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沙尘气溶胶黑碳源解析:新论

时间:2023-09-24 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:由于BC的化学稳定性高,且多存在于细颗粒物中,在大气中的滞留时间可持续近1周,因此BC即使在远离排放源的地区,浓度依然较高,因此人们通过BC可以追溯人为活动的轨迹。尤其沿天山以北,那里是新疆重要的经济活跃地带。天山以南、沙漠以北及西部周边地区,分布着石油加工基地。这些工农业活动所排放出来的BC等污染物,必然会随着气团的移动而影响沙漠地区。

沙尘气溶胶黑碳源解析:新论

由于BC的化学稳定性高,且多存在于细颗粒物中,在大气中的滞留时间可持续近1周,因此BC即使在远离排放源的地区,浓度依然较高,因此人们通过BC可以追溯人为活动的轨迹。本章应用由美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration,NOAA)大气研究实验室开发的HYSPLIT 4.0模式,计算了气团的后向轨迹。根据模式对2007年1、4、7、10月份每天的后向轨迹进行分析,将影响塔中地区的气团运动分为3类:西北、西南和局地,见图12-8所示的塔中地区四季3个典型的后向轨迹图。其中图(a)表示来自西北气团的运动轨迹,图(b)表示来自西南气团的运动轨迹,图(c)表示局地气团的运动轨迹,图(d)表示东向气团轨迹。分析表明,四季中约70%以上的气流,主要是来自西面尤其西北方向气团的影响,局地气团的影响占到近30%,而来自东部气团的影响不足1%。

图12-8 塔中2007年后向轨迹分析(彩图见下载文件包,网址见14页脚注

(a)西北气团;(b)西南气团;(c)局地气团;(d)东向气团。图上方部分外文含义请参见127页图9-6图注。

塔克拉玛干沙漠周边以及北疆,分布着新疆地区重要的农业绿洲带,包括发电厂、水泥工业区、煤炭石油加工等。尤其沿天山以北,那里是新疆重要的经济活跃地带。天山以南、沙漠以北及西部周边地区,分布着石油加工基地。这些工农业活动所排放出来的BC等污染物,必然会随着气团的移动而影响沙漠地区。

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