雅思口语一点通：建筑地点类常考话题

（一）题目剖析

此类话题在近年考试中虽然只占大约十分之一，但是由于一些同学平时缺乏准备和在考试中缺乏方法，往往表现不理想。其实，建筑地点类和物品类有些相似，对于外观的描述也是基本切入点，包括长宽高、颜色、风格等，当然也可以提到功能。

（二）描述自家房屋相关词汇

1.位　置

entrance hall 门厅；living/sitting room 客厅/起居室；skylight 天窗；winding corridor 回廊；bedroom 卧室；study 书房；balcony 阳台；windowsill 窗台；bathroom 浴室；toilet/lavatory /washroom 卫生间；courtyard 庭院；flowerbed 花坛；terraced house 带露台的房子。

2.家　具

built-in wardrobe 壁橱；tea table 茶几；carpet 地毯；bedside lamp 床头灯；dressing table梳妆台；curtain 窗帘；shutter 百叶窗；swivel chair 转椅；rocking chair 摇椅；central heating/air-conditioning 集中供暖/中央空调；radiator 暖气片；screen 屏风。

3.风　格

Mediterranean 地中海的；natural 自然的；Nordic 北欧的；navigational 航海；ethnic 民族的；traditional/classical Chinese 传统/经典中式的；American country 美式乡村；comfortable舒适的；Baroque 巴洛克式；grand/ palatial 富丽堂皇的；simple 简约的。

4.分　类

cathedral 大教堂；church 教堂；palace 宫殿；cultural relic 文化遗产；residential building民居建筑；skyscraper 摩天大楼；X/ten-storey office block X 层办公大楼。

大型的建筑比如商场（shopping center）、旅馆（hotel）、博物馆（museum）和宫殿（palace）等可能有休息厅（lounge）、垂直上下电梯/自动扶梯（elevator/escalator）、天窗（skylight）和咖啡厅（café）等。

（三）自然景观

参考词汇：

artificial hillock 假山；fantastic rocks 奇石；pavilion 亭子；foliage 绿叶植物；shrug 灌木；forest 森林；plain 平原；rugged 崎岖的

总体印象：

建筑技巧：architectural technique；

观感好：appealing, attractive, comfortable, elegant, splendid 壮丽的；

印象：awe-inspiring 使人敬畏的，令人惊叹的；majestic/ magnificent 庄严的，宏伟的；significant 突出的；thrilling 毛骨悚然的，令人兴奋的；unique charm 独特魅力；

观感差：crumbling 破碎的；dusty, shabby 破旧的；messy 凌乱的；

年代：old; ancient; new; modern.

说明建筑/地点的句型：

（1）The most interesting building I visited is X.

（2）I’ve traveled to many places and visited a lot of wonderful buildings.Among them the most interesting one is X.

（3）X is famous for its breath-taking cliffs.This beautiful natural scenery lures（吸引着）countless visitors.

介绍建筑/地点的位置、参观时间的句型：

（1）X is located to the 方位 north/south/east/west of Y；

X 位于Y 以北/南/东/西；（在Y 之外）

X is located in the north/south/east/west of Y；

X 位于Y 的北/南/东/西部。（在Y 之内）

（2）X is a famous and scenic summer/sea resort located at/to/in Y.

（3）X/Lincoln Park is one of my favourite parks, which is situated on the eastern/western/ southern/northern outskirts of Y city.

（四）结构和功能

这部分内容可以和听力以及写作的地图题类似，重点可以放在布局（layout）和功能上。比如说图书馆内有个咖啡厅（café），located in the east corner on the second floor of the library, just besides the stairs.It offers all kinds of coffee, such as Mocha, latte, cappuccino and even some international choices are available, like Civet coffee (猫屎咖啡) etc.Besides, free Wifi access is available 24 hours there, with all types of recharger connections offered.（音频151）

几乎所有的名胜古迹、知名建筑、园林公园等都可以容得下一个值得一提的咖啡屋/休息室的。在按照游览经历介绍地点的时候，通过“Especially; There is a coffee shop /lounge I’d like to mention/worth mentioning; I believe I have to introduce the coffee shop/lounge there to you”等就可以增加内容。当你可谈论内容不足的时候，可尝试用这种方法。

例如：Cappuccino - Espresso coffee（意式浓缩）mixed or topped with steamed milk or cream；

速溶instant; flat white 又叫作小白咖啡或者新澳咖啡。

以上内容同样适用 “Describe a café which you have been to” 此题结合事件经历类的 “good service” 就完美了；也适用于 “Describe a place for study”，突出它的安静舒适即可。

其他描述外观的手段:

（1）be made of＋material

例如：The Great Wall is made of thousands and thousands of bricks.

The building is made completely of glass.

（2）be covered with

例如：The roofs of the Forbidden City are covered with yellow tiles（瓷砖，瓦片）.

（3）be decorated with

例如：The roofs of the building are decorated with Chinese dragons and flowers.

The rooms are decorated with paintings of ancient Chinese life.

（4）be painted＋colour

例如：The building is painted white, just like the White House in Washington.

there demonstrate

例如：There demonstrate golden Buddhas（佛陀的复数形式）of huge size in the temple.

描述建筑/地点的具体特征的句型：

（1）The tower has five floors/layers.On the top of this tower you can enjoy the view of X.

（2）X is a peaceful place where people can relax themselves.

（3）X is a magnificent building in national/Y style which fully shows the wisdom and creativity of the people.

解释喜欢这个建筑/地点原因的句型：

（1）I like the building for its X.I think it’s a wonderful example/masterpiece（杰作）of traditional Chinese architecture/Y.

（2）I like the library/museum/X not only for its Y, but also for its Z.It helps me a lot in my study.

（3）Unlike traditional accommodation/X, my house is special in two things.One is X.The other is Y.

（五）基础话题

本书听力资源

1.建筑类

先来看一个经典题目：Talk about a museum you have visited.

关于建筑类范文，我们可以参考听力——恐龙博物馆。作为一个独白介绍，这些内容稍加改编后完全可以作为我们Part2 的参考，注意画线部分的描述，同时，为满足不超过2 分钟的要求，我们可以简略说活动，重点说建筑本身：

You know, I’m a lways looking for a chance to v isit the Dinosaur Museum in my city, and I’d like to tell you a bit about what a visitor can do there.

Well let me give you some of the basi c information first.In regard to opening hours, it’s open every day of the week from 9.am to 8.pm except on Mondays, when it closes a little bit earlier - at 1.30 pm.And in fact, the only day in the year when it’s closed is on the 25th December.

You can book a gu ided tour in a provisional (临时的) group any time that it’s open.When your group arrives, you are asked to remain with your group at the car park, one or more of the tour guides will welcome you there and brief you what the tour will be about.They do this there because their entrance is quite small and they really haven’t got much room for briefing group in the exhibition area as far as the amount of time you’ll need goes.

If you travel with your group, you should plan on allowing a minimum of 90 minutes for the visit.This allows 15minutes to get on and off your coach, 45 minutes for the guided tour and 30 minutes for the after-tour activities.If you are going to have lunch at the museum you will, of course, have to allow more time.There are two cafes in the museum with sitting for 80 people.If you want to eat there you’ll need to reserve some seating, as they can get quite crowded at lunch time.Then outside the museum at the back there are tables, and visitors can bring their own lunch and eat there in the open air.

When the guests coming into the museum foyer, they are asked to check in their backpacks with their belongings and lunch boxes at the cloakroom before they enter the museum proper.Because in the past the museum had few things gone missing after visit, this is a derived and strict rule.Also some of the exhibits are fragile and they don’t want to be accidentally knocked.But they do provide visitors handouts with questions and quizzes on them.

There is so muc h that p eople ca n l earn in the mu seum and it is fun for them to ha ve something to do.Of course they’ll need to bring something to write with for these.Besides, taking photographs is allowed.And finally they should not bring anything to eat into the museum or drinks of any kind.

There are also a few things a visitor can do after the tour in the theatrette on the ground floor.There are continuous screenings of short documentaries about dinosaurs which they can see anytime.

They used to have an activity room with more interactive things such as making dinosaur model and drawing and painting pictures and even hunting on the dinosaur eggs but unfortunately the room was damaged in the bad storm recently so that is closed at the moment.

But they do have an IT center where visitors have access to CD ROMs with a range of dinosaur games.These games are a lot of fun but they also teach the players about the lives of dinosaurs, how they found food, protected their habitat, survived threat, that kind of thing.

And I think that’s all I want to tell you.（音频152）

2.地　点

Describe a worth visiting place in your city./ Describe a place where you would like to go./ Describe an interesting place you have visited/spent your holiday./ Describe a place where a lot of tourists visit./ Describe a famous tourist destination/ interesting part in your country/town./ Describe a place you plan to travel to that is far away from your home./ Describe a place you visited but only for a short period of time.

图2.2 是C9T2S2 的听力地图题原图，我们可以把这个公园作为地点类的范文参考（近期热门话题 “Describe a park or garden you visited and liked / impressed you”）：

图2.2　雅思听力题配图

I’d delighted to tell you about the Wildlife Club, which is a famous tourist point in my town, located in the countryside and famous for its plants and creatures.I think you’ll be surprised at the variety they have there.I’ll start by telling you about some of the parks and open spaces nearby.

One v ery p leasant p lace is Halland Common.This has been public land for hundreds of years, and what you’ll find interesting is t hat the River Ouse, which flows into the sea eight kilometers away, had its source in the common (公有地).There is an information board about the plants and animals you can see there, and by the way, the common is accessible 24 hours a day.

Then there’s Holt Island, which is noted for its great range of trees.In the past willows were grown here commercially for basket-making, and this ancient craft has recently been reintroduced.The island is onl y open t o the public from Friday to Sunday, becaus e it’s quite small, and if there were people around every day, much of the wildlife would keep away.

From there it’s just a short walk across the bridge to Longfield Country Park.Longfield is a modern replica of a farm over two thousand years ago.Children’s activities are often arranged there, like bread-making and face-painting.The park is only open during daylight hours, so bear that in mind if you decide to go there.

And finally I’d like to tell you about their new wildlife area, Hinching brooke Park, which will be opened to the public next month.It’s a little diff icult to des cribe ho w b ig it is, but anyway, there are two gates into the park and the main paths.You know what? There’s a lake in the north west of the park, with a bird hide to the west of it, at the end of a pa th.So it’ll be a nice quiet place for watching the bird on the lake.

Fairly close to where refreshments are available, there’s a dog-walking area in the southern part of the park, leading off from the path.And if you just want to sit and relax, you can go to the flower garden; that’s a circular area surrounded by paths.

And finally, there’s a wooded area in the western section of the park, between two paths.Okay, I believe that’s enough from me.（音频153）

风格和感觉：

比如：This coffee shop is decorated in Mediterranean style which uses wood as much a s possible and shows the owner’s pursuit of nature.Besides, being a peaceful place, it creates a pleasing environment and makes its guests easily relaxed.（音频154）

上面提到的公园因为旁边有一个湖泊（lake），所以也适合题目“Describe a place near lots of water or open space.”或“Describe a beach（不一定非得是海滩，还有湖滨的意思）you have visited”。接下来，我们来看近年的另一热门话题——近水之地：Describe a place near a river or a sea you enjoy visiting.

很多考生，尤其是内地城市的同学可能选材受限。那么，我们来说说西安护城河以及离它不远的近水之地，城市标志建筑——钟楼，同时它又是历史建筑（a historical building in your hometown）。

开头可以先铺垫一下：Actually, I’v never travelled to any place outside Xi’an city so the places near rivers or seas I could share are really limited.If I have to talk about such location, I’d like to describe a landmark – the Bell Tower in my place which is not far from the city moat（护城河）.

简介：

The Bell Tower, is a stately（庄严的）traditional b uilding, that marks the geographical center of the ancient capital.From this important landmark extend East, South, West and North Streets, connecting the Tower to the East, South, West and North Gates of the City Wall of the Ming Dynasty, which is accompanied by the city moat.The tower was built more than 600 years ago by an Emperor as a way to dominate the surrounding countryside and provide early warning of attack by rival rulers.

外形：

This wooden tower, which is the la rgest and best -preserved of its kind in China, is 36 meters high.It stands on a brick base 35.5 meters long and 8.6 meters high on each side.During the Ming Dynasty, Xian was an important military town in Northwest China, a fact that is reflected in the size and historic significance.

结构：

Regarding its structure, it has three layers of eaves（屋檐）but only two stories.Standing on the top floor, visitors could enjoy the view of the city moat while drinking coffee.Inside, a staircase spirals up（盘旋直上）.The grey bricks of the square base, the dark green glazed tiles（琉璃瓦）on the eaves, gold-plating（镀金）on the roof and gilded（镀金的）color painting make the tower a colorful and dramatic masterpiece of Ming-style architecture.In addition, the engravings（雕刻）on the doors reflect the decorative fashion of Ming and Qing Dynasties, recounting（叙述）popular stories of ancient China.

周围：

A fenced-in（用栅栏围起来的）area around the tower is planted with grass and flowers.In early spring, the tender（初放的）plum blossoms（梅花）and bright new grass surrounding provide a harmonious（和谐的）contrast.Not far from the Tower, modern shopping malls and a brightly decorated square reveal the prosperity（繁荣）of the city.When night falls, lanterns（灯笼）hung from the eaves illuminate the tower, making it even more enchanting.

总结和门票交通：

The Bell Tower definitely deserves a visit on your trip to Xian which just costs you 35 Yuan and about 1 hour.Besides, the transportation there is quite convenient with Subway Line 2 connected and buses reaching almost every corner of the city.（音频155）

以上内容还可以用来回答 “Describe a big/beautiful city you visited.” 开口引入城市简介，比如Actually, I’v never travelled to any place outside Xi’an city, so let me tell you something about my city.It is located at the entrance to the 5 western provinces of China, and referring to its size and population, I believe it’s proper to address it as a big city, because there are up to 9 million people living here and currently 3 subway lines available.(www.xing528.com)

Although this is a metropolis（大都市），it’s well known for its long history and famous ancient buildings such as the Bell Tower.（音频156）

当谈论 “Describe a city you know that has air pollution.” 时，以上城市内容加上对工厂和人口数量，以及各种交通方式等的描述，自然可以说明它的空气污染（air pollution）；同时，“Describe your favorite part in your city or town.”和“Describe a historical place that you visited.”这两题也就同理可求了。

（六）新题与难题

（1）比较难的话题有：Describe a sea or river./ Describe a naturally beautiful place./ Describe a famous place where people like to go swimming./ Describe a place that can be good for relaxing.我们仍然以护城河为例——西安的护城河，最早是天然河流，当然也可以是人们喜欢游泳和放松的地方。

外形和位置：

The moat, originally more than 14 kilometers long for its in-city valley, 18 meters wide and more than 6 meters deep, runs around our Xi’an city center as historical record shows.

历史：

Actually, this river was remoulded together with the building of the City Wall during Ming Dynasty, making it over 600 years old.It is the oldest and most well preserved moat in all of China.Because of its favourable natural condition, just little modification has been made to it, this river keeps its original look in many aspects.

功能：

Previously, this moat was part of a complete and perfected defense system and over the moat, there used to be a huge suspense bridge which would cut off the way in and out of the city, once lifted.The moat itself is a true display of the ability and wisdom of the working people in ancient times.It provides invaluable and substantial material for the study of the history, military science, and architecture of the Ming Dynasty.

Today, after the repairs that have been made by the local government, the moat has taken on a new look.A circular park has been built in between the high wall and the deep moat, all around the city.The thriving trees and flowers, the rockeries in the park, and the buildings of classical Chinese architecture, together with the city wall, make Xi’an more beautiful.（音频157）

（2）环境问题。

Describe a place (city/village) you have been to that was polluted./ Describe a pollution that causes a great problem in your city./ Describe a problem that you face your city./ Describe something irritating（气人的）in your community./ Describe a law you would like to introduce in your community./ Describe a change that has happened to the place you live in.

类似的话题在物品类最后部分法律里讲过城市空气污染的问题和措施（变化），这里还可以结合上面河流的内容，谈谈水污染。

污染：

Unfortunately, a few years ago, due to dirty source of water discharged and littering & dumping of large amount of garbage, the moat became a place full of complaints and disappointment.

立法和措施：

Recently, a new law was introduced to prohibit any action which would lead to pollution to and deterioration of this river.Besides, researches and measures have been taken to solve this problem.Floating beds have been used to plant cannas（美人蕉）to purify heavily-polluted water of Xi’an moat.（音频158）

补充参考材料：

幼儿园的实体环境Physical Environment of a Chinese kindergarten

A kindergarten often has several classroom buildings surrounding an enclosed courtyard.This courtyard serves as the playground and is used extensively between classroom lessons.The playground contains equipment for large motor activities, including slides (滑梯), merry- go-rounds (旋转木马) and swings (秋千).Bright colors and dragon or elephant shapes provide added appeal.The ground cover is usually a sturdy brick or concrete, with no sand, grass or airs to soften falls (软化掉).A few trees, bushes and flowers do, however, beautify the environment.Children are generally free to choose their own activities, with little teacher-directed activities or even supervision.

Each group of children has its own large classroom, plus a separate room with beds for afternoon naps.Small tables and chairs for each child occupy much of such room.Several groups of children generally share toilet facilities and washrooms.

The better-equipped centers may possess one shelf of toys and books available for children’s use during their free time.Elaborate, artistic, teacher-made decorations and children’s work brighten up otherwise drab (单调的) rooms.Artistically talented teachers paint large murals (壁画) of children and animals in the hallways and place large, colorful clowns (小丑) on the wall.（音频159）

（七）练　习

（1）Describe a shop that just opened in your hometown.

You should say:

Where the shop is;

When it opened;

What it sells;

And how you feel about the shop.

（2）Describe a place that has been polluted.

You should say:

Where it is;

When you visited that place;

Why you visited that place;

And explain how serious that place has been polluted.

（3）Describe a quiet place.

You should say:

Where it is;

When you like to go there;

What you do there;

Why you like to visit there.

（八）2019 年5 到8 月新题

1.理想的房子

You should say:

Where this place is;

What it is like;

When you want to live there;

And explain why it is ideal to you.

Part 3：

What are the differences between living in the city and living in the countryside?

What are the disadvantages of living in the city?

Can you compare the past and the present of cities?

2.新建公共设施

Describe a newly built facility (such as parks, cinemas etc.) that influences your city.

You should say:

Where this facility is;

When it was built;

What people can do there;

What influence this facility has.

Part 3：

What measures should be taken to deal with damage on public facilities?

What are the differences between old facilities and new facilities?

What facilities do young people and old people like in your country?

What’s the difference between facilities in the countryside and the ones in the cities?

3.长途旅行的地方

Describe a place you plan to travel to that is far away from your home.

You should say:

Where it would be;

How you would like to go there;

What you would do there;

And explain why you would like to go there.

Part 3：

Where do Chinese people like to travel to?

Do people in your country like to have holidays?

What are the disadvantages of working overtime?

What kinds of activities do people like to do for holidays?

Why do some people prefer to stay at home during holidays?

4.历史建筑

Describe a historical building you have been to.

You should say:

Where it is;

What it looks like;

What it is used for now;

What you learned there;

And how you felt about this historical building.

Part 3：

Do Chinese like to visit historical buildings?

Why do people visit historical buildings?

Is it necessary to protect historical buildings?

Do most people agree to the government’s funding to protect historical buildings?

5.公　园

Describe a park/garden you like visiting.

You should say:

Where the park is;

When you visit it;

What the park is like;

And explain why you like visiting it.

Part 3：

What are the benefits that a park can bring to a city?

Should people help clean public gardens?

Do young people go to the park every often?

Why do some people plant flowers at home?