王阳明传奇！启迪良知，振奋家乡

Arousing the Conscience&Learning by Heart

此心光明

THE HEART OF BRIGHTNESS

148.正德十六年（1521）三月，明武宗朱厚照驾崩，享年三十一岁。朱厚熜继承了皇位。九月，王阳明向新继位的皇帝请了假，回余姚家乡祭扫祖墓。他一到余姚，首先登上伯山，祭扫历代先祖，随后回到故居“瑞云楼”。他对自己因军务在身，无法生养死葬亲生母亲、祖父和祖母感到非常不安和痛心，哭了整整好几天。

148.In March of the 16th Ming Zhengde's reign year（1521），the Emperor Zhu Houzhao died at the age of 31.Zhu Houcong inherited the throne.In September，Wang Yangming asked the new emperor for absence and went back to Yuyao to worship ancestors.Once he arrived in Yuyao，the first thing he did was climbing Bo Mountain to worship ancestors，and then he went back to his old house“Ruiyun Pavilion”.He felt so sorry and anxious for not being with his parents and grandparents because of the heavily occupied military business，which made him cry for many days.

149.余姚有一位著名的读书人叫钱德洪，人称余姚大儒，在余姚城里龙泉山上的中天阁设立讲堂，以教授生徒为业。他早就听说王阳明先生专讲“良知”学说，听说先生回到家乡的消息，他马上率领两个侄子，上门求见王阳明。

149.There was a renowned knowledgeable person in Yuyao called Qian Dehong，who was admired by local people as a virtuous scholar of Yuyao.Qian Dehong gave lectures to make a living in Zhongtian Pavilion in Longquan Mountain，which was located in the downtown of Yuyao.He heard that Wang Yangming had a lecture about conscience，so he took two nephews with him and visited Wang Yangming when hearing the news of Wang's returning home.

150.钱德洪选定吉日，约同本地学人郑寅、俞大本、夏淳等74人，把王阳明先生迎请到余姚城里龙泉山南坡的中天阁，施行了集体拜师礼。接着，就请王阳明开讲了第一课。提倡“致良知”和“知行合一”的“良知学说”，完全突破了朱熹以来的思想束缚，为家乡带来了一种清新的风格。

150.Qian Dehong chose a lucky day and invited 74 local scholars including Zheng Yin，Yu Daben and Xia Chun etc..They all invited Wang Yangming to Zhongtian Pavilion and conducted the ceremony of apprentice there.After that，Wang Yangming was asked to have his first lecture.The Theory of Conscience，which advocates inducing conscience and unity of knowing and doing，broke through the bondage of thoughts completely since Zhu Xi，which has brought a refreshing style to his hometown.

151.正德十六年（1521）十二月，新皇帝为奖励王阳明平定宁王朱宸濠谋叛的卓著功勋，晋封王阳明为新建伯，兼南京兵部尚书、参赞机务。朝廷派员送达“圣旨”时，王华告诫儿子：“加官进爵，虽然是一件荣幸的事，但也是应当有所畏惧的事啊！”为了躲避祸患，也为了表达对朝廷不公的抗议，王阳明上书朝廷，竭力辞去“新建伯”的封号。

151.In December of the 16th Ming Zhengde's reign year（1521），the new emperor awarded Wang Yangming a promotion called Earl Xinjian along with a Minister of War and Counselor as an encouragement of Wang's huge achievement.When the imperial common arrived，Wang Yangming's father，Wang Hua，suggested to him，“It's an honor to be promoted，but it's also a thing you should fear！”In order to avoid disasters and meanwhile，to express protest against unfairness，Wang Yangming reported to the imperial court and tried his best to resign the newlypromoted position，Earl Xinjian.

152.两个月后，即嘉靖元年（1522）二月，王阳明的父亲王华因病去世。丧失亲人的悲痛又将王阳明卷入到旧病复发的严重境况当中。他谢绝一切来访者，一边为父亲居丧，一边调理自己的病体。七月，朝廷对他辞去新建伯封爵的上书做了批复：所辞不允！

152.After two months only，in February of the first Ming Jiajing's reign year（1522），Wang Yangming's father，Wang Hua，died of sickness.The grief of losing such a close family member brought back Wang Yangming's old illness.He refused all visitors and adjusted his physical condition while in mourning.In July，the imperial court refused his request of resigning the newly-promoted position，Earl Xinjian.

153.在家守丧和闲居的六年时间里，中天阁为王阳明最主要的讲堂。王阳明为讲堂订立了一个学规《书中天阁勉诸生》，亲自题写在阁中的墙壁上，用来告诫学生。每月的初一、初八、十五、二十三日为王阳明亲自讲课的日子，来听讲的学生人数多达300余人。其他时间，则由钱德洪给学生们辅导“良知”的基本道理。

153.During the six years of mourning and resting at home，Zhongtian Pavilion was the main classroom for Wang Yangming's lecture.Wang Yangming made a regulation for the students and wrote it on the wall to advise the students.The first，the eighth，the fifteenth，and the twenty-third day of every lunar month were the days of lectures given by Wang Yangming himself.The number of students could even reach over 300.Qian Dehong did some tutoring about the basic things of“Conscience”to the students for the rest time.

154.浙江海宁人董澐，是明朝嘉靖年间的著名学者。在他68岁的时候，听说王阳明在余姚中天阁讲学，就用拐杖挑着竹笠和诗卷书籍，赶到余姚城，登上中天阁，挤在人群中偷偷听讲。正在讲课的王阳明突然发现一位银须白眉的老人也在听课，就恭恭敬敬地把他迎到上面的座位，随即与他交流有关学理方面的问题。(www.xing528.com)

154.Dong Yun，from Haining，Zhejiang Province，was a renowned scholar during the period of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty.At his age of 68，he heard about the lectures made by Wang Yangming in Zhongtian Pavilion in Yuyao，then he used his stick bearing bamboo hat and books，rushed to Yuyao and climbed to the pavilion.He stood in the crowds listening.Wang Yangming spotted an old man with snow white eyebrows and beards while giving lectures，then he politely invited the old man to have a seat in front of the class and started communicating with him about learning principles.

155.董澐对王阳明的“良知学说”非常敬佩，他说：“我今日得以闻良知学说，犹如大寐初醒。”他觉得王阳明才是当今最有学问的人，就提出要拜王阳明为师。这时，王阳明才53岁，比董澐要小15岁。王阳明再三谦让，不敢收长者为学生。然而董澐态度非常坚决，定要拜王阳明为师。

155.Dong Yun admired the Theory of Conscience a lot，he said，“I am so lucky to have known the theory and feel just like waking up from my dream.”He thought that Wang Yangming was the most knowledgeable person and asked Wang to be his teacher.At this time，Wang Yangming was only 53，which was 15 years younger than Dong Yun.Wang Yangming declined Dong's request for many times and didn't dare to take the old generation as students.However Dong Yun was very determined and insisted on asking Wang to be his teacher.

156.两个月之后的一天，天空中飘着霰雪，山坡路陡，泥滑难行。董澐头戴竹笠，为了防滑，脚上的布鞋外面又裹了一双草鞋，从宁海赶到余姚。他一步一颠地登上中天阁，在讲堂之中，向53岁的王阳明施行了拜师礼，正式确立了师生关系。68岁的董澐成了王阳明学生中年龄最大的一位。

156.The other day after two months，it was snowing lightly and the road was muddy and steep.Dong Yun went to Yuyao from Ninghai，wearing bamboo hat.In order not to slip，he wore a pair of straw sandals outside of his cloth shoes.He took one step after another to climb to Zhongtian Pavilion.It was in the lecture hall that a 68-year-old man conducted the ceremony of apprentice to the 53-year-old Wang Yangming.Wang Yangming became Dong Yun's teacher officially and thus Dong Yun became the oldest student among Wang's students.

157.董澐感慨地说：“我先前一直是在忧悯中过日子，今日找到了能够给我指明圣贤之路的老师，怎么可以离开我的老师，再回到网罟樊笼之中去呢？”他还给自己新取了一个号，叫“从吾道人”，意谓依从本心学习圣贤之道，决心跟随王阳明从头学起。王阳明特意为董澐写了一篇《从吾道人记》。

157.Dong Yun said with emotion，“I was living in the fear and worry，but today I have found a teacher who can give me guidance to be a sage，how can I leave my teacher and go back to the confused life？”He gave himself a new name called“Taoism follower”，meaning following Wang Yangming to learn Taoism from the very beginning.Wang Yangming even wrote an article about it in particular.

158.嘉靖三年（1524）八月中秋，月白如昼。王阳明居住的绍兴“伯府第”正门前碧霞池边，天泉桥上，摆设了十余桌酒席，学生100余人，或在湖边，或在舟中，或投壶聚算，或对课赋诗，或弹琴鼓瑟。学生们举杯邀月欢歌，声震云霄。王阳明叫人拿来纸笔，亦乘兴赋诗，高声吟诵。

158.On the Middle Autumn Day of Ming Jiajing's reign year（1524），the moon was as bright as the day time.On the Tianquan Bridge，which was near Bixia Pond in front of Wang Yangming's Earl Xinjian Mansion in Shaoxing，there were over ten tables of feast with over 100 students.Some of them were close to the lake，and some of them were in the boat.They played some activities such as pitch pot，gathering together，playing drums，chessing，composing poems，or discussing studies.They even toasted to each other for the amazing night.Wang Yangming asked the servants to take out papers and brush pen to write poems，singing.

159.学生王畿与钱德洪因对“四句教”的理解产生了分歧，双双来到王阳明跟前请求赐教。王阳明告诫学生：“二君已后与学者言，务要依我四句宗旨：无善无恶是心之体，有善有恶是意之动，知善知恶是良知，为善去恶是格物。以此自修，直跻圣位；以此接人，更无差失。”因三人谈话地点在天泉桥上，故史称“天泉证道”。

159.Wang Yangming's students Wang Ji and Qian Dehong had an academic conflict when they understood the four sentences of the Theory of Conscience，so they both came to ask Wang Yangming for advice.Wang advised them，“You two should tell other scholars about the four sentences obeying my basic principles.There is no good side or evil side when it comes to human's minds.Temptation has good and evil sides.Knowing good and evil is the conscience.Doing good and eliminating evil is the pursuit of knowledge.You should know how to treat good and evil side of yourself when you get along with others.And thus，it will lead you to be a sage.”They three had the talk on Tianquan Bridge，so it's called“Enlightenment on the Tianquan Bridge”.

160.王阳明经常告诫学生：“胸中须常存有像舜、禹那样有了天下也不自以为大的旷达气度。”他首先要求每一位学生必须先立定一个要达到圣人标准的志向。他说：“志不立，天下无可成之事，虽百工技艺，未有不本于志者。”凡学，都应从“心”上做起，在“心”上用功。

160.Wang Yangming often warned his students that they should always have admirable tolerance just as ancient emperors like Shun or Yu did before.Firstly he requested that every student had to set a target on the way to becoming a sage.He said that there was no way to succeed if there was no ambition set.You could do nothing without any ambition even if you have loads of skills.As long as you try to learn something，you should learn it by heart.

161.王阳明深深懂得人心的重要，他的教育思想和“良知”学说的全部奥秘，也在于征服人心，真正从“心”上解决问题。浙江永康有一名学者，立志学习王阳明的心学，风尘仆仆地赶来拜访。王阳明告诉他：“你来我这里，路途遥远而十分疲劳，你却没有放弃，这是因为你立志学习圣人之道的缘故。你把这种志向用在读书学习上，还怕不能达到圣贤的境界吗？”

161.Wang Yangming knew the importance of people's minds.The secrets of his educational ideas and the Theory of Conscience are conquering the minds and solving problems from the heart.There was a scholar from Yongkang，Zhejiang Province，who was determined to learn Wang's philosophy of minds.He came all the way down to visit Wang Yangming，fatigued.Wang told him，“You came here for a long distance and felt very tired，but you didn't give up because of your ambition of learning principles of being a sage.Are you still afraid that you can't reach that level if you use the ambition in your study？”