2010 年在北京师范大学攻读博士学位,对北京很熟悉,也听闻北外是中国最好的外语专业人才培养的大学,是全世界优秀外语人才聚集的大学,但真正访问北外还是头一次。初到北外,使我印象深刻的是校园很美,精致的造景点缀在校园各处,行走其间,总会遇到惊喜。路上,迎面走来的三五成群、肤色各异的学生们,脸上洋溢着青春和真挚,让校园显得生动、充满活力。原本与李教授约定的是进行一个多小时的交流,见面后我们边喝茶边聊学术研究、聊教育,很是投机。李教授对学术的热情和温暖的人性,让我有一种老友重逢的感觉,不知不觉聊了很长时间。从李教授那里我得知,北外作为一所综合大学,除了拥有高水平的外语专业以外,在多个学科领域都取得了优秀的成绩。北外历史学院的研究方向不仅有我正在从事的,还有一些我很感兴趣的领域,很荣幸我们达成了今后学术交流和合作的计划。
2019 年 6 月,我应历史学院邀请去北外进行主题为“全球史与中国2019”讲座,演讲题目是“东亚地区汉字、词汇同异性对照比较研究的价值”。这次,我对北外有了更多的了解。旁听讲座的北外的学生们认真、真挚的神情和积极的提问让我感动。我们都知道,外语是与外界交流的最基础的工具。我认为比这个工具更重要的是学习外语的目的,就是通过外语走向世界,通过与世界各地人们的交流,实现梦想。北外的学生们让我感受到了他们为实现梦想正在努力。青年时期不是被动接受知识,而是要培养自我主导下的学习和能力。这种态度是在自己生活的经验中形成的。我见过的北外的学生们就是这种善于学习、有梦想的年轻人。这些虽然有他们自己努力的因素,但我确信北外勤学的校风也对他们产生了很大的影响。
新型冠状病毒让面对面的交流变得艰难。每当想起在北外与学生们讨论问题,与李教授畅聊学问的情景,心里还是很激动。期待疫情根除,早日北外再聚。
北京外国语大学短期高端外籍教师。德国国家科学院院士、北京外国语大学名誉教授、德国杜塞尔多夫大学原校长、德国亚琛工业大学医学博士、哲学博士。主要研究领域为医学社会史。
Where to begin, where to end? Beijing, my second home? BFSU—my campus? China at all? Japan? Indonesia? My childhood? One thing is certain:my story with the BFSU, my story with China, is a long story, a story that has influenced my life profoundly, that continues to influence my life and that—hopefully—will continue to influence my life for a long time to come.
So let’s start at the beginning. As a little boy—and that was more than 65 years ago—I read a lot, at least looked at the pictures, among them travel literature and among them again probably—I can’t remember exactly—also works by Ernst Haeckel about “Insulinde” (Latin: insula and india) for today’s Indonesia—which in turn is Greek (indus and nesos). I was taken with the pictures of exotic places, especially the volcanoes.That’s where I wanted to go.And I wanted to go not only to Southeast Asia, but also to East Asia in general:to Japan and, of course, to China. These childhood dreams have all come true.I visited the home country of Java more often with a friend who had been a student and family friend for many years up to date. We also explored Sumatra and Bali on our travels—and I hiked around the crater rim of volcanoes. When I was director of the Institute for the History of Medicine at Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf in the 1990s, young scientists from Japan showed up at the institute to study with us—some of them are now famous professors in Tokyo. This gave us the opportunity to establish close contacts with Japan:Tokyo, Kyoto or Kamakura were the destinations. It was helpful that Düsseldorf is home to one of the large Japanese communities in Europe.
Only China seemed out of reach.It should be said that I follow the old Chinese wisdom not to travel around the world as a tourist, but that I prefer to go where I know local people who can show me their country from their own experience. And this opportunity arose when the news came in 2004 that the People’s Republic of China wanted to set up Confucius Institutes analogous to the German Goethe Institutes.Düsseldorf already had a large community of Chinese citizens at that time.After all, Düsseldorf and North Rhine-Westphalia were and are the centre of economic activities of Chinese companies in Germany and now even in Europe:Minmetals, ZTE, Huawei, Bank of China and many other (global) companies have their German or even European headquarters in Düsseldorf—there are now over 1,100 Chinese companies in North Rhine-Westphalia.
In 2004, I was rector of the Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf. At that time, Werner Stüber, Peter Hachenberg and Li Xuetao approached me and asked whether I was generally interested in the university in Düsseldorf also having a Confucius Institute. I immediately agreed to this plan! In December 2006, the “Confucius Institute at Heinrich Heine University” was founded—jointly supported by the university, the city of Düsseldorf and Hanban. At the time, Werner Stüber was the director of the International Office of the HHUD, Peter Hachenberg had worked as a lecturer at the BFSU for five years and Li Xuetao had just finished his dissertation at the University of Bonn under Wolfgang Kubin. Our extremely friendly and approachable supervisor at the Chinese Embassy in Berlin was Liu Jinghui, later Secretary General of the China Scholarship Council in Beijing.
In 2006, I took over the presidency of the CID’s supporting association.Through this function, I was appointed to the Council of Hanban in 2007,Senior Consultant in 2009 and finally Honorary Member of the Council of the Confucius Institute Headquarters Hanban in 2011. These tasks and honours—of which I am innocent—were the reason why I have been in China at least once a year since 2007, then more and more often. Through the annual congresses organised by Hanban—the most international events I have ever attended—and through the working meetings of the Council organised by the General Secretary of Hanban, Madam Xu Lin, in the summer, I got to know a little bit of China—partly accompanied by my wife: Beijing,Fujian with Mount Wuyi and Xiamen, Sanya and Haikou in Hainan, Guiyang in Guizhou,Changchun and the Changbai Mountain Pool in Sky in Jilin, Qufu, Urumqi and Turpan in Xinjiang, Shanghai, Kunming, many other places and again Beijing I was able to visit and explore.
Our host university in China was and is Beijing Foreign Studies University.We went there every year. And it is not surprising that these constant visits,which were reciprocated almost every year in Germany, resulted in further and closer contacts with BFSU, with its rectors—Hao Ping, Chen Yulu, Han Zhen,Peng Long, Yang Dan—with its party secretaries—Yang Xueyi, Han Zhen and Wang Dinghua—and especially, of course, with the CI Office of BFSU, here with Professor Zhang Xiaohui and Gong Jing, who accompanied us for many years.
Through all these activities with and around the CID, the CI Office of BFSU and Hanban the first scientific contacts with China were established as early as 2008. Our partner was always Professor Li Xuetao, at that time still deputy director of the Institute for Overseas Sinologies at BFSU. This partnership has led to many joint trips to China: to Xi’an, Chengdu, Chengde,Wuhan, Qingdao, Zhengzhou, Wuhu, Yangzhou, Hong Kong and many other places. This shows the extensive exchange and cooperation of BFSU as the most important and prestigious language school in the whole China, and also in the whole world. And it shows the charisma of Li Xuetao, now Director of the Research Institute for Global History and Dean of the School for History at BFSU, who was able to visit his own students or his colleagues on all these trips. So these trips were always connected with many joint projects, many joint lectures and many joint publications.
And Li Xuetao, a pleasant and productive colleague, has since become a friend for life, who has opened up China to me in a way that can never be possible for normal travellers, especially package tourists. This opportunity to get to know both cultural and scientific peculiarities, outstanding scientists and personalities and many people in their normal lives was also given by Wolfgang Kubin, who was a professor at BFSU at the time, and the many BFSU staff members I had the pleasure of meeting. And I like to mention Dr. Cord Eberspächer, Director of the KI in Düsseldorf from 2010 to 2020, a China expert by grace, now professor at Changsha Normal University in Hunan, who opened up many paths to China and Chinese for me. Finally, the connection to the Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press of BFSU was also important:there we not only brought out some joint Chinese-German publications, but also got to know many other interested and interesting personalities.
In 2016, I became an Honorary Professor at BFSU. In summer 2019, I became a Foreign Expert under the SAFEA/CAIEP program of P.R. China, and since September 2019, I am a Distinguished Professor for Global History of Science and Medicine at BFSU’s School for History and Institute for Global History respectively.In September 2019, I gave my first official lectures in Beijing. How did this come about?What are we doing there?
What is special, and what is different about East Asia in general and China in particular? Because the little boy’s desires for exotic countries and distant journeys have, of course, long since been turned into intellectual journeys and spiritual adventures. To put it in one sentence:Asia is different, at least different from Europe. And from looking at these“othernesses” of Asia, we Europeans learn to better understand our culture and our history. Of course, this sentence also applies vice versa: the more the Asians, the East Asians, the Chinese learn about themselves, the more they deal with the history and culture of other countries, namely the “West”. If this mutual interest leads to joint work, ultimately to friendship, this can be not only advantageous for both sides, but also of deep knowledge and ultimately of deep friendship.
So what is “othernesses”? People have been thinking about this ever since the West and the East knew about each other. I can only offer my version here,which—I am not a sinologist, know only a little Chinese and know even fewer characters—is of course based on the partly lifelong work of many thought leaders, but also on my own work and discussions, especially with Chinese scholars and students, as well as on many everyday experiences. As soon as we go back to the origins of thought in Europe and East Asia, we encounter a completely different approach to the world—a result of a course with master’s and doctoral students at BFSU. The Pre-Socratics—those European philosophers who taught before Socrates and Plato—already had a world view in which a recognisable world is separated from the recognising subject: it is a matter of finding the ultimate from which all things can be explained. The early East Asian sources—the I-Ching and the Tao Te Ching—offer a dynamic view of the world in which things and beings are constantly formed anew in the constant confrontation of various active forces: there is no need for a permanently valid world outside the world—the constant is changing.
From these first thoughts follow completely different views of the world, which lead to completely different views of human beings. In China,these different views of human beings—individual vs. community—lead to a life in community. In Europe, the combination of Greek philosophy and Judeo-Christian religion gives rise to a completely different society and culture centred on the individual. Of course, geographical and biological conditions and historically long-term developments play a role and are the subject of historiography. China was a model in the time of the European Enlightenment—a giant empire with a history going back to prehistoric times managed without a state religion, without one sole God: only the idea of community, lived in fixed rites, held this empire together—despite all natural catastrophes and despite all historical confusion : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz admired this. In Europe, the scientific revolution of the early modern era—(a) through the atomistic-mechanistic view of nature, (b) through mathematisation and (c) through the production of facts through experimentation—ultimately went back to the earliest thoughts of European philosophy—to Democritus and Heraclitus. Europe created scientific-technological modernity and spread it throughout the world via colonialism and imperialism. From a European perspective, China was suddenly considered obsolete—a historical old man, as Hegel and others diagnosed. This only changed at the end of the 20th and in the early 21th century. Today, China is a great power of the future—many people in the West have still not understood this without asking to accept it.
But this short history of East and West is, of course, reduced to the highest level of abstraction. What is going on behind it in the individual periods and episodes of a history that—as we know from modern archaeological and molecular biological research—can be traced back to prehistoric times? This is where the historiographical research begins, which has been carried out worldwide by many, mostly world-famous scholars—Richard Wilhelm or Joseph Needham may be mentioned as representatives of the older generation.From the generation of living giants, I would like to mention once again Wolfgang Kubin and Li Xuetao, with whom I made many journeys in China,with whom I had many conversations and with whom I was allowed to empty many glasses of baijiu in Beijing and elsewhere.
In this large, indeed overwhelming cosmos of scholarship, we try in our cooperation with Düsseldorf and BFSU to shed special light on one or the other topic in our projects, workshops, lectures and teaching events and perhaps even contribute one or the other piece of the mosaic to the overall picture.
For example, in March 2011, the International Symposium “Medicine as a Medium of Multiple Modernities—Transactions and Contingencies between China, Germany and Japan in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries” was held at the Leopoldina Study Centre of the German National Academy of Sciences.The authoritative scholar from China—both in terms of preparation and lectures and finally the anthology—was Li Xuetao.[1]From the perspective of globalisation, the aim of the international workshop was to look back through the focus of medicine in order to grasp and examine processes of modernisation and in this way create background knowledge for current questions of globalisation. In 2013, Li Xuetao presented his research on Matteo Ricci’s world map at the symposium “World Views. From the Globe to Globalisation” of the Leopoldina Study Centre.[2]In 2016, Li Xuetao spoke at the Leopoldina’s annual conference “Sciences in Intercultural Dialogue” on the question “Do modern sciences allow for cultural particularities”.[3]In 2017, I had the privilege of giving the keynote speech on “Eurasian Transfer of Knowledge vs. Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge” at the annual congress of the “Society for Cultural Interaction in East Asia” in Beijing.[4]
These four events, these four publications may be mentioned only as outstanding examples of the close cooperation with the Institute for Global History and the School for History of BFSU. The general theme of the cooperation is: “Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge” (欧亚知识交流). In turn,the central basic assumption is: there has been a lively exchange of knowledge between East Asia and Europe since the early days of human history. In this loose research network between European and Asian scholars, we therefore do not speak of Portugal, England or Germany on the one hand and China, Japan or South Korea on the other, but of “Eurasia”. The topic of “Knowledge Exchange in Eurasia” or “Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge” is being dealt with intensively worldwide. In this project network, the questions are: when did knowledge spread in Eurasia, partly implicitly, partly explicitly planned,and in what ways? What were the intended and unintended consequences of this exchange of knowledge? The basic assumption is that although there has always been an exchange of knowledge since prehistoric times, the identity of the different cultures has nevertheless been preserved and is immediately recognisable to this day. This observation is particularly important under the aspect of globalisation: to what extent does the global exchange of knowledge,techniques, skills, products and services affect local, regional and national cultures? Behind this lies the expectation and also the task of preserving the “othernesses” of the various cultures even in a global world and using them in the sense of a mutually fruitful cultural diversity.
This diversity of topics and methods is reflected in the lectures and courses that I have been able to give or conduct at BFSU so far. Historical theory and historiographical methods such as Fernand Braudel, the beginnings of knowledge in East and West, medicine in East and West, the Silk Road by land,the Silk Road by sea, Axial Age and China, history of and history in I-Ching and, of course, since 2020, plague, pestilence and corona are just some of the topics. The book Plague and Corona has meanwhile been translated into Chinese and will be published in China in 2021.[5]Future events will focus on the theme “Global plagues as global history”. This will focus on how societies respond differently to a biological challenge such as the “new emerging diseases”, including SARS and Covid-19. China has set an example to the world: no other country of its size and population has a better record in the fight against COVID-19. What are the reasons for this? What are the historical, and what are the cultural backgrounds?
“My” BFSU: Officially and formally, I would like to thank the leaders of Hanban, especially former Secretary General Madam Xu Lin, who opened many paths for me to China. My thanks also go to the staff of the Confucius Institute Office of BFSU. Special thanks go to the rectors and party secretaries of BFSU, whom I had the privilege of getting to know from 2007 to the present.Our talks were always characterised by mutual understanding and the idea of advancing the exchange of knowledge and culture between Germany and China for mutual benefit. I hope and wish that this close cooperation will continue for many years to come.
But my scientific, my official “story” with BFSU would be nothing without my personal “story” with BFSU, with Beijing, with China. For me, everyday life on the BFSU campus—despite all the work—is pure relaxation: life in a scientific paradise, as it were. Early morning sports on the sports fields on the East Campus, morning researching and teaching at the Institute on the West Campus, lunch in BFSU restaurant or in the small restaurants around the campus, afternoons researching and teaching, lectures again and again,dinners with colleagues who are friends, some from all over the world, also with students, and late in the evening still talking with the closer colleagues of the Institute, interrupted by trips to China or to neighbouring countries—to South Korea or Japan, for example. That is a researcher’s life as I have always imagined and longed for.
And all this would be nothing without the friendly, sometimes even amicable colleagues at the School of History, first and foremost my friend Li Xuetao and his colleagues, at BFSU and also at the other, mostly world famous universities nearby. I am deeply indebted to all of them, especially to Li Xuetao.
And so Beijing, the campus of BFSU has indeed become my second home.It was only in 2020 that I was unable to come to China for the rst time in years. In 2011, Cord Eberspächer and I flew to Beijing especially to take part in the BFSU’s 70th anniversary. I hope all the more that I will also be able to attend the BFSU’s 80th anniversary in 2021 in person.
哈萨克斯坦阿利-法拉比国立大学哈萨克语系主任,副教授。2016 年 9 月至 2018年 7 月任北京外国语大学俄语学院哈萨克语外聘教师。
作者:卡拉巴耶娃·坎莎伊姆
译者:刘佳彤 刘卓 张淼煜 张韵迪
哈萨克人说:“道路的价值,走过才知道。”因为哈萨克人自古便是旅行家,骑着马环游世界,带着干粮造访四方,世世代代在求善的道路上不断前行。先辈们道出“道路的使命就在于到达”“道路相连,民心相通”的真理,深谙人类共同劳作、共同生活的智慧。被哈萨克人称为“生命”的驼队不止一次地翻山越岭,克服了许多障碍,走过了很多泥泞的道路。如今,我们的人民已经克服了艰难险阻,生命的驼队正在不断迈向未来。
前路漫漫,但我们民族也有“道路虽远,行则必至”这样一句箴言。为使道路通向我们想去的地方,必须将其规划好。就像我们的一句俗语:“如果要长途跋涉,首先要挑选同行的伙伴。”因此,哈萨克斯坦的“光明之路”计划和中国的“一带一路”倡议在 21 世纪将古老丝绸商路重新连接起来。两国的友好关系正印证了一句哈萨克谚语:“独行途中结识了志同道合的人,难道不是一件幸事吗?”这反映了人们寻找同路者的希望。
当今世界面临着与日俱增的威胁,哈萨克斯坦和中国的合作以及两国人民的友谊为世界树立了榜样,有助于人们防范日益增加的威胁,使丝绸之路经济带沿线 40 多亿人口免遭经济、政治、精神和人道主义危机的影响。“人多力量大”,让我们同我们的伙伴们一道,共同发展,维护区域稳定。
新时代下共同应对当前世界面临的威胁,保护民族、国家和个人的利益至关重要。在哈萨克斯坦“光明之路”计划和中国“一带一路”倡议的框架下,2016 年 4 月,我第一次来到中国。在哈萨克斯坦驻华大使馆的提议下,“哈萨克斯坦中心”在北京外国语大学成立。而哈萨克斯坦阿利-法拉比国立大学肩负了配合中心工作以及开展哈萨克语教学的任务。为此,当时双方的校长——哈萨克斯坦阿利-法拉比国立大学的穆坦诺夫先生与北京外国语大学的彭龙先生签署了双边合作协议。之后,哈萨克语便成为了北京外国语大学开设的第 73 门外语。
2015 年 12 月,在哈萨克斯坦共和国时任第一副总理萨金塔耶夫的见证下,北京外国语大学正式成立了“哈萨克斯坦中心”。该中心的成立具有重要的历史意义,反映了哈萨克语作为哈萨克斯坦官方语言地位的提升。
▲ 卡拉巴耶娃·坎莎伊姆与北外学生参加哈萨克斯坦使馆开放日活动
哈萨克斯坦驻华大使馆为中心提供了配套的技术设备和办公用具。阿利-法拉国立比大学向“哈萨克斯坦中心”捐赠了哈语课本、教材、艺术作品、词典和哈萨克语研究书籍。
中心的职能是通过哈萨克语和哈萨克文学,展现我们民族的文化、科学和知识领域的瑰宝,增进两国人民之间的友谊和团结,并以此为目的组织各项活动。中心的成立离不开项目规划者、校方、中方同事和年轻学子们的付出和努力。在此,我想向他们表达我无尽的谢意。
时光荏苒,岁月如梭。几年的时间很快就过去了。2020 年,首届“哈萨克语语言文学”专业的 10 名中国学生已从北京外国语大学毕业,一些学生参加了工作,还有一些学生继续深造。但是,我们之间的联系并没有中断,而是通过电子邮件进行交流问候。
在阿利-法拉比国立大学,我的学生谢维宁正在用哈萨克语撰写博士论文并准备答辩。我们二人一起为中国学生编写了一本《哈萨克语》的教科书,并即将出版。
2020 年 9 月,谢维宁和张韵迪(首届哈萨克语专业毕业生)参加了庆祝哈萨克伟大诗人阿拜 175 周年诞辰的“阿拜诗朗诵”线上纪念活动,我在活动上做了演讲,我的学生们朗诵了阿拜作品的节选。
▲ 卡拉巴耶娃·坎莎伊姆与北外学生课堂合影
前不久,我收到了张韵迪的来信。她高兴地告诉我,她参加了阿利-法拉比国立大学为庆祝哈萨克斯坦共和国独立 30 周年举办的外国留学生哈萨克语奥林匹克竞赛,并通过了第一轮测试,正在准备第二轮比赛。张韵迪在此前就积极参加“哈萨克斯坦中心”举行的各种文化活动,在大学生学术会议上用哈萨克语做报告,获得了实践经验。她和其他 9 位中国学生于 2018—2019 学年在阿利-法拉比国立大学交换学习,他们都是有能力、谦虚、勤奋、自信的年轻人。
就这样,在一起工作学习的 3 年中,我们彼此理解、彼此信任。尽管有年龄上的差异,但我们成了很好的朋友。他们还与哈萨克斯坦青年一起参加了各种活动。
“哈萨克斯坦中心”在哈萨克斯坦驻华大使馆、北京外国语大学俄语学院和中国国际文化交流中心(CICEC)的支持下,多次组织开放日、展览、文艺晚会、音乐会及与文学、艺术和文化工作者的座谈会。这些具有重要意义的活动为中哈两国青年人提供了交流的机会,我也受益匪浅。
为庆祝哈萨克斯坦共和国首任总统日,“哈萨克斯坦中心”分别于2016 年和 2017 年举办了“中心开放日”和“纳扎尔巴耶夫小型成就展”活动。2016 年在哈萨克斯坦独立 25 周年纪念日到来之际,北京外国语大学俄语学院和“哈萨克斯坦中心”共同举办名为“大地儿女”文艺联欢会。
2017 年我带领学生们参加了哈萨克斯坦驻华大使馆举办的阿拜诗歌朗诵会,同学们声情并茂的朗诵得到了到访嘉宾的一致称赞。
2017 年我们为来自哈萨克斯坦的留学生和中国的哈萨克族青年举办了首届大学生冬不拉音乐节。我们共同迎接了 2017 年和 2018 年的哈萨克斯坦传统节日纳吾热孜节,准备了节日美食“纳吾热孜粥”(由水、大米、小米、盐、肉、面、奶疙瘩七种原料制成的节日美食),向中国学生介绍了民族服装和饰品。
2018 年为纪念哈萨克斯坦著名诗人马赫詹·朱马巴耶夫 125 周年诞辰,中国国际文化交流中心与北京外国语大学“哈萨克斯坦中心”联合举办了学术研讨会。来自哈萨克斯坦驻华大使馆、欧亚大学、中国社会科学院、中国作家协会、中央人民广播电台、中央民族大学、北京外国语大学、北京语言大学等单位的官员、学者,围绕马赫詹·朱马巴耶夫的文学作品鉴赏与艺术特色展开了学术讨论。北京外国语大学的学生分别用汉语和哈萨克语朗诵了诗歌作品。人民网、哈萨克斯坦国家电视台对该活动进行了报道。
在代表哈萨克斯坦在中国担任哈语教师的同时,我还深入了解了中国的文化、历史,参观了中国的科研机构,参加了北京外国语大学和中央民族大学举办的各类文化节和科研活动。这些学习机会使我积累了众多宝贵经验。2017 年 9 月 22 日至 25 日,我应中国国际文化交流中心之邀参加嵩山论坛(河南郑州)。我与时任哈萨克斯坦国立大学校长穆坦努夫院士率领的代表团一起参观了中国国际文化交流中心,同中心顾问及人文社科学者交流,拜会了中心顾问原中央党校副校长李君如先生以及时任中国国际文化交流中心秘书长的丁奎松先生,听取了对中国社会活动家、科学家们的先进事迹。
2017 年 12 月 1 日,我参加了中央民族大学举办的题为“哈语专业实践基地创建问题”的教师研讨会,会上我以《语言旅行——当代语言实践机会》为题发表了演讲。2017 年 12 月 15—16 日,我参加了上海外国语大学俄罗斯东欧中亚学院成立大会暨首届“跨学科视野下的俄罗斯东欧中亚研究”学术研讨会,会上发表了题为《从教授中国学生哈萨克语的经验出发》的报告。
2018 年 3 月 30 日,我参加了北京外国语大学《土耳其语语法》新书发布研讨会。2017 年 1 月 6 日至 2018 年 1 月 3 日,我以研究员的身份参加了俄语学院名为“跨文化交流背景下的社会文化刻板印象”的国际科研项目。
显然,由于缺乏中国语言知识,像我这样的外国专家很难独立地获取信息或很好地理解别人的想法。很感谢我遇到的很多中国同事和年轻朋友们,他们用哈萨克语或俄语与我交流并解答我的疑惑。得益于他们的帮助,在北京度过的两年成为我生命中难忘的美好回忆。因为结识了不同年龄的朋友,我的人生道路变得更加宽广了。
许多中国人都细致地观察并仔细规划自己的生活,由表及里,从内到外。我每天晚上都会看到广场上曼妙的舞姿,听到美妙的笛声和悠扬的歌声。嬉戏的儿童,不时叫唤几声的小狗,还有用轮椅推着老人出来散步的大人和孩子们,仿佛发生在昨天,至今依然历历在目。
中国人的穿着也给我留下了深刻的印象,人们富裕起来,服装款式越来越多。除此之外,还有很多事情给我留下了深刻的印象。北京市人口众多,早高峰和晚高峰时段乘坐地铁十分拥挤,令我感到十分惊讶的是,人们从未停下自己的脚步,总是步履匆匆,上车、下车。
我在北京见到了很多柳树。细枝在微风中摇曳,宛如随风飘扬舞动的丝带。为它们奏乐吧!笛声是那么悠扬动听,独有的音色总是能让我心情愉悦。为什么我们这边的广场上听不到笛声呢?因为在哈萨克斯坦没有人卖中国的笛子。如果我有机会再到北京,我一定会买一支笛子。当我看到有人拉二胡的时候,我立刻就想到了我们的民族乐器“库布兹”(中亚一带的民间弓弦乐器)。我的中国学生告诉我:“二胡”中“胡”的意思是“来自西域”。我隐约感受到这是古代的文化交流在今天留下的痕迹。还有,不管是年轻人还是老人都会踢毽子——我忘记怎么用汉语说“毽子”这个单词了。中国的毽子是用羽毛做成的,在很多商店都可以买到。哈语中有“毽子”这个单词的发音,类似中文中“两个”的发音。这是不是巧合呢?这也让我想到现代哈萨克语中“бәйтерек(大杨树),бәйбіше(大老婆),бәйшешек(雪花莲)”这些单词的前半部分“бәй”和汉语中“白”这个字的发音十分相似。哈语中不常用的单词“шәушиіп (青白葡萄), шәушиген(小的),шәушию”中前部分“шәу”的读音和汉语中的“少”读音相似。
希望我们从事哈萨克语和汉语研究的年轻一代能够在此类问题上进行深入研究与挖掘。因为在我看来,这些单词不仅仅是单词,更是古丝绸之路上先辈们留下的鲜明的符号与象征。如果我们相互沟通,了解对方,那么世界将会更加和平,我们都会拥有光明的未来。
今年是北外八十周年校庆、俄语学院八十周年院庆。值此之际,我向北京外国语大学各位师生、俄语学院的各位师生致以真诚的问候与祝愿。祝各位领导、老师工作顺利,同学们前程似锦!
乌兹别克斯坦塔什干国立大学东方学院国际经济关系系国际管理和营销教研室高级教师。2018 年 9 月至 2019 年 7 月任北京外国语大学俄语学院乌兹别克语外聘教师。
In modern conditions, education is one of the important factors in the development of progress, where the exchange of knowledge plays an important role. Cooperation between China and Uzbekistan has a historical basis,and dates back to the distant past, which is a good foundation for further strengthening and development in the field of education.
The location of Uzbekistan on the Great Silk Road determined the possibilities of mutual enrichment of cultures, transfer of knowledge. For example, many historical documents are kept in the repositories of the Beruni Library and the Research Institute of Oriental Studies. In Chinese written sources, the historical cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, Khiva are often mentioned,where a whole galaxy of scientists and thinkers lived and worked, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of world science and literature.Among them are world famous: al-Khwarizmi, Abu Raikhan Beruni, Abu Aliibn Sino, Mirzo Ulugbek and others. Uzbek-Chinese relations are reflected in the Chinese manuscripts of the Ambassador of the Han Empire, scientist and traveler Zhang Qian, which date back to the 2nd century BC...
It is necessary to emphasise the importance of further cooperation in the field of education between our countries, which have a solid foundation of friendly Uzbek-Chinese relations.
Chinese language is taught in 6 universities of Uzbekistan. More than 600 students are studying Chinese as their main language, and electives are organised in many educational centres in the country in order to familiarise themselves with the history, culture and traditions of the Chinese people.
Confucius Institutes function in Tashkent and Samarkand, where over 1.2 thousand Uzbeks study the Chinese language. After graduating from these institutions, graduates have the opportunity to participate in numerous educational grants and programs in China.
The Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies (Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies) is the main university that graduates Sinologists, and in 2015 the Faculty of Chinese Studies was opened, under which the Centre for Simultaneous Translation functions. The faculty has begun training simultaneous interpreters who can participate in international events in Uzbekistan and China.
Developing the historical cultural heritage of the two countries, a striking example of fruitful cooperation is the signed “Agreement on Mutual Activity” between the Uzbek State University of World Languages and the Beijing Foreign Studies University in the field of studying the Uzbek language, developing teaching materials, teaching aids, holding joint conferences, exchanging students and other events.
▲ 教师节卡莫拉与学生合影
Both parties pay a great attention to the implementation of this agreement.As a result, a specialty “Uzbek language and literature” appeared at the Institute of the Russian Language, for this a specific educational program of the Uzbek language was developed in the direction of “Uzbek language as a specialty”, and an optional Uzbek language was introduced for everyone, as a third optional course. At the elective “Uzbek language” for wide study, Chinese students showed a great interest in studying the Uzbek language and literature, as well as the history and culture of Uzbekistan, and the number of interested students grew from semester to semester, which was very pleasing.
The joint work of the two universities was successfully realised in the development and publication of the textbook “Uzbek Language” for self-study with a full course of grammar rules and an audio course. The purpose of writing the textbook was to help Chinese students and everyone who wants to learn the Uzbek language.
One of the fruitful results of the joint activity was the internship of students of the Beijing Foreign Studies University at the Uzbek State University of World Languages, who passed an annual practice and successfully passed the exams in the Uzbek language. During a one-year internship, Chinese students deepened their knowledge of the Uzbek language, attended lectures on Uzbek literature and history, and got acquainted with the ancient culture of Uzbekistan.
All activities carried out between the two universities can be considered as a significant contribution to the further development of the strategic program “One Belt, One Road”, which is based on the historical roots of the development of the Great Silk Road.
Developing cooperation between our countries in the field of education,we hope that the project of the “Uzbek language” course will develop on an ongoing basis, due to the fact that the youth of the two friendly countries show mutual interest in the study of language, literature and culture in general.
The Belt and Road Initiative, being a new model of international cooperation, will develop new opportunities for Uzbek-Chinese relations in the field of education to reach a new level.
We are opening up wide horizons for cooperation in the field of education. This requires active interaction to achieve even greater success for the benefit of our peoples and countries.
2011—2016 年德意志学术交流中心委派外籍教师,在北外德语系任教。鲁韵博士在北外德语学院任教期间,教授本科“德语文学”“文学作品选读分析”“德语会话”课程,并教授研究生的文学研究研讨课,举办“文学与电影”“图像中的艺术史”等讲座课,并带领学生通过参观博物馆展览、参加各种竞赛,在实践中引导学生学习和钻研文学与艺术,深受学生欢迎。学生亲切地称她为“Frau Unfer”(Unfer女士)。她本人也积极参与各种学术活动。
作者:鲁韵
译者:王彦会
那是 2011 年 9 月 24 日,我很激动。(www.xing528.com)
我到北京刚几个月,感觉还有些晕乎,尽管我在德国时已经为这份新使命做了出色的跨文化准备。
一切的一切都出乎我的想象。
一切的一切都那么非同寻常,令人眼花缭乱,以至于我开始怀疑我在北外做老师的计划究竟还有没有意义、能不能实现。
我的参照系不知怎的失灵了,因为无论地理还是符号,我所知的东方此时都显得仍旧那么“西洋”。
我几乎挨饿,因为尽管我已经反复努力练习,可用筷子最多也只能夹起两粒米。
我和中国人刚一接触,虽然双方都用心良苦,但最终成效甚微。比如就在前一周,我在一次正式会面时打算用我初学的汉语大显身手。我被介绍给一位领导,我努力地说出在汉语课上学到的客套话:“很高兴认识您。”由于对方还带着儿子,我便想当然地又加上了:“和您儿子。”说完我便自豪地环顾四周,期待着对方夸我的汉语好。但是,事与愿违,我所见的竟是四座震惊。我一开始大惑不解,直到有人向我解释了原因。原来,也许因为我发音不准,也许我记串了,总之我说的问候语听起来和我想说的并不一样。原来我指着那位尊贵客人的儿子,面带微笑说出的竟然是:“很高兴认识您和您猴子!”
由于人生地不熟,我的活动范围还很小,主要猫在西院。就我认识的那么几个字且发音又不标准,要是上了北京的出租车,天知道司机得把我带哪儿去。
还好,我在接下来的五年里工作的地方——德语系,距离我住的专家楼没有几步路。在去上班的路上我还能采购生活所需,还有个食堂也很方便,太棒了!
2011 年 9 月 24 日,我的激动乃情理之中,因为那天下午 5 点钟我将见证一件大事。我被邀请参加北外建校七十周年校庆。典礼在我还不曾涉足的东院举行。我有些慌乱,把几个星期前我飞过万里从柏林至此的事忘了个一干二净。
等我发现东西两院由一个地下通道连接,根本不会有迷路的风险,才心安了些。
▲ 与学生讨论后合影
▲ 2013 年 12 月包饺子比赛
而且,我很快发现,只要跟着去参加典礼的人流走就行了。
时间一分分地过去,我周围的人越来越多。来了1000 多位宾客,有这里的外国专家、教师、学生和北外毕业生。最后我走进被用作典礼礼堂的体育馆大厅。置身于那么多人中,我更感到自己的孤独和迷惘。
▲ 2015 年,鲁韵老师指导的学生获得优秀论文奖
不过我仍好奇地四处张望。
高背椅子罩着白色椅套,令巨大的体育馆大厅洋溢着隆重而和谐的氛围。
天花板上投下紫罗兰色灯光。
舞台的背景色也以紫罗兰色为主。
右前方舞台上的大屏幕上播放着校庆声影。
不一会儿,眼之所见,印象生生不息。
不经意间,只见身着洁白长裙的姑娘们将大厅围成一条美丽的花边,无声微笑着在大厅里走动,宛若下凡的仙子。她们温柔地搀扶着年长的前辈,将其带到座位上。中国人的尊老文化总令我感动至深。
舞台上站着 96 岁高龄的伊莎白·柯鲁克教授。由一个仙子般的女孩贴心地扶着,这位白发苍苍、瘦高个的女士(后来我才发现,她竟然是我邻居)在接受颁奖,以此表彰她长期致力于中外友好和在北外建校与发展中做出的贡献。
伴随着典礼响起了国歌、校歌、歌唱……各种声响唤起了我心中越来越强烈的情感。台上台下,男女老少,构成一个独一无二的整体,唤起无与伦比、妙不可言的感受。
我一下觉得对“Universität(德语‘大学’)”一词的领悟更深了些。它在世界各地的叫法几乎一样:Universität, University, Université, Università, Universitad,等等。因为它源自拉丁文,在公元 1100 年左右被选作对当时成立的新式教学体制的指称,即“Universitas magistrorum et scolarium”。这一指称是为表达一个核心理念,即它应当是一种“师生共同体”。
我突然不再迷惘。
不再感到置身于陌异的环境当中。
我感到,从这时起我已是在北外教和学的北外人。
我感觉,不,我知道,我将有幸共同参与知识的建构,将我多年孤独地在书房里获得的知识,通过与同事的合作传授给学生,从而实现薪火相传。
2021 年 9 月 24 日,北外建校八十载。我已回柏林很久,做另外的工作。此时,我离北外虽很远,但心里想着它。
▲ 2011 年,鲁韵老师在北外过的第一个圣诞节,也是第一个没有家人在身边的圣诞节,同学们为鲁韵老师组织了小聚会
▲ 2014 年,与班里同学过圣诞节
我多想再次体验那次已成往事却无法忘怀的校庆感受,那是十年前令我感受至深、挥之不去的。
我看到自己又一次在大礼堂中就座,在喜气洋洋而井然有序的人群中亲历庆典。
我看到自己和其他人同庆这特别的一天,亲自向“我的”尊敬的“北外奶奶”致以祝福,低声向她耳语“寿比南山”。
我满心自豪,很清楚自己是一个整体的一分子,那个比各分子相加更大的整体的一分子。
从远方来,一个句子在我唇齿间脱口而出:一朝北外,终生北外。
陶天华博士为 2005—2010 年德意志学术交流中心委派外教,在北外德语系任教。陶天华博士任教期间,教授基础阶段的语言课,本科三年级的“书面与口头交流(应用文和演讲技巧)”课程,硕士生的研讨课,重点为“德语教学法”,并指导硕士论文,参与构思设计硕士生培养计划中的“德语教学法”专业课程。此外,她还在外语教学与研究出版社积极为对外德语教学的教科书录制配套录音材料。
作者:陶天华
译者:丁君君
北京外国语大学今年已经八十岁了——而我参与了这段历史中的五年。2005 年到 2010 年,我以德意志学术交流中心外教的身份加入了北外德语系。
我在北外任教的那些年恰逢转型期:中国高校正在扩招和推进现代化建设,而日耳曼语言文学专业也在调整思路。我在德语系自然也感受到了这一氛围。
每次回想起北外,我的眼前立刻就会浮现德语系的那座老楼。当时的北外正在大兴土木,东院建起了多座风格迷人的教学楼和行政楼,而德语系作为北外大系、中国最重要的日耳曼学研究机构之一,却一直蜗居在西院大门后面的那座三层小楼中。
老德语楼建于 20 世纪 50 年代初,保留了那个年代的风格:整体陈设简陋,教室朴素无华,办公区域也有些捉襟见肘。但麻雀虽小五脏俱全,楼里依然配置了各种现代教学技术设备。
我们的教学楼外表虽然质朴,却依然散发着一种莫名的魅力。每天清晨走进西院校园的人,都会听到德语系学生的朗声诵读。低年级学生的教室在底层,他们练习语音时,声音总会透窗而出——无论窗户是打开的还是关闭的。在那五年中,沐浴在诵读声中的德语楼几乎变成了我的另一个故乡。
在我的记忆中,德语楼的形象在多重意义上保持着一种敞开姿态:楼两边的入口大门永远是打开的,教室的门也只是轻轻扣上,办公室那些友好自信的行政秘书们开着门处理师生事务;系主任的门也从不合上,开敞的门代表着他对同事心声的关切之意。
对于来自德语国家的外聘专家,德语楼也一直保持着开放的态度。系里组织的外国专家讲座和研讨课源源不断,活动凑到一起时简直让人眼花缭乱。毕竟,那时正值日耳曼语言文学专业的调整期。那几年中,德国高校常有专家来华,各大高校都想和中国高校开展合作关系。
德语楼的气质也非常开放且友好。整体而言,我和同事们在语言课上的教学合作十分默契。在自己开设的讨论课上,我也能自主构思课程内容和教学方案。
我的研究重点是德语教学法,因此当我发现同事们对教学法问题十分感兴趣,且态度颇为开放时,立刻深受鼓舞。我们曾一起尝试新的教学法,开发课件,我甚至和同事们一起编写并出版了一部关于外语教学法的书,并发表了一些课程相关的材料。2007 年,我们还合作制定了硕士阶段重要方向“德语教学法”的培养方案。在培养方案的框架内,学生们撰写了多篇硕士论文。
▲ 2010 年,与同事在运动会上
我当时还和多位已经退休的教授成了很好的朋友,我们的友谊一直持续到了今天。作为老一代人的代表,他们虽然从岗位退休了,却依然在系里活跃着:要么是上课,要么是参与字典、教材的编纂工作。他们是德语系社交沙龙的一分子,以自己的方式推动着德语系的凝聚力。
我当然也非常想念在北外教过的那些聪明好学的青年学子。他们积极地参与开放课堂、独立完成任务。在当时,这种态度并不多见。
让我最感欣慰的是,后来我又多次和从前的学生相逢。他们在毕业后也成了高校教师,变成了我的同行。
北外的国际化氛围令我印象极其深刻。在专家楼里,来自世界各国的专家比邻而居,丰富的学术交流,和睦的日常往来,花园里时常举行的派对活动——各种一期一会,令人难忘。
外办还为外国专家们精心组织了一些丰富多彩的旅游活动,并邀请中国同行陪同参加。一起旅行的经历让这个国别和专业极为多元的大集体越发感情深厚。我有幸参与了当时去往西藏、新疆和黄山的旅行团,留下了无数美妙回忆。
▲ 2010 年离任前,学期末的告别会后合影
我最近一次回北外探望是五年前,感受到了巨大的变化。西院的校园开始扩建了。我也走进了国际大厦,参观了德语学院的新办公室。美好的新环境让我深受鼓舞。我相信,有了现代化的新设施,教学和学习都会充满乐趣,而德语系历史悠久的珍贵品质也会焕发新生。
最后,必须承认的是:当我漫步穿过校园,再次看到那栋古色古香的专家楼,颇感欣慰。离开校园时,我也高兴地看到,东院门口的主楼矗立如昔,令人追忆建校之初的峥嵘岁月。
1973—1978 年在柏林自由大学学习日耳曼语言文学和汉学。1980—1985 年及1987—1996 年作为德意志学术交流中心委派外教,在北外德语系任教,教授德国文学与文学史、学术写作、文体学、基础阶段课程,并培训教师,参与编写《新汉德词典》。他参与主持编写的《德语教程》长期作为全国高校德语专业本科基础阶段教材使用,并获得“北京市社会科学优秀成果奖”。2001—2017年,他受德意志学术交流中心委派,作为教授级专家多次往返于中、德之间。作为主编之一,他主持编写《当代大学德语》,并对全国德语教师进行培训。该教材被评为教育部“2011 年普通高等教育精品教材”及北京市“2011 年北京高等教育精品教材”。自 2011 年开始,他参与编写《新世纪汉德大词典》,并对参编者和出版社工作人员进行词汇学方面的培训。聂黎曦为全国高校德语专业的教学和教材编写做出了重要贡献。
1980/1981
从周一到周六,我沿着一条小路骑车上班,先向西,几百米后右转,顺着一排平房和一条明沟之间坑坑洼洼的土路,直到房屋尽头的一道斜坡,我大着胆子冲下去,然后骑上一条平整的马路。这条路上交通繁忙,主要是自行车和骡车,上面拉着蔬菜、水果、鸡蛋、肉、煤以及产自周边农村的东西。这些都是北京这座百万人口大城市日常需要的。汽车是很少见的。再往南骑半公里,就到了我的单位。它在左手边一道灰色的院墙里。为了向门卫表示尊重,我从自行车上下来,推车进大门。我听说,孔夫子的礼貌准则中就规定了,到大门口必须下马。面前是雄伟的四层主楼,在二层的一间办公室里,我和十一位同事共同编写一部新汉德大辞典。
我每天早晨上班路的起点是友谊宾馆,当时,所有的外国“专家”都住在那里,终点则是北京外国语学院东院主楼的德语系。北京外国语学院俗称“一外”,因为它是当时北京乃至全中国所有外语院校中的No. 1,以前一直属于外交部,被称为外交官的摇篮,不久前才划归教育部。
▲ 《新汉德词典》编写组部分成员合影
▲ 2011 年,《当代大学德语》获颁教育部“2011 年普通高等教育精品教材”,两名主编在外研社嘉奖会上合影
1980 年 8 月 20 日,我带着德意志学术交流中心(DAAD)的两年工作合同,来到了遥远的、刚刚小心翼翼向外国敞开了国门的、依然还很神秘的中国,开始了我的北外故事。
五年后
低矮的居民区、土路、排水明沟、通往苏州街的下坡路早在三年前就被铲平了。四车道的北三环路在这里转了 90 度弯,向南,成为西三环路。路上的汽车越来越多,挤走了骡车。我认为,北外好几百学生每天要在东西院之间的马路上穿行,越来越多的汽车,对他们来说太危险了,应该建一座过街天桥。我的同事说,那太贵了,中国还不富裕。
这个时候,德语系已经搬到了西院,占据了大门右侧的一整栋灰色的三层楼。我的词典组在最高层顶头最漂亮的办公室。现在我们已经需要两间房子了,因为我们把词典条目写在索引卡上,然后在另外的索引卡上修改。成千上万的卡片已经装满了八个高大的书柜。
我不是待了两年,而是五年。词典编完了,我也获得了在柏林攻读博士学位的奖学金。但是,当时的北京,就像地震前发生的波动,预示着这个国家即将开始的现代化。在我的德语文学和文学史课上、在我的文体学系列讲座上,我感受到了这种变化,在街上、在与朋友们的交谈中我也感受到了。我无法想象,世界上还有比这里更令人激动的地方。我认为自己是这一划时代变化的见证人。而且,我的女朋友也于 1982 年作为德意志学术交流中心的教师从柏林来到北京。她的中国故事还没有结束。所以,当中方和德方邀请我参加德语课教材编写工作时,我抓住了这个机会。原计划的两年,变成了 16 年的北外时光。
▲ 1990 年第一次使用《德语教程》,示范课后与部分教师、1990级学生的合影
21 年后
友谊宾馆和北外之间的三环路上,有三座桥:四通桥、向南转弯处的苏州桥和相隔不远的万寿桥。这些不是行人过街天桥——行人过街桥有很多,北外门口有一条地下通道——而是六车道、交叉路口甚至八车道的机动车道,其中 1980 年还在走骡车的路,在四车道的基础上又加了四车道,变成了一道巨大的交通风景。
如果开车驶过万寿桥,还能看到下面的灰色老教学楼和行政楼,还能看到主楼——这是已经从学院变成大学的北外的建筑骄傲,作为古建筑,还会被保留几十年。主楼挡住了东院新的现代化建筑:大礼堂、图书馆、阿拉伯中心、食堂、餐馆、咖啡馆,还有最里面的学生宿舍楼。北外的新骄傲是北外的出版社,全称“外语教学与研究出版社”,简称“外研社”。12层的外研社大楼,像一根红色的手指,耸立在西院的南侧,远远高于三环路上的立交桥。这座融合了德国包豪斯和后现代主义风格的建筑,是明星建筑师崔凯的作品,曾获得 20 世纪 90 年代杰出建筑的称号。
▲ 时代在变化,我们随时代变化Tempora mutantur, nosque mutamur in illis (Caspar Huperinus, 1500—1553)
从 2001 年开始,这里是我的工作中心。1996 年,我决定离开中国,回到了法国南部的一个小村庄,从事文学和新闻写作。但是,我的计划只坚持了不到五年的时间。2001 年,北外刚满 60 岁,我与北外的同事们开始编写一部新教材,并在外研社得到了一间办公室。
我在北外生活的 40 多年间,许多事物都发生了变化,甚至可以说,一切都变了,包括人,包括我自己。有一点是非常确定的,那就是我变老了,现在已经 70 多岁了,而 80 岁的北外却越来越年轻。
北外还在不断更新,越来越恢宏的建筑物出现在校园里,大多采用红砖外表,与 23 年前建成的外研社大楼相呼应,成为现代北外的新面孔。当然,学校的更新、现代化和年轻化不仅体现在外表的、装饰性的变化。我更是经历了整个大学生活、教学和科研的转变。
老项目,新方法
我刚到北外时,电脑还不为人所知,整个德语系只有一台复印机可以使用。上课材料、讲义、练习材料都是先打在蜡纸上,然后油印出来。简单的机械打字机几乎是任何学生都买不起的。我的学术研究也经历了重要转变。
现在,教材教学法已经成为我的研究领域,其中吸纳了大脑研究的成果,从死记硬背的学习方法,经过模仿式和主动重现式学习,发展成了自主型、自我设计的学习模式。中国的大学教师们也参与了研究,并撰写了大量相关论文,在大学引入了新的课堂教学方法。他们必须这样做,因为学生也变得不一样了,现在的学生习惯了新媒体,要求更高,更独立,更有个性。我们在 1990 年左右编写的教科书,十年之后就过时了,又需要设计新的教科书。
当这套新教材完成后,我开始着手编写新的词典。因为在这纷繁变化的 30 多年,语言当然也发生了改变。我们 1985 年编纂的《新汉德词典》,当时是最现代、最大的中文西文双语词典,然而,人们现在已经无法借助它来翻译大街上的广告语、电视剧中的对白。用户靠它不能应对新的商业和科技世界以及新的政治现实。以前我们编写词典,都是手写在卡片上,只有很少的工具书可供参考,而今天,我们可以借助互联网无穷的资源,在百度、谷歌和维基世界里搜索,用它来滋养我们的词典编纂工作。今天,我们的工作方式更容易了,效率肯定更高,但任务也变得更复杂了,对字典的要求也更高了。
怀旧的回顾
我经常从外研社 9 层的办公室往下看。从三环路往西有一条路,在我的想象中,还能隐约浮现出。40 年前,我常常在夏日午休时,拐进这条曾经狭窄的小路,因为沿着路走不远,就是大片的农田,一直延伸到香山。只有几个农民在干活,偶尔会遇到打麻雀的猎人。常常有钓鱼人坐在南长河边。曾几何时,皇家朝廷利用这条运河,从紫禁城到颐和园,享受夏日凉爽的空气。不过它早已不再通航,变得有些泥泞。青蛙和鱼儿已经征服了它,岸边也是杂草丛生。我喜欢在这里游泳,在初夏和秋天,在北京高远的蓝天下,在灿烂的阳光中。我的一位德国诗人朋友曾写过一首诗,写的就是这北京的天空,那么高,那么清澈。我的女朋友有时星期天会和我一起去,但她不太喜欢游泳。因为她第一次在这里游泳时,就有一只小蝌蚪游进了她嘴里。这对她来说,有点过于“自然”了。
现在,北外西边已经没有了自然和田园风光,农田上都盖起了房子,高楼大厦挡住了香山的视线,到处都在继续建房。一个可容纳百万人口的新居民区拔地而起,越过南长河,一直向西延伸。四环、五环路容纳了城市扩张带来的车水马龙。北外的同事也在这里买了房子,搬出校园,开着自己的车来大学上班。
教师和科研人员、职工搬离校园,也许是对北外日常生活最彻底的改变。以前,大家在校园里都互相认识,分享快乐、分担痛苦。大家在购物时、在食堂里、在锅炉房打开水时、在文化活动中、在庆典活动中都会遇到,人们是生活在一起的。现在,单位从共同生活的地方,变成了一个单纯的工作场所,原本的天天遇到,变成了需要约时间见面。
过去,我们词典编辑部的工作环境尤其能体现出家庭氛围。特别是冬天,办公室里生起了煤炉子,一根长长的烟筒,用绳子固定在天花板上,从窗户上的一个洞伸到外面。烟筒必须要长,因为也靠它散热。时不时有同事带来白薯,放在炉盘上烤,下午休息时大家一起吃。大家也经常一起做饭吃饭,每学期都会做一次饺子,自己和面自己剁馅儿。好多事情都可以成为小小聚餐的契机。比如说,我母亲来看我,我女朋友——现在早已是我的妻子——从德国来。每到圣诞节,我都会按照德国配方给全系同事煮热红酒,连续十年。办公室对我们来说,就像是家里的起居室。
共同的庆祝活动、聚餐、喝酒,不仅让大家的共处变得温馨,而且在 20 世纪 80 年代初,这也具有政治和心理层面的意义。几杯啤酒——当时还是稀缺商品——或者几杯白酒之后,人们可以倾诉心底的话,埋葬过去,共同面向未来。
不怀旧的回顾
未来中国发展的速度,比当初想象的快。人们所有的意愿和行动都指向了现代化、开放、进步,也包括个人生活质量的提高,这尤其能在住房改善上体现出来。多年前,校园内的住房面积小,设备差。如果一对夫妻有孩子,祖父母也住在一起,房间里就必须用帘子和衣柜隔开。一个比我大十岁的单身助教,只有一间房,他和半层楼的住户共用一个厨房和厕所。我在友谊宾馆的公寓里住得很舒适,大学每天为此支付 57元的房租,这相当于当时一位大学老师一个月的工资。
那时的人们必须掂量着花每一分钱,生活中处处节省,连衣食上也得省。买辆名牌自行车,比如凤凰、飞鸽、永久,都是购置大件商品,堪比今天买辆汽车。冰箱更是难以承担的奢侈品。有位同事用海外奖学金买了一台冰箱,但很少开,因为电费太贵。就连我们办公室的煤炉也是奢侈品,老师和学生们不得不穿得厚厚的,在没有暖气的教室里用冻僵的手指写字。
我生活得相对富裕让我感到羞耻,因为我并没有比我的中国同事们做得更多,但我的收入是他们的十倍,此外我还有更高的德国工资。物质上的优越——连同第一批外国“专家”当时的其他所有特权——让我感到很别扭。所以,当我从 2001 年开始我的北外故事第二章,外教和中国教师的生活水平趋于一致时,我感到很高兴。
向后理解生活,向前好好生活
Livet forstås baglæns, men må leves forlæns (Søren Kierkegaard, 1813—1855)
心理上的不敏感和政治上的进步,使我常常忽略贫困和匮乏,把清贫的生活美化成正确的生活。我来自德意志联邦共和国,那是一个物质生活富裕、习惯于浪费的社会,而我作为具有反叛精神的 68 一代,对我的国家持极端批判态度。那里的经济,最终以捞钱、消费、刺激购买、广告和商品的交换价值为目的。当时的中国没有广告,起决定作用的是商品的使用价值。这种看重本质而非现象、注重为社会造福的价值取向,加上对自然资源的谨慎使用以及人们的谦逊态度,给我留下了非常好的印象。
回顾我的北外故事开端,其矛盾点在于,我认为我 40 年前的好印象并没有错,但是,当时我对中国和中国人太缺乏了解。现在,我知道了,追求物质上的安全感和富裕是进步的动力。它不仅使生活更加愉快、更加无忧无虑,还能提供自主生活的自由和时间,可以在文化和学术领域继续深造,可以进行科学和创造性工作。如果忽略了人们的需求,那么,任何怀旧式的回顾都是倒退。
既然生活必须面向未来,那么,在北外 80 周年校庆之际,我们对于所取得的成就进行评判和赞扬,都是次要的。如果前辈们成就斐然,应该对他们表示感谢。但是,更重要的是今天在职的同人们,他们要为未来做出规划。今天的挑战比以往任何时候都大,尤其是对一所外国语大学而言,它的教育使命是在不同文化之间架起语言的桥梁,促进国际理解,在当今环境问题、战争和难民灾难、流行病和民族利己主义对我们的地球构成的新的生存威胁时,促进国际合作。
1980 年,我作为第一批来自西欧国家的外国人之一,通过国家间交流,得以在中国进行教学和科学工作。我在北外受到了真诚的欢迎。41年来,我感受到大家对我这个外国人的理解、与我进行真诚开放的思想交流。我体验到对不同意见的容忍、在共同项目上的平等工作、在所有日常事务中的帮助以及非常多的友善。我希望,也相信,这种精神在未来的几十年里会继续为大学带来成功。
北外不仅带给我许多故事,而且,我人生经历中的一大部分和我职业生涯中最重要的部分,是在北外度过的。我在这里工作的重要性,我的同事们和学生们会做出评判。40 年来,我跟他们共同经历了这些往事和我的人生历史。为此,我对北外和我的同事们表示感谢。
我在北外工作期间,与很多同事结下了深厚友谊,因为有太多太多的人帮助过、鼓励过我,让我在这里有了家的感觉。我无法一一列举他们的名字,恳请与我关系最为亲近、与我共同工作了几十年的朋友们予以谅解。
▲ 和北外德语系部分同事合影
塞尔维亚语言文学教师,在北京外国语大学执教十年,曾与中国和塞尔维亚学生一起工作,教授语言、出版著作、从事文章校对和编辑工作,并为北外录制音频资料。她曾主持塞尔维亚语ECL考试。在贝尔格莱德语言学院的教育支持下,她拥有塞尔维亚语言文学教授和教学方法硕士学位。2019 年,娜塔莎获得国际人才研究中心颁发的荣誉证书。
关于任职十年来的北外的变化我不再赘述,北外开设了超过 100 个外国语种的教学等信息及数据在学校官网上都有相关介绍。
▲ 娜塔莎与塞尔维亚语大二学生在逸夫楼教室合影
▲ 娜塔莎的小女儿Evelina, “I love BFSU”
站在北外环顾四周,周围都是新的教学楼,配备了最新技术的现代化教室,现代设计感十足的图书馆和有着小池塘的花园。老旧的建筑被雨后春笋般的更崭新更现代化的建筑取代。校园装扮不断更新,唯一不变的是胸怀大爱的人们。他们之中有青春可爱、尊敬师长的学生,他们右手挎着装满课本的书包,左手举着一杯珍珠奶茶或是零食。他们之中也有我的中国同事和领导,我们可以自由共事,开放交流意见,畅所欲言。在和他们的交流与合作中,我们编写新的教材和字典,翻译文章,录制音频材料,实现了文化交流,建立了新联系。他们之中还有我的外国同事和朋友,我们交流教学经验,探讨关于学生在学习和生活中遇到的问题;生活中,我们一起聚会、交往、游玩。我们交谈的话题总是新颖又有趣。在不同的语言背景下,我们的观点相互碰撞,面对多样的文化,我们也变得更加包容,同时我们也可以传播自己国家的文化。这样我的工作变成了一种满足。我时刻面带微笑迎接每一天的工作。北外对我来说不是冷冰冰的现代建筑,而是爱岗敬业、诲人不倦的老师,孜孜不倦汲取知识的学子的家园。敬这些胸怀大爱的人们!
▲ 娜塔莎的小女儿Evelina(8 岁)写给北外的小诗
祝我的学校生日快乐!
加油!
波兰语外教鲁安杰博士,自 2010 年起在北京从事波兰语教学工作,已培养 4 届波兰语言文学专业学生。2013 年获北京外国语大学“最受欢迎的外教”奖。2014 年12 月 19 日获波兰驻华大使馆“为波中关系发展做出贡献”奖章。2019 年获科技部主办的全国“我最喜爱的外教”十强。他教学经验丰富,教授波兰语精读、翻译等多门课程;工作认真负责,承担大量波兰语言文学教研室的教学工作和教研工作,包括但不限于编写适合中国人的文学教科书,出版教科书Oswoić Tekst(《驯服文本》)和多篇关于中国教学的学术及教学文章;心怀中国,了解中国。
当我来到中国,开始在北京外国语大学担任波兰语教师时,我既是老师,又是学生。我的学生们也被赋予了类似的角色,所以我们拥有平等的地位,至少理论上如此。我认为,这种角色分配很重要,原因有几个方面。首先,这能消除文化冲击感;其次,这使人们发觉和感触到那些刻板印象的存在,而后被特定民族和文化的新形象所取代。
我们还是从头说起吧……2010 年 8 月底,我落地北京(机场)T3 航站楼。记得那天天气很暖和,而我拎着沉重的手提行李,里面装了很多书,来迎接新的挑战。我很期待与当时北外波兰语教研室主任的第一次见面,他会来机场接我。之前,他只见过我的照片,还互发过邮件。但相认没有问题,因为他有一张纸,上面写着我的名字。在最初的愉快经历之后,我便开始了一系列证明中国人民善良、开放,尤其是好客的历程。去往大学校园的路上,我是在问东问西中度过的,惊讶于北京规模和建设的宏大。我们在路上经过的第一个古迹是雍和宫,这个地方我后来曾多次游览。主任带着我参观了校园,带我去吃饭、散步、健身、游泳的地方。被三环路分为西、东两部分的校园,尽管以中国人的标准来看并不是那么宽敞,但在我看来大得像海一样。西校区主要供外国学生和教师居住,东校区则供中国学生居住。我住的楼里汇聚了来自世界各地的语言教师。我立即开始寻找斯拉夫人,有他们的陪伴,我总会感觉很好。于是,我遇到了一个斯洛伐克人、一个捷克人、一个塞尔维亚人、一个克罗地亚人和一个斯洛文尼亚人,后来还有一个保加利亚人,都是女教师。这些女士都已经在中国生活了一年以上,或多或少拥有一些经验。她们非常坦诚地欢迎我进入她们的圈子。小店门口的红椅子,成为我们在和煦阳光下或夜晚的聚会场所。对我来说,这些红椅子从那一刻起就成了多元文化和热烈讨论的象征。大多数情况下,我们每个人都用自己的语言说话,这也证明了多样性中的统一性,我们总是能找到某种相处方式。
▲ 鲁安杰与北外波兰语专业师生合影
波兰语老师来到新的文化环境中,难免因缺乏经验而苦恼;学生在学习一门所知甚少的国家的语言时,同样会感到压力山大。从一开始,老师和学生就处于平等的地位。他们教学相长,互相支持。我总能感受到来自同学和上级的好意,得到他们的帮助。起初他们用中文帮我一些忙,后来他们还邀请我参加课外聚会,共进晚餐,实现波兰和中国的民间对话。这一切成为联结我们的特殊纽带,一直延续至今。也许这就是为什么我从来没有经历过文化冲击,反而渐渐地习惯了这种差异的原因。事实证明,这种差异并不像看起来那样巨大。
转眼已是 2021 年,距离我第一次来北京,开始在北京外国语大学工作已经过去了不少时间。周围的一切都在飞速变化着,校园的面貌已经和当初主任带我参观的时候,和我孩子般地天真询问一切的时候不一样了。从前在春夏之夜,老师们坐在红椅子上,就如何进行文化教学和有效教学交流经验、交换宝贵意见的地方已经不存在了。取而代之的,是东校区宏伟的图书馆。它的建筑让人钦佩和感动,特别是当我看到镂空外墙上用波兰语写着的“图书馆”的时候。这里有新的绿地和花坛,有为纪念中国与欧盟建交而种植的银杏园,有美丽的池塘,还有许多新的设施和教室。但有一件事物一直没有变,我希望永远不会变,那就是波兰语专业的教职员工、全校学生,以及外国教师们共同营造的美好氛围。正是因为有这些兢兢业业的人,八十年来,北京外国语大学才获得了中国最好的语言类大学的称号。如果我们注意到北外的年龄,那么八十年无疑为这所大学增添了厚重感。在欧洲,人们都说葡萄酒最精致的味道是随着年月的增长而酝酿出来的。大学也是如此。虽然寿星可能不喜欢大肆庆祝,但大学,包括老牌的北京外国语大学,自然可以为自己的特殊纪念日而自豪!
▲ 鲁安杰与北外波兰语专业易丽君教授及学生合影
Vivat academia,
vivant professores,
vivat membrum quodlibet,
vivant membra quaelibet,
semper sint in flore!
祝愿学校不朽,
教授长青,
高朋常在,
人才济济,
长盛不衰!
1987—1990 年及 1997—2001 年德意志学术交流中心委派外教,在北外德语系任教。克鲁姆博士在北外德语系任教期间,为本科生和研究生开设文学课、应用文写作课,举办讲座,辅导本科和硕士论文,并为《德语学习》杂志供稿,还为一本世界文学诗集撰写赏析文章。自 2001 年以来,他作为海德堡大学对外德语系和国际学习中心教师,往返于中德两国之间,在北外与海德堡大学的合作框架下同北外德语学院教师一起组织在北外举行的海德堡大学DSH考试。
1987—1990 年在北外英语二系任外教。邓安琪在任教期间教授英语课和国情课。
Our enduring fascination with China began in August 1987 when we landed in Beijing, Angela from Montreal and Peter from Heidelberg. As a DAAD lecturer, Peter had a contract as a lecturer in the German Department while Angela had signed on to teach for a year at the Second English Department. On the advice of a professor at McGill, Angela had travelled on a one-way ticket to China. “Who knows,” said the professor, “you might want to stay longer!” In total, we stayed for seven years, over two periods, from 1987 to 1990 and from 1997 to 2001.
▲ 20 世纪 80 年代末的学校西院大门
During this time, we had the opportunity to compare two “generations”of students, and were able to observe the different attitudes to life and studying between them. During the first period, the students at the German Department were very enthusiastic about expanding their horizons. Since travel was not as common then as it is now, learning a foreign language was a window to the world, and a chance to glimpse foreign cultures through literature, lectures, and any media available. Some students used the language as a stepping stone into business or graduate degrees abroad. Many students excelled. We were not surprised to see one of Peter’s former students on CCTV news perched between the Chinese premier and the German chancellor, acting as a translator for the visiting government delegation. Today some of his students are ministry officials, diplomats, high-ranking executives, and consultants for both Chinese and international companies. Still other former students are now on staff in the German Department at BFSU. Peter continues to engage in the strong relationship between Heidelberg University and BFSU. Prior to the pandemic and hopefully soon again, he travelled twice a year to Beijing to examine students eager to study in Germany.
▲ 邓安琪与学生合影
▲ 结婚证
▲ 在欧美同学会举办婚礼,接受同事们赠送的结婚贺礼
In the Second English Department, Angela taught middle school teachers who came from five northern provinces. During the second stay, she was employed in the public relations industry at a time when the Chinese economic boom was in full swing.
For us the years at BFSU are closely connected with our personal story.We met on the campus and a curious anecdote illustrates just how close that connection is. One night shortly after we had met, we were having dinner at a restaurant on the campus when a student approached us and asked if he could interview us. He was doing research on “western attitudes towards love and marriage”. His first question was “How long have you been in love?” Peter answered that he needed to talk to the lady before answering the question.Obviously we needed a little push from outside.
▲ 与同事合影
In 1989, we got married in Beijing (Angela wearing red) with two of our BFSU colleagues as witnesses. When we returned in 1997, it was with a five-year-old son, Lukas (Xiao Lu). His little brother, FeiFei, was born at the Beijing Union Medical College in December of that year. By the time we left China to return to live in Germany in 2001, both spoke fluent Chinese,now unfortunately lost, FeiFei with a slight Anhui dialect thanks to his wonderful āyí.
▲ 与学生们合影(约 2000 年)
Of the 80 year history of BFSU, we are proud to have been a part of it for 34 years. Many of our most abiding and fondest friendships were formed during our years at BFSU. We always felt very warmly-welcomed by the staff and students at BFSU. One aspect of our time at BSFU that we both enjoyed was the opportunity to learn about the rich culture of the country. We both felt we could learn as much if not more than we contributed.
▲ 与伊莎白·柯鲁克教授及其家人合影
To the president, staff, and all our friends at BFSU, we extend our warmest wishes and congratulations on the 80th anniversary of its founding!
意大利汉学家,现任北京外国语大学国际中国文化研究院长期外籍专家。麦克雷自 2009 年开始,一直在北外讲授拉丁语和古希腊语。他积极参与中西文化交流方面的科学研究,进行了大量的文献翻译、整理、校对工作,为拉丁语的推广及中西文化交流做出了特殊贡献。麦克雷的主要著作有《拉丁语基础教程》 (Lingua Latinaad Sinenses Discipulos Accomodata)、《汉学中的精神》 (Sinologia Spirituale)、《第一孔子翻译》(Il Primo Confucio Latino)等。
The colleagues. I am so honored to work with such friendly and professional colleagues. We are really a team. In particular, I would like to mention Professor Zhang Xiping. He gave me a wonderful example: the promotion of academic activities is not only teaching in a class or writing articles. It is also international exchanges, conferences, meetings, research of funding, establishing connections with other scholars, inviting experts, sharing research projects, urging students to work hard and better, linking with the government, cooperation with various institutions, and creation of a team spirit.Professor Zhang taught me that for the development of human culture you need to work hard, take risks and dream big.
关于同事们。我很荣幸能与如此善良和专业的同事们一起工作。我们真的是一个团队。我特别想提一下张西平教授。他是一个很好的榜样,让我知道,促进学术活动不仅仅局限于课堂教学或写文章,也包括安排国际交流、举办会议、找资金、与其他学者建立联系、邀请专家、分享研究项目、督促学生努力学习并做得更好、与政府联系、与各机构合作、培养团队精神。张西平教授教导我,要促进文化发展,就要努力,冒险,志向远大。
▲ 2009 年,与汉学中心(现在的国际中国文化研究院)老师及张西平院长在颐和园合影
The students. I met many students in these years. Many are now teachers,some also in BFSU. The passion for languages, the desire for cultural exchanges and the openness to the world without complex and without arrogance are the most beautiful characteristics of BFSU students.
关于学生们。这几年,我认识了很多学生。他们中许多人现在是老师,有些还留在了北外工作。对语言的热情、对文化交流的渴望和对世界开放的态度,心无杂念或傲慢,这些是北外学生最美丽的特点。
▲ 2010 年 10 月研究生拉丁语课
▲ 2011 年 12 月,学校举办北外外国专家新年盛宴
The other foreign experts. We share the same apartment complex and the same feeling of being considered—as all foreigners in China—both different and interesting. I experienced in BFSU that among academics the national identity is not a source of division or separation but a reciprocal enrichment.
关于其他外国专家。我们住在同一栋公寓楼,我们的感觉(与所有在中国的外国人一样)也大致相同:虽然我们不一样,但很多人对我们充满好奇。我在北外体会到,学者们不同的民族身份并不会造成分裂或分歧,反而会促进相互学习,相互丰富。
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[2]Li, X. (2015). Die Weltkarte des Matteo Ricci und ihre Bedeutung für Ostasien. In O. Breidbach, A. Christoph & R.Godel (Eds.), Welt-Anschauungen. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf die Ordnungen des Globalen (pp. 43–54). Halle a.d.S.: Leopoldina. Deutsche Nationale Akademie der Wissenscha en.
[3]Li, X. (2017). Erlauben die globalisierten Wissenscha en kulturelle Besonderheiten? In Nova Acta Leopoldina NF Nr. 414, 1–5. Halle.
[4]Labisch, A. (2017). Eurasian Transfer of Knowledge vs. Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge—The Times Before Writing.Paper presented at the A Global Perspective on the Past and Knowledge Transfer in East Asia. The Ninth Annual Meeting of the Society for Cultural Interaction in East Asia. President Prof. Li Xuetao. Institute for Global History—Beijing Foreign Studies University. 13th–15th May 2017 Beijing, Beijing Foreign Studies University. Beijing; vgl. Journal for Cultural Interaction in East Asia. 2018, 9, 31–58.
[5] Fangerau, H. & Labisch, A. (2020). Pest und Corona. Pandemien in Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft. Freiburg i.Br.:Herder.鼠疫与新冠.历史、当下以及未来的大流行病.海纳·冯格劳,阿冯斯·腊碧士著.李雪涛等译.
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