宁王朱宸濠谋反与王阳明的故事

Pacifying King Ning's Chaos&Gaining Marvelous Achievements

此心光明

THE HEART OF BRIGHTNESS

122.朱元璋建立大明王朝后，对亲兄弟和子子孙孙进行封赏。朱权是朱元璋的第十七子，被封为宁王，后来朱权玄孙朱宸濠继承了宁王的王位。宁王朱宸濠见正德皇帝将近三十岁，还没有生养儿子，于是起了抢夺皇位的谋反之心。

122.After the first emperor Zhu Yuanzhang established Ming Dynasty，he rewarded his brothers，his sons and grandchildren.Zhu Quan，the seventeenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang，was made the King Ning.Later Zhu Quan's great grandson，Zhu Chenhao，inherited the throne of King Ning.When King Ning（Zhu Chenhao），saw Emperor Zhu Houzhao（also called Zhengde），who was nearly thirty years old，had not yet given birth to a son，he had the intention of plotting a rebellion against the throne.

123.宁王朱宸濠在封地南昌大肆扩大王府护卫军队，打造兵器，积蓄粮饷，勾结鄱阳湖中的强盗以及附近各处山贼洞蛮；还与朝廷中的不少大臣贵官以及专权的太监书信往来，等待时机起兵谋反。

123.Zhu Chenhao，the King Ning expanded guardians in Nanchang，built weapons，accumulated food and funds for troops，and colluded the robbers in Poyang Lake and the bandits of the caves in the nearby places.He also exchanged letters with many of the ministers and the exclusive eunuchs in the court，waiting for the time to start the rebellion.

124.此时，明武宗朱厚照刚刚西巡归来，觉得出去巡游实在是一件令人心旷神怡的事情，于是想要继续南巡。皇帝出巡对当地百姓的影响是非常不利的，加重了人民的负担，所以众大臣纷纷表示反对。为了打消朱厚照南巡的想法，大臣们还集合起来请愿。朱宸濠认为这是借口武宗荒淫无道起兵反叛的大好时机。

124.At this time，Emperor Wu Zong，Zhu Houzhao，who had just returned from the western tour，felt that it was a pleasant thing to go on a cruise，so he wanted to continue his southern tour.The Emperor's inspection had many adverse effects on the local people which aggravated the burden of the people，so the ministers expressed their opposition.In order to dispel the idea of Zhu Houzhao's southern tour，ministers also gathered to petition.Zhu Chenhao saw the time for rebellion with the excuse of Emperor Wu Zong's profligacy and unprincipledness.

125.正德十四年（1519）六月十三日是朱宸濠的生辰，他举行欢庆酒宴，邀请所有在南昌的大小官员出席。第二天早上，所有在前一天参加庆宴的官员都到王府谢恩，朱宸濠趁机扣押了所有官员，逼迫他们共同参与谋反。随后，杀掉了不肯听从的江西巡抚孙燧、按察副使许逵等人。

125.June 13th，1519 is Zhu Chenhao's birthday.He held a celebration banquet and invited officials of all ranks in Nanchang to attend.The next morning，all the officials who took part in the dinner party the day before went to express gratitude.Then，Zhu Chenhao took the opportunity to detain all the officials，forcing them to participate in the rebellion.Later，he killed those who refused to obey his rules including Sun Sui，the Governor of Jiangxi Province，and Xu Kui，the Deputy Director of the Inspection.

126.七月初，朱宸濠留下部将守南昌，亲率十万水军，攻取了九江、南康，来到了江西，想要一举攻下南京。时任赣南巡抚、佥都御史的王阳明举兵勤王。当时，王阳明只有随身军兵数百人。王阳明十八日与吉安知府伍文定商量，决定招募军匠，快速打造简易战船，调集军粮，招募义勇之士。

126.In the beginning of July，Zhu Chenhao kept his subordinates to guard Nanchang.He led 100 thousand of waterborne troops himself，and struck down Jiujiang and Nankang.He came down to Jiangxi Province，wanting to get Nanjing done.Wang Yangming，then served as the Governor of Ganzhou and the Left Imperial Inspectorate in the court，raised an army to fight for the Emperor against the King Ning.At that time，Wang Yangming had only hundreds of soldiers with him.Wang Yangming also discussed with Wu Wending who was a magistrate of a prefecture called Ji'an，and decided to recruit some artisans to make simple warships as fast as possible，and gather army provisions and brave volunteers.

127.为了千方百计拖延叛军出兵的日子，以赢得征调各省军队前来围剿叛军的时间，王阳明派出各路哨军、差役，到处传言，说是已向各省调集军队，即将聚集江西，准备围攻南昌城。南昌城里的宁王朱宸濠听说王阳明正在征调各省军队，就不敢离开南昌城，只好集中兵力，固守南昌。

127.In order to get more time for calling up provincial army to take down the rebel army，Wang Yangming tried to put off the dispatch date of rebel forces by all means.He sent out every sentinel army and corvee，spreading rumors about asking armies of all provinces to gather in Jiangxi Province to siege Nanchang.The King Ning，Zhu Chenhao，heard about this and was afraid to leave Nanchang.The only thing he could do was keeping his forces focused to hold on to prevent Nanchang from being attacked.

128.考虑到外省军队汇集江西，必然会给江西百姓增加极大的负担，因此王阳明没有征集外省军队，只是尽力召集本省各府各县的现有军队，让其于南昌近郊待命。宁王在城里一直等了半个来月，却不见王阳明征召的各路军队的到来，才知道自己上了王阳明的当。七月初二，朱宸濠留下一万叛军守城，自己亲率主力，离开南昌，直插安徽安庆。

128.Wang Yangming was concerned about bringing great burden to folks of Jiangxi if armies of all provinces gathered in Jiangxi.So，he didn't ask them but just tried to call on all the armies within Jiangxi Province together and made them stand by.The King Ning had been in the downtown for more than half a month and didn't see the arrival of any army.He knew that he had been fooled by Wang Yangming.On July the second，Zhu Chenhao left ten thousand rebelling soldiers in Nanchang and went straight to Anqing in Anhui Province.

129.为了解救安庆城的包围，王阳明采用“围魏救赵”之策，于七月二十日，攻克朱宸濠部将镇守的南昌。朱宸濠听说之后，立即率大军回救南昌。王阳明镇守的南昌城只有两三万守军。有人提出：我军兵力少，难以与实力强大的叛军对垒，只可敛兵入城，坚壁自守，等待四方援兵的到来。

129.Wang Yangming used the way of“relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei”to relieve Anqing from being surrounded.Wang Yangming attacked Nanchang on 20th of lunar July.Zhu Chenhao went back immediately to save Nanchang right after hearing this.There were only twenty to thirty thousands of armies guarding Nanchang.Someone said，“It's hard to fight against strong rebelling army with so few soldiers.What we can only do is to lessen soldiers to go into the town and defend walls，waiting for reinforcements to come to aid.”

130.王阳明的想法却与众不同。他认为，如果一味依赖外省军队，等待四方援军，必然拖延时日，给朱宸濠以喘息之机。官军要充分利用攻克南昌城的勇猛锐气，乘胜迎击宁王叛军。出奇制胜的战略，令众将领感喟不如。

130.Wang Yangming's thought was different from others.He thought that if they only relied on armies of all provinces，waiting for reinforcement to come，it would give Zhu Chenhao some time to recover.Soldiers should make full use of bravery and determination，and strike while the iron is hot.Wang Yangming's strategy of defeating by an incredible way made everyone convincible.

131.七月二十四日，王阳明与朱宸濠的军队在南昌东北的黄家渡展开决战。当叛军主力船队全部进入官军预设的包围圈时，早已埋伏在各处的伏兵同时出击，炮声大震。一时间，鄱阳湖面上，漂浮起许多叛军尸体，血染红了大片湖水。官军歼敌两万余人，首战告捷，大获全胜。

131.On the 24th of July，Wang Yangming and Zhu Chenhao's armies fought with each other in Huangjia Ferry，which was located in the northeastern part of Nanchang.When the main fleet of rebelling armies went into the ring of encirclement set up by the government armies in advance，the troops in ambush launched an attack with huge sounds of artillery.Suddenly，there were loads of corpses of rebelling armies floating in Poyang Lake，which dyed the large part of lake in red.Government armies wiped out over 20 thousand enemies and got a complete victory for the first time.

132.宁王朱宸濠在众多战船的保护下保得性命。为了并力再战，宁王命令把所有大战船用铁索互相锁定，连接成一座水上方阵，死命防守。为了鼓舞士气，宁王拿出船上所有金银财宝，奖赏保驾有功的将士。

132.The King Ning，Zhu Chenhao，ran away and survived under the protection of warships.In order to fight back，he commanded that all the warships must be locked with each other like a square matrix on the lake.In order to motivate all the soldiers，he took out all his gold，silver and precious things to reward some officers who had great performance in protecting him.

133.王阳明见宁王把战船连接成方阵，就与伍文定等商量，决定用火攻的方法打最后一战。二十六日早晨，当朱宸濠按规矩施行完早朝仪式后，从近旁的湖岸边突然射出无数的火箭、火炮。眨眼之间，以龙舟为中心的整个方阵四周被火引着。一时之间，火光、剑影充斥着整个方阵，四处一片嘈杂声与哭喊声。

133.Wang Yangming discussed with Wu Wending and decided to use fire attack to take Zhu Chenhao's armies down after seeing Zhu's square matrix of warships.On the morning of 26th，when Zhu Chenhao finished morning imperial ceremony as regulated，all of a sudden，there came loads of burning arrows and cannonballs from the lakeshore nearby.The dragon-boat centered square matrix was on fire in the blink of eyes.Flames and sword shadows filled the whole square matrix，and it was in chaos with noises and sounds of crying and yelling.

134.几名武将寻得一艘小舟，便保护着宁王摇橹逃跑。夺路逃命之际，被一名跟随王阳明参战的学生诸偁发现。当诸偁的船只靠近宁王的座船时，几个叛将奋勇抵抗，却被宁王阻止。宁王在座船上长叹一声，对诸偁说：“小将军，王阳明真是好样的，我多年的心血全白费了。”(www.xing528.com)

134.Several generals protected King Ning with a small boat and ran away.The moment they found a way to run，they got spotted by a student of Wang Yangming，called Zhu Chen，who followed Wang Yangming to fight.When Zhu Chen's boat got close to the King Ning's，some rebelling soldiers were to resist Zhu Chen's attack，but they were stopped by King Ning.He took a deep breath and said to Zhu Chen，“Young general，Wang Yangming did a good job.All the efforts I made before are all in vain now.”

135.在火烧宁王方阵的战斗中，朱宸濠与其世子、郡王、李士实、刘养正、王纶等都被活捉。一场前后准备达四五年之久，会集叛军十八万，阴谋夺取皇帝宝座的宁王之乱，只用了一个多月的时间，就被当时担任赣南巡抚的王阳明所平定。这是我国军事史上又一个以少胜多的成功战例，王阳明真不愧为我国著名的军事家。

135.In the battle of fire attacking the King Ning's square matrix，Zhu Chenhao got arrested alive along with his sons，relatives，and the fellows like Li Shishi，Liu Yangzheng and Wang Lun，etc..Finally the rebellion of the King Ning，which was prepared for around five years，brought together 180 thousand armies，and aimed at gaining the throne，got suppressed by Wang Yangming as a grand coordinator within only a month or so.It's a successful example of defeating enemy troops with a force inferior in number in the history of military in our country，Wang Yangming deserves to be our country's famous militarist.

136.王阳明的奇才和奇功遭到了朝中权奸、重臣、太监的嫉妒，流言蜚语顿时四起。当王阳明来到杭州，将朱宸濠等俘虏交给为人正直、诛杀刘瑾有功的太监张永之后，他感到身心疲惫，病倒在杭州，住进了净慈寺。

136.Wang Yangming's special talent and huge achievement triggered jealousy and gossip of treacherous officers，senior officers and eunuchs.When Wang Yangming came to Hangzhou，he left the captives to eunuch Zhang Yong，who was a righteous person with great achievement of killing Liu Jin.Wang Yangming was exhausted and got sick in Hangzhou，and then he lived in Jingci Temple.

137.王阳明在净慈寺里一边调养身心，一边等待着皇帝御驾返回北京的消息。当王阳明听说皇帝为了显示自己的才能继续御驾亲征后，决定面见皇帝，当面劝阻。当他到达镇江时，接到朝廷命令，要他改任江西巡抚，速回南昌理政。皇帝又传旨：“副将军许泰、太监张忠两人速去南昌，协助王阳明处理平叛之后的杂务，事毕即返归京城。”

137.Wang Yangming was getting recovery in Jingci Temple while waiting for the news of the emperor's returning to Beijing.When he heard that the emperor kept leading his soldiers on a military expedition in person，he wanted to see the emperor and persuaded him not to do it.When Wang Yangming arrived in Zhenjiang，he got a command that he take the position as a Grand Coordinator of Jiangxi and go back to Nanchang to work soon.And the emperor also commanded that Vice General Xu Tai and eunuch Zhang Zhong go to Nanchang and help Wang Yangming deal with chores after suppressing rebellion.After that，then Xu Tai and Zhang Zhong should go back to Beijing.

138.当王阳明迅速回到南昌时，许泰、张忠两人率几千名北军禁军，已经早早赶到了南昌。北军毫无军纪，起衅闹事，冲撞打架。许泰等人还滥杀平民，冒充军功。他们拘捕了在平叛战争中立下赫赫战功的原吉安知府伍文定，对他严加拷问。南昌人民在战争之后，再次跌进了水深火热之中。

138.When Wang Yangming soon arrived in Nanchang，Xu Tai and Zhang Zhong leading several thousands of northern imperial guards had reached Nanchang earlier.The northern imperial guards had no disciplines and screwed things up very often.Xu Tai and his fellows even killed innocent ordinary folks as an achievement.They arrested Wu Wending，who was a magistrate of a prefecture with great achievement in suppressing rebellion，and they also tortured him.People in Nanchang began to suffer a lot again after the war.

139.为了让北方的军队尽快撤离南昌，恢复南昌人民正常的生活秩序，王阳明安排了一个“祭奠日”活动，要求南昌人民公开举行大规模的民间祭奠，祭奠祖先，祭奠亲人。到了冬至日，南昌满城缟素，到处是招魂的白幡和飘飞的纸钱，哭声整日不绝。北方军人眼见此情此景，个个思乡情切，竟也痛哭流涕起来，纷纷要求回家。

139.In order to make the northern imperial guards leave Nanchang as soon as possible and get folks'life in order，Wang Yangming arranged an activity of worshiping ancestors in advance，which required all the folks to organize some ceremonies in large scale to worship their ancestors and their departed family members.On the day of Winter Solstice，the whole city was filled with white mourning dresses and white streamers for calling up souls.There were papers for dead people flying everywhere with endless crying.These northern armies felt strongly related to that and started crying too，and then they wanted to return home.

140.张忠、许泰等人见状，知道军心思归，但他们不甘心就此撤离。于是，他们就与王阳明讲条件，提出一个要求：要与王阳明比箭。如果他们输了，就离开南昌。王阳明一开始婉言谢绝，但是张忠、许泰等人自恃武艺高强，死缠不放。无奈之下，先生只好勉强答应。

140.Zhang Zhong and Xu Tai knew that they couldn't keep the armies long，but they were still not willing to leave.Then，they had a talk with Wang Yangming，and requested a competition of arrow shooting.If they lost，they would leave.At the beginning，Wang Yangming refused their request.But they were selfreliant for having great talent of martial arts and insisted having the competition，Wang Yangming had to promise to do it.

141.来到校场，北方军人围在四周观战。先生走向靶场，不慌不忙地搭箭拉弓，连发三箭，箭箭命中靶心。每中一箭，周围的北方军人就哄然大叫一声：“好！”这一情形既使张忠、许泰等人大为恐惧，又让他们不得不佩服王阳明精湛的箭术。先生凭着高尚的人格、高超的政治智慧、精湛的箭术武艺，迫使北方军队于十二月撤离南昌。

141.When they came to the drilling ground，the northern armies had already gathered to watch the competition.Wang Yangming went towards the target range，set the arrow and then pulled the bow.He hit the center of target three times，which made these armies excited.Zhang Zhong and Xu Tai were terrified about him，and they had to admire Wang's excellent skills of archery.With Wang Yangming's lofty character，brilliant politic wisdom and excellent archery skills，the northern armies had to leave Nanchang in December.

142.正德十五年（1520）正月，皇帝朱厚照下诏，要王阳明来南京“面圣”。半路受张忠拦截，王阳明被阻挡在安徽芜湖达半月之久。徘徊间，王阳明干脆遁入九华山中，寻一草庵，日日在里面专心静坐，修炼道术。又转道来到庐山，有时候到白鹿洞书院讲学，有时候孤单一人静坐到半夜。

142.In January of 15th Ming Zhengde's reign year（1520），the emperor Zhu Houzhao gave an imperial edict of asking Wang Yangming to come to Nanjing to visit him.Zhang Zhong was in the way of Wang's trip and Wang Yangming had to stay in Wuhu，Anhui Province for half a month.Wang Yangming then just escaped into Jiuhua Mountain when wandering.He found a thatched cottage and did some meditation to practice Taoism.Then he transferred to Lushan Mountain，sometimes he had lectures in Bailudong Academy and sometimes silently sat alone till midnight.

143.王阳明来到庐山开先寺，与僧人谈佛论理。开先寺附近山奇水秀，碑刻众多。王阳明于峭壁处亲书题壁纪功，记载平定宁王朱宸濠的事迹。《庐山读书台摩崖题识》碑文也成了后世书法艺术上的珍品。

143.Wang Yangming came to the Kaixian Temple of Lushan Mountain，and talked with the monks about Buddhism and some theories.The Kaixian Temple had fascinating sceneries around it，along with many tablet inscriptions.Wang Yangming made a record of his achievement on the cliff by himself，recording his accomplishment of suppressing rebellion of the King Ning，Zhu Chenhao.The inscription of his achievement now has become an artistic treasure of calligraphy for offsprings.

144.张永知道王阳明遁入九华山，禀告朱厚照说：“王阳明实在是个大忠臣，陛下有诏，他就立刻前来，哪里会有谋反之心？如果加害于他，那么将来国家一旦有事，还有谁会挺身而出呢？”朱厚照问：“王阳明现在何处？”张永告诉他，王阳明已遁入九华山学道去了。于是，皇帝下令，命王阳明返回江西。

144.Zhang Yong knew that Wang Yangming had his retiracy in Jiuhua Mountain，reporting to the Emperor Zhu Houzhao，“Wang Yangming was truly a loyal court officer.He came as soon as possible once he got your Majesty's command.How would he betray the country？If he got hurt，would anyone else step forward bravely to protect the empire when the true emergency appeared？”Zhu Houzhao asked where Wang Yangming was.Zhang Yong told him that Wang Yangming had stayed in Jiuhua Mountain to learn Taoism.And then，the emperor commanded Wang Yangming to return to Jiangxi Province.

145.在返回江西的途中，王阳明一直担心亲近群小而又刚愎自用的朱厚照的安危。一旦皇帝身边的小人心怀异谋，挟天子而发动兵变，国家所面临的危险将十倍于朱宸濠！想到这些，王阳明忧心如焚。正德十五年（1520）二月，王阳明在九江举行阅兵式；六月份，王阳明在赣州举行阅兵式。

145.On the way returning to Jiangxi Province，Wang Yangming worried about the safety of the Emperor Zhu Houzhao，who was an opinionated man.Once the snobbish people around the emperor harboured evil intentions and took the emperor hostage with launching a military coup，the danger would be ten times the rebellion for the country.Every time it came to Wang Yangming's mind，he got quite worried.In February of 15th Ming Zhengde's reign year（1520），Wang Yangming conducted a military parade in Jiujiang.In June，another military parade was conducted in Ganzhou.

146.王阳明的学生纷纷劝告先生，行为上要有所顾忌，不要使自己陷入被人猜疑的危险境地，尽快返回南昌。王阳明却说：“我在这里与童子们一起歌诗习礼，有什么可疑？我过去在京城时，时时与权奸周旋，祸在眼前，我也处之泰然。我之所以这样做，自然有我自己的深意。”王阳明举行阅兵式，训练士卒，教习战法，目的正是预防有人发动兵变。

146.Wang Yangming's students persuaded him to put a second thought when he did something，return to Nanchang as soon as possible and not to get himself into danger of being suspected.But Wang Yangming said，“I am practicing poems and manners with my students，is there anything to doubt？I used to deal with powerful and treacherous people in the capital city Beijing.I still kept calm in front of the disasters.Actually，I have my own intention for conducting the military parades.”The real purpose of conducting military parades and practicing soldiers with war strategies was to prevent someone from launching military coup.

147.朱厚照“御驾亲征”已经一整年。为了让皇帝尽快回京，王阳明在七月十七日将去年所写的《擒获宸濠捷音疏》的有关内容进行了修改，作《重上江西捷音疏》，写明擒获朱宸濠是奉皇帝指授方略，并将江彬、张忠、许泰、张永等人的名字加入有功人员的名单之中。王阳明的这种做法，正是他为国为民着想而忍辱负重的磊落人格的体现。

147.The Emperor Zhu Houzhao had been leading his soldiers in a military operation for a whole year.In order to make him return to Beijing as soon as possible，Wang Yangming revised some of his article about capturing Zhu Chenhao，which he wrote on 17th of July last year.He stressed that capturing Zhu Chenhao was under the guidance of the Emperor Zhu Houzhao.He also included names of Jiang Bin，Zhang Zhong，Xu Tai and Zhang Yong in the merit list.Wang Yangming's behavior is the presence of his bright personality of considering for others and enduring the humiliation for the sake of a higher target.