1.商业类
（1）3 个商科概念：新兴市场、金砖国家和G20 成员国。毕竟随着时代变化，我们的祖国在国际上的地位已经发生了显著变化，已经不可以单单用发展中国家（developing country）来形容了。而且，商科方向也是阅读、听力S4 和写作当前重点开发的一个方向。
An emerging market (新兴市场) is a country that has some characteristics of a developed market, but does not meet standards to be a developed market.This includes countries that may become developed markets in the future or were in the past.The economies of China and India are considered to be the largest.The four largest emerging and developing economies are the BRICS countries (金砖国家) (the acronym (首字母缩写) for an association of following five major emerging national economies - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).The next five largest markets are South Korea (though, considered a developed market), Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia.Besides, Iran is also considered an emerging market.
The BRICS members are all leading developing or newly industrialized countries, but they are distinguished by their large, sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs; all five are G-20 members (G20 成员国).
The G20 (or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies.It was founded in 1999 with the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining (关于) to the promotion of international financial stability.It seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization.The members include China, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, Britain, the United States and the European Union.（音频269）
（2）共享经济。
This business mode focuses on the sharing of underutilised assets, monetized (货币化) or not, in ways that improve efficiency, sustainability and community.When you use one of the many online platforms/APPs available to rent a spare bicycle, provide car rides, or to connect and provide a number of other goods or services, you’re involved in what is sometimes called the sharing economy.
An emerging area of activity in the past few years, the sharing economy has changed how people commute, travel, rent vacation accommodations and perform many other activities.Although being confronted with many difficulties in China, the sharing economy allows individuals and groups to utilize technology advancements to arrange transactions to generate revenue from assets they possess - (such as cars and homes), or services they provide - (such as household chores (零工) or technology services).（音频270）
作为考生，可以先从借鉴入手，逐步消化观点以达到最终灵活运用的目的。
2.教育类
当今不少考生由于生活的单调以及课业的压力，对社会上诸多问题和现象没有自己的观点甚至没有基本的了解，那么和日常生活紧密相关的教育类话题就成了剖析Part3 的较好切入点。下面这句话可以作为背景句铺垫具体内容：The general education in China is always the main focus of the government and has attracted many public attention.
（1）大学前教育概况。
Education in China is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education.All citizens must attend school for at least nine years, known as the nine-year compulsory education, which the government funds.
It includes six years of primary education, starting at age six or seven, and three years of junior secondary education (middle school) for ages 12 to 15.Some provinces may have five years of primary school but four years for middle school.After middle school, there are three years of high school, which then completes the secondary education.（音频271）
（2）中国传统教育的特点。
从学生角度：
It feels like we are always expected to be the best.There is not any point in trying if you aren’t going to be top of the class because only the scores on tests matter.（音频272）
重学业轻其他：
Current problematic practice in education stresses only academic competence and so called academic achievement, violently ignoring the importance of nurturing the practical, organizational and acting abilities of the students.（音频273）
教育背景和前途：
Technically speaking, high scores in examinations or rather academic success is apparently the main pursuit by most students, parents and teachers.In China, a great educational background is always considered as a sure ticket to a lucrative career (高薪职业) and a successful life.（音频274）
学生标准化发展路径：
Children, consequently, are expected to go along the same growth path from a famous kindergarten to a good primary school to a key middle school and then hopefully to a well-known university.If a child shows no interest in traditional learning, even though he or she is talented in other fields, he or she will be considered as an idle person without big dreams and be severely punished.（音频275）
弊端：
This education principle was fruitful when university students were highly valued by the job market but no longer productive since this market has greatly changed.The cruel fact is that the employment market requires more than academic ability nowadays.People with admirable educational background could also fail due to lack of other abilities.To be a successful employee, there are many forms of abilities essential for a person, and we’d better strive for a balanced development to get real competence.（音频276）
（3）中国传统教育的另外一个特点。
优质教育资源不均衡导致高考（National Higher Education Entrance Examination，NEMT）极高的关键性。
历史原因：
National examinations to select students for higher education were an important part of Chinese culture, and, traditionally, entrance to a higher education institution is considered prestigious (有名望的).Although the examination system for admission to colleges and universities has undergone many changes during last decades, it remains the basis for recruiting academically able students.（音频277）
现状：
Such competitiveness has been derived from the imbalance between the huge population eager to be educated and the scarce educational resources of high quality, especially for higher educational institutions.As a result, almost all study in different stages of the 9 years compulsory educations is focused on and designed for the NEMT.（音频278）
趋势及留学：
Nowadays, as the educational level of Chinese has been increased, getting into college is no longer a remarkable achievement among the Chinese students.Instead, having a degree of an ordinary Chinese university already can’t satisfy the increasingly competitive society.Chinese parents and students have begun to place a high value on overseas education, especially at top American and European institutions such as Harvard, Oxford, and Cambridge University, which are “revered (尊崇)” among many middle-class parents.（音频279）
数据和低龄化：
Since 1999, the number of Chinese applicants to top schools overseas has increased tenfold.Much of the interest in overseas schools has been attributed to the release of how-to parenting books such as Harvard Girl, which spawned a "national obsession" with admissions to overseas schools.After 2005, the number of overseas students from China not only showed a growth trend, but also presented a lowering trend of age.（音频280）
来中国留学：
China has also become a top destination for international students.As of 2013, China is the most popular country in Asia for international students, and ranks the third overall among countries.（音频281）(www.xing528.com)
（4）中国传统教育的缺点。
Some of the prestige of overseas higher education is the result of weaknesses in the PRC’s education system, which stifles creativity in favor of rote memorization.（音频282）
城乡差距：
A huge gap in educational opportunities between students from rural areas and those from cities is one of the main defects.Some 60 million students in rural schools are “left-behind” children, cared for by their grandparents as their parents seek work in faraway cities.While many of their urban peers attend schools equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and well-trained teachers, rural students often huddle (蜷缩) in decrepit (破旧的) school buildings and struggle to grasp advanced subjects such as English and chemistry amid a dearth 缺乏of qualified instructors.Regarding this, some observers claim that, “Rural students stand virtually no chance when competing academically with their urban counterparts.”（音频283）
The emphasis of English education only emerged after the Reform and Opening- up Policy adopted by China a few decades ago.However, a current estimate of the number of English speakers in China is over 200 million and rising, with 50 million secondary schoolchildren now studying the language.
In China, most schoolchildren are taught their first English lesson at the age of 10.Despite the early learning of English, there is widespread criticism of the teaching and learning of the language.In many cases, schools in China are evaluated and financed based on test results.This causes teaching to be geared towards the skills tested and students focus on rote-memorization (written and oral repetition) as the main learning strategy.These methods, which fit very well with the Chinese way of learning, have been criticized as fundamentally flawed by Western educationalists and linguists.Furthermore, newly learned words are seldom put into use.This arises because almost everyone in China communicates through Mandarin and English is perceived to be of little use for most people.（音频284）
英语口语不佳的部分原因：
Teachers do not appear concerned about any possible psychological harm resulting from their public correction practices, such as lowered self-esteem.Rather, they believe such corrections will help children work harder so as to avoid future mistakes.The threat of a public reprimand (谴责) and “disgrace” appears to be a strong, pervasive influence upon children’s behavior.The importance of “face” has a long history in Chinese culture and loss of face results from public embarrassment and failure to meet group expectations.（音频285）
调查统计：
According to a national survey, only half of the teachers consider that vocabulary should be learned through conversation or communication.A far smaller percentage support activities such as role-playing or vocabulary games.（音频286）
（5）出国留学。
申请留学的个人陈述（personal statement）也会提到，留学的几大好处有：
Firstly, people take for granted that, as long as we study in an English speaking country and attend classes taught in this language, our English ability would surely be improved.To certain extent, the fact answers with – Yes.While for those scared of making mistakes in public always tend to gather with other ‘Chinese-only’ students for their entire Uni-life (大学生活).The result is, most of them getting back to China with overseas degrees actually show no great progress in the ability to use English.
Secondly, you would be required to hand in essays or projects as assignments instead of other forms of homework, such as quizzes and multiple choices.Beside, sometimes, a presentation in English in front of the whole class or even hundreds of people would be necessary for certain subjects.By doing these things alone or in group, your ability of academic writing and researching could be significantly improved, and your confidence could also be well built.
Further more, if you are initiative enough, you could enjoy the happiness gained from cross culture communication.Making local friends or meeting people from all over the world would definitely expand your horizon.In your daily life, you could immerse yourself fully into their world, experience different ways of building relationship, making foods, celebrating festivals and so on.（音频287）
当然，有机遇（opportunities）就会有挑战（challenges）：
One of the best things about studying internationally might be the mix of people you are supposed to come across.However, meeting people from almost every corner of the globe could also be challenging.Communication crossing different cultures and religions would not always bring us knowledge and fun, but conflicts sometimes.Specifically, arguments are rooted in various history or world views.Even just different diet custom could lead to worsening of relations.
Let’s also come down to earth, and worry about their daily lives abroad, because studying overseas is not necessarily a pleasant or simple experience for them, especially for those starting at an earlier age.Far away from the care and protection their family and relations could provide, they have to see the doctor on their own no matter how sick they are; they have to feed themselves and learn to cook when their find the dishes available doesn’t suit their taste or just unaffordable.Sometimes, or in many cases, they take part-time jobs normally as a waiter or waitress, shuttling from campus to work place, to make money to support their studies or just for experience.What makes it worse is that making telephone calls or video chatting seems not to compensate your bad feelings effectively when they are away from home for quite a long period.Luckily and finally, most international students have been taught to be independent and skillful, and they should appreciate the days fighting there when they enter into the job market.（音频288）
（6）家长的教育观与学校教育现状。
Parents in China, especially the middle-class or well-educated ones, are increasingly aware of the importance of education for their children.They believe in and value the benefits better education could bring about.They are always concerned about which school they should choose for their children to access to the best education possible.Despite the extremely high tuition fee, many parents believe private schools are worth to be chosen since they provide their kids with better teaching resources and facility.For those children studying in public schools, parents are constantly complaining about overcrowded classrooms and lack of communication from the teaching staff.（音频289）
费用：
Regarding the tuition fee, many parents experience financial stress as their children book extracurriculum activities, especially those musical instrument classes with additional costs.Moreover, class selection fee, either formally or informally incurred to parents is a huge burden to their family.Although many charges might be illegal according to current policy, parents are willing to pay the fee to let their children study in a better environment.（音频290）
课程改革和毕业选择：
Recently many proposals to change the new curriculum has been widely spread, as students have been complaining about the heavy workload and obsolete (过时的) knowledge.As China becomes more open to outside contact and influences, traditional teaching comes into conflict with Western ideas about “developmentally appreciated practices” and goals of creativity, autonomy and critical thinking.As a result, many schools have added economy and IT classes into their curriculum to allow their students more updated knowledge and skills.On the other hand, many students consider to go straight to work after high school to gain more work experience as they feel they can’t learn anything from university.（音频291）
总结：
Overall, despite so many heated debates regarding general education, we can not deny its importance to each individual and the whole society.So any changes in policy or funding should be carefully assessed and discussed.（音频292）
In the school days, the students have to wear special uniforms, start learning at around 07：00 and end in the evening, normally at 20：30.
Lessons are focused on note-taking and repetition, and academic achievements are tested as the ability of rote.Normally, students have to copy “stuff” from the board as they think this would help them remember it.
During the classes, children are expected to give their complete attention to the teacher and participate fully.Talking or playing with other children is not allowed.And respect for the teacher and prompt, unquestioning obedience are also expected.
After class, they are required to clean their own classrooms, normally taking turns.（音频293）
（8）当代学生特点变化。
Previously, the students generally appeared to be orderly, attentive, hard-working and eager to please the teacher.I saw very few incidents of peer conflicts or inattentive or disruptive behavior in the 1990s, and seldom were there cases of disrespect or lack of prompt obedience to the teacher’s requests.
However, the one child policy in the People’s Republic of China has been altering family roles and child-rearing practices, raising concerns about the possible harmful effects of too much attention and pampering (纵容).It has been found that these “little emperors and princesses” were more egocentric (自我中心的), less persistent and less cooperative than children with siblings (兄弟姐妹).
Besides, this policy has also affected the schools in a certain way.It has strengthened the emphasis upon education for young children and the families’ strong involvement and investment in their only child.Teachers report that not only are parents very interested in their children’s school success, but they are also very quick to criticize teachers if they feel their child has been treated unfairly or too harshly.（音频294）
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