两广新命戎马倥偬-王阳明督军挫敌攻心

New Political Career in Guangdong and Guangxi&Military Life

此心光明

THE HEART OF BRIGHTNESS

162.明朝嘉靖元年（1522），在广西田州和思恩一带，经常发生少数民族之间的民族矛盾，一些世袭的各族头人（又叫“土官”）因为争夺财产和土地而互相仇视，常常发生互相斗殴、残杀事件，或者起兵叛乱，反抗朝廷。嘉靖六年（1527）九月，朝廷特命王阳明以都察院左都御史的身份总督两广、江西、湖广军务，出征田州、思恩。

162.In the first of Ming Jiajing's reign year（1522），there were always some ethnic conflicts among minorities in Tianzhou and Si'en in Guangxi.Leaders of every ethnic group，who had hereditary right，hated each other and got into fight because of competing for property and land，even had some rebellion and fought against the imperial court.In September of the 6th Ming Jiajing's reign year（1527），the imperial court commanded that Wang Yangming，with the title of Top Censor of the court censors，supervise the military affairs of Guangdong，Guangxi，Jiangxi and Huguang，and go on an expedition to Tianzhou and Si'en.

163.王阳明于十二月二十六日到达南宁，下令撤掉由前都御史姚镆所调集起来的三省军队数万人。卢苏、王受等大小酋长土官，早对王阳明怀有敬畏之心。先生转告他们：“只要亲自来军门投降认错，我一定宽宥你们的死罪。”

163.Wang Yangming arrived in Nanning on the 26th of December，and commanded to eliminate over ten thousand of armies，which were gathered by Yao Mo.Lu Su，Wang Shou and other local tribe chiefs admired and were afraid of Wang Yangming very much.Wang Yangming passed on what he said to them，“As long as you come here to surrender and admit mistakes，I will assure you free from penalty of death.”

164.卢苏和王受得到传话，一同来到南宁府城外，穿上囚服，用麻绳捆缚上身，率领数百名大小头目，亲赴总督府军门投见王阳明，乞求免除一死。王阳明说：“免除死罪可以，但如果不对你们表示一点责罚，何以泄军民的愤恨？”于是，叫执刑官拉下卢苏、王受，将二人各处以杖刑一百。

164.When Lu Su and Wang Shou heard of the words，they went outside of Nanning government mansion together.They both put on the prison uniforms with hemp rope，leading hundreds of tribe leaders to Wang Yangming's office and begged for being free from penalty of death.Wang Yangming said，“Surrender can free you from penalty of death，but you must get some punishment to comfort local soldiers and folks.”Then，he asked the executive officers to give Lu Su and Wang Shou each spanking of 100 times.

165.王阳明深知“擒山中贼易，擒心中贼难”。他亲手解掉他俩身上的绳索，语重心长地说：“今天宽宥你们的死罪，是朝廷的仁德，打你们一百板子，是我的执法之理义。你们应该诚心向化，改恶从善，竭忠报国。”听了王阳明的话，卢苏、王受幡然醒悟，流下了眼泪，当即跪在王阳明面前，表示永不辜负朝廷厚恩，永不反叛。

165.Wang Yangming knew that it's easy to capture them，but it's not easy to make them convinced.He released the two guys'hemp rope by himself，and told them with sincere words and earnest wishes，“The imperial court is kind to free you from penalty of death today and it's my job to give you spanking.You should be sincere to restart your career and be loyal to the country.”After hearing these，Lu Su and Wang Shou suddenly realized their mistakes with tears，went down on their knees to express their sincerity and loyalty to the country.

166.就这样，王阳明不动一刀一箭，不杀一人一目，以神武不杀之威，化解了少数民族地区分裂、仇杀的激烈矛盾。王阳明当即奏请朝廷，说明利害关系，强调治理少数民族理应依从少数民族的特殊风俗情况。他要求在广西一带仍然设立土官自治，只有这样才可以保证西南边远地区的长治久安。

166.In this way，Wang Yangming solved the intense ethnic conflicts of minorities without any killing and fights.Wang Yangming immediately reported to the imperial court with the benefits and harms of managing minorities by their own special customs.He insisted that self-government should be set in Guangxi area，and only in that way，the lasting political stability in southwestern area could be assured.

167.王阳明在平定了田州、思恩“叛乱”的事件之后，得知广西的断藤峡、八寨等地所盘踞着的地方武装割据势力常常攻打州府，劫掠居民，荼毒一方，严重干扰了朝廷的政治统治。为此，他进行了平生最后一场战争。

167.After suppressing the rebellion in Si'en and Tianzhou，Wang Yangming heard about the local armed forces in Duanteng Canyon and Eight Stockaded Villages in Guangxi.They always attacked the government and robbed the local residents，which interrupted the political rule of the imperial court.Therefore，he had the last battle in his lifetime.

168.断藤峡地处广西腹地，崇山峻岭，山高路险，悬崖绝壁，水流湍急。断藤峡与八寨相互毗连，渡过断藤峡向西，即可通往八寨之地。王阳明攻打断藤峡的主力军队是前都御史姚镆召集的6000名湖广土兵。先生故意大肆撤退土兵，做出撤兵的假象。(www.xing528.com)

168.Duanteng Canyon is located in an important area of Guangxi，and its surrounded by high mountains and lofty hills.The environment is pretty terrible.Its closely connected with Eight Stockaded Villages.Moving to the west after Duanteng Canyon is the access to Eight Stockaded Village.The main army force Wang Yangming led was the 6000 tribe soldiers which were gathered by Yao before.Wang Yangming pulled out the tribe soldiers deliberately to make the enemies believe that they had withdrawn.

169.同时，王阳明派出密探对周边各寨的道路交通等情况进行了细致翔实的了解，制定了具体可行的作战方案，并明确了进军路线。他强调：“断藤峡之战的根本目的是定乱安民，斩除贼首，不以多获首级为功，毋得侵扰一草一木，有犯令者，当以军法斩首示众。”

169.At the same time，Wang Yangming sent out some secret agents to get to know the traffic situation around every village，made detailed and practical strategies along with attacking routes.He stressed，“The main aim of this battle in Duanteng Canyon is to clear the chaos and calm the folks.Don't take killing leaders as your achievement or you will get penalty of death if you break it.”

170.嘉靖七年（1528）四月初二凌晨，以土兵为主力的王阳明大军发起了对断藤峡各主要大寨的突然进攻。迅雷不及掩耳的军事行动，让敌人猝不及防，使他们立刻陷入一片混乱之中。王阳明率领的土兵骁勇善战，锐不可当，他们人人手臂上绑有黄布，让敌人闻风丧胆。到二十四日，主要敌军被肃清，断藤峡之战宣告结束。

170.On the early morning of the second day of April of the 7th Ming Jiajing's reign year，the army force，mainly the tribe soldiers，started attacking each main village of Duanteng Canyon in a real quick way.The enemies were caught unprepared and got into chaos.The soldiers of Wang's armies were pretty strong and brave with yellow mark on their arms，which made enemies scared.On the 24th of the month，the main force of enemy was cleared out and the battle ended at last.

171.八寨，是指八个大的主要山寨。每一个山寨都有1000多口人，各据险要，各自为战。一旦官兵来袭，八寨便相互勾连，形成整体，协同作战。收编的卢苏、王受的军队熟悉地形，善于山区作战，是围剿八寨的主力部队。

171.Eight Stockaded Villages referred to eight main mountain villages.Each of them had over 1000 folks，they worked and fought for themselves.However，once attacked，they would cooperate and fight against the enemies together.Wang Yangming's armies，which were mainly embodied from Lu Su's and Wang Shou's forces，were quite familiar with the geographical situation and were good at fighting in mountain areas，which became the main force to take down Eight Stockaded Villages.

172.经过几次激烈的突击战斗以后，王阳明在统计战果时发现了一个奇怪现象：虽然各寨已经告破，但各山寨的主要头目却都没有踪影。

172.After several intense battles，Wang Yangming found a weird phenomenon when he sorted out the results.Each village was taken down，but the main leaders of each village all disappeared.

173.原来，军队里已经混入了敌方各寨的妇女，士兵贪恋女色，或者故意放走敌人首脑，或者不肯奋勇杀敌，致使士气萎靡不振。在战斗的过程中，这种情况是十分危险的，一旦敌人前来偷袭，那么自己的军队一定会大受挫折。

173.It turned out that the women from each village disguised themselves in Wang Yangming's armies.Some soldiers liked these women and immersed themselves in dating with them.Some even deliberately let the enemy leaders flee.Some lost the motivation to fight.All these were pretty dangerous in the process of battles.Once the enemies secretly attacked without any sign，Wang's armies would be destroyed heavily.

174.王阳明下令，对各兵营进行巡查。凡查出窝藏妇女的士兵，不是对他们进行惩罚，而是命他们立即去搜山。如果能够立功，等到班师之时，就将妇女归还他们，既往不咎；如果因贪恋女色而不肯效力，则斩首示众，以严明军纪。

174.Wang Yangming commanded to research each military camp.The soldiers who hid the women would be asked to search the mountain instead of being punished.If the soldiers made it，the hidden women would be returned to them and they would also be free from punishment.If the soldiers were obsessed with the women，they would get penalty of death to strengthen the military discipline.

175.整肃军纪的措施迅速取得了明显效果。六月上旬，各路人马纷纷告捷，敌军的首脑人物或被擒，或被杀，八寨的各山寨尽数被荡平。敌军残余部队被王阳明的军队逼到了横水江边。好几千人为了过江而争抢渡船，结果所有船只全部倾覆，落水而死者不计其数。至此，王阳明剿平了断藤峡、八寨，为国家去除了数十年之患。

175.The measures to purge the military discipline worked very well.In early June，some good news spread widely that all enemy leaders got captured or killed.All eight villages were taken down completely.The rest of the enemies were forced to the Hengshui River.Thousands of enemies fought for boats to cross the river，and most of them ended up in falling down into the water at last.There were endless death in the river.So far，Wang Yangming had took down Duanteng Canyon and Eight Stockaded Villages，and helped the country wipe out several decades'hidden danger.