根据以上四类语块的难易程度及学生认知情况,确定了五个语块为本节课重点,让学生习得。具体策略如下。
策略一
对“句子构造部分”类的语块采用空挡替换形式,帮助学生减轻语块学习负担。“句子构造部分”的语块通常为非连续的结构性短语,相对于固定表达,这类语块数量较多,具有可变性,且见于口语及书面中,如“Could you pass...,please ?”;“what really surprised me was...”;“firstly,secondly,and finally”;“not until...”;“While...”;等等。在教学过程中,教师要帮助学生把这些公式化的结构找出来,然后设置练习让学生进行空挡替换,从而达到熟练使用的程度。
如:当学到“It will be five hours before he comes back”一句时,教师要很快总结出“It will be /was...before...”公式化的语块,然后让学生进行空挡变换,如可以变成:
(1)It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.
(2)It was five days before he came back.
(3)It will he half a year before you graduate from the school.
在讲解“Eric runs in after the ball,followed by a big dog,walking very slow”句子时,让学生理解句子的意思,接着进行空挡变换训练。如:The teacher came into the classroom,______(follow)by the students. He lay on the grass,______(stare)at the sky for a long time. We sit in the classroom,_____(listen)to the teacher.最后,师生一起讨论这个语块公式:“句子,+doing /done”。接着,教师再让学生观察什么情况用过去分词,什么情况用现在分词。教师通过点拨让学生看句子主语与逗号后面动作之间的关系,即和主语之间的主被动关系,和主语间主动关系用doing,被动用done,这样学生就消解了不少语法困惑。
策略二
对“高频搭配”类的语块采用类比形式,帮助学生在语境中体味意义“高频搭配”类的语块,指的是经常可以用搭配使用的词块。课堂教学中,帮助学生用高频搭配类的语块方法很多,但主要有下列几种。
1.巧于解释,理解新语块
如可以设计同义句或反义句,让学生理解。
(1)This valuable vase is mine. / This valuable vase belongs to me.
(2)We won’t tolerate such behavior in our house!学生依据解释,迅速理解了语块的含义。
2.巧设语篇,操练新语块(www.xing528.com)
如在讲解“Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected”一句时,首先让学生揣摩含有expect的例句的含义,然后总结其含义和结构。
3.巧设情境,用准新语块
如在讲解“We won’t tolerate such behavior in our house!”时,笔者结合PPT图片,进行下列问答:
T:What happened to the boy ?
S1:He turned around and stared at the material on the bottom.
T:Was the teacher upset with that boy ? And Why ?
S2:Yes,the boy was cheating in the examination.
T:Do you think his teacher can tolerate his beating ?
S3:No. He can’t tolerate his cheating in the exam.
T:Yes,I think he can’t tolerate his behavior.
这样的对话情境,非常有助于学生理解tolerate的含义。学生在情境中交流不知不觉地掌握了tolerate sth./doing sth.的用法。为巩固tolerate的用法,再给几个汉英互译的句子让学生练习,这样学生以后用这个词块就准确了。
策略三
对“惯用短语”或“多词词汇”进行情境再造,帮助学生加深理解惯用短语主要是一些可以整体储存的语言构块(chunks),包括警句、套语等,这类语块相对少见,如“how are you”“not too bad”“kick the bucket”“The ball is on my court”“the man in the street”“color the truth”“eat like a bird”等,教师可以通过多种情境让学生习得。最常见的是依据语境,理解意义。如:当某人遇到困难时,可以宽慰说:“Don’t worry. It’s a piece of cake.”当某人不喜欢某事时,可以说:“Football is just not my cup of tea—I like playing basketball.”依托句子,从语义和结构对语块进行生动、形象、直观的解释,并结合具体情境进行转换,有利于增强记忆效果,确保语块使用准确而得体。
免责声明:以上内容源自网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知,我们将尽快删除相关内容。