Enlightenment in Longchang&Giving Lectures in Guizhou
此心光明
THE HEART OF BRIGHTNESS
80.正德三年（1508）的春天，王阳明到达龙场驿。当地少数民族比较集中，他们不会汉语。驿站没有住房，四人就住进了不远处的小山洞。王阳明先生静心研读《周易》，将山洞取名为“玩易窝”。
80.In the spring of the third Ming Zhengde's reign year（1508），Wang Yangming arrived at the Longchang courier station.Local minorities were quite concentrated and they could not speak the Chinese.There were no houses in the courier station，thus the four had to live in a small cave nearby.Wang Yangming studied“Zhouyi”with heart and called the cave“Nest for studying‘Zhouyi’”.
81.龙场东北的龙冈山上有一个山洞，洞中虽然阴暗潮湿，却可以免于风雨之忧。后来他们就直接将行李搬来，住到了这个洞里，将原名东洞改名为“阳明小洞天”。王阳明先生怀着几分喜悦，写下了《始得东洞遂改为阳明小洞天》一诗，诗的末尾写道：“夷居信何陋，恬淡意方在。岂不桑梓怀？素位聊无悔。”
81.There was a cave in the Long Mountain in the northeast of the Longchang courier station.Although the cave was dark and damp，it was free from the worries of wind and rain.They then moved their luggage directly to the cave and renamed the original East Cave as“Yangming Small Cave”.With some joy，he wrote the poem“The East Cave we moved in was changed to Yangming Small Cave”，and it was said in the end of the poem，“The house lived by gentlemen cannot be called bunkhouse.We should not miss our hometown but do what we should do in dilemma.”
82.由于水土不服，条件又艰苦，三位随从人员竟然全都病倒了。王阳明身体虽也有不适，但反过来精心照顾他们。他不仅亲自去劈柴、打水、煮稀饭，还喂给生病的随从吃。为了使他们的心情能够好一些，先生还给他们唱歌，唱家乡小调。
82.Due to the environmental inadaptability，all three attendants fell ill.Wang Yangming was also not feeling well，but he had to take good care of them.Not only did he go to chop wood，collect water and boil porridge，but also he fed the sick attendants.In order to make their mood better，Wang Yangming also sang the songs of hometown to them to ease their homesickness.
83.为了解决吃饭问题，王阳明向当地苗族人民学习“刀耕火种”的原始耕作方法，亲自用刀割掉土地上的草丛灌木，再用火烧，然后将粮食的种子播种到土地里，开辟了一片荒地。
83.In order to solve the problem of eating，Wang Yangming learnt the original farming method called“Slash-and-Burn Cultivation”from local minority Miao people.He cut grasses with a sickle，and then burnt bushes with fire.After that，he sowed the crop seeds and hewed out a barren land.
84.王阳明教当地人民打土坯，用木头来建造房子。这不仅改善了当地人民的居住条件，也传播了汉族文化。
84.Wang Yangming taught the local people to make adobe and build houses with wood.It not only improved the living conditions of the local people，but also spread the Han culture.
85.正当王阳明与龙场当地的少数民族群众相处融洽的时候，来了一位官员。这位官员见到王阳明，立即摆出一副盛气凌人的样子，指责先生到了龙场，还不去拜访思州太守。来者蛮横无理，甚至到了大肆谩骂侮辱的程度。苗族群众将那官员痛打了一顿。
85.When Wang Yangming got along well with the local minority people，there came an official.The official showed smug look on his face when he saw Wang Yangming，and accused him for not visiting Prefecture of Sizhou.The official was extremely rude，even to the extent of abusive insults.The Miao people beat the official up heavily.
86.过了一段时间，龙场又来了一位官员。这位官员见到王阳明却是十分客气，态度谦卑。原来宣慰使安氏久仰王阳明的大名，就派官员给王阳明送来了一些吃的和用的。王阳明收下了大米、鸡鸭、柴火等物，拒绝了金银、马匹等馈赠。他的举动，更令这位宣慰使敬重不已。
86.After a period of time，another official came to the Longchang courier station.The official met Wang Yangming with great politeness and humility.It turned out that Pacification Superintendency leader An had admired Wang Yangming for a long time，so he sent an official to bring Wang Yangming some daily necessities.Wang Yangming accepted rice，chicken，duck，firewood and other things，but refused to receive gold，silver，horses and other gifts.His actions made this leader An even more respectful.
87.来龙场的第二年秋天，又有一个官职低微的人到贵州，带着儿子和一个仆人。当这三人来到蜈蚣坡时，因为饥渴和劳顿，先后死于荒山野岭。
87.In the autumn of the second year of arriving at the Longchang courier station，another low ranked official came to Guizhou，with his son and a servant.When arriving at Wugong slope，they died successively in the wilderness because of hunger and fatigue.
88.王阳明不忍心死者暴尸荒野，带着两个童仆，亲手掩埋了那三位客死异乡的死者，并且还写了一篇为后世传诵不绝的《瘗旅文》来祭奠他们。
88.Wang Yangming could not bear to see the corpses in the wilderness.Therefore，with his two young servants，he buried the dead who were far from their hometown.Besides，Wang Yangming even wrote a famous verse“Burial in a Remote Land”for the future generations to mourn them.
89.在蛮荒之地，王阳明时时面临着死亡的威胁，于是他就开始对“死亡问题”进行了严肃认真的思考。
89.Wang Yangming faced the threat of death all the time in this barren land.Hence，he began to think seriously about the death.(www.xing528.com)
90.为了体验死亡的感觉，王阳明为自己做了一口石棺，自己躺到里面，对大家说：“四个时辰后开棺，如果我真死了，这里到处是风水宝地，就连同石棺一起下葬，墓前竖块石碑，写上‘余姚王守仁之墓’就行。”接着，他闭目沉思，体会“死亡”。众人泪下，按照先生的吩咐盖上了石棺盖。
90.In order to experience the feeling of death，Wang Yangming even made a stone coffin for himself.He lay inside and told others，“Open the coffin after eight hours.If I die，bury me with the stone coffin here which is a treasure place.And erect a stone tablet with'The Grave of Wang Shouren from Yuyao'on it before the tomb”.After that，he closed his eyes to begin his meditation and death experience.All the people present cried and closed the lid of the stone coffin according to his instructions.
91.棺材内寂静漆黑，氧气一点点稀少，人之生也，空空如也；人之去也，空空如也。今天死去，人生全无也。这是死的开始吗？他冥思苦想，慢慢感到气闷难受，身体下沉，渐渐没有了知觉，进入一个纯粹忘我的境界。
91.It was silent and dark inside the coffin，and the oxygen was gradually scarce.It was all empty from the cradle to the grave.If you died today，you got nothing.Is it the beginning of death？Wang Yangming contemplated and felt uncomfortable，and the body began to sink.He lost his consciousness gradually and reached a state of ecstasy.
92.遥远的天际，一颗星星轻轻划过，没有一丝声息。王阳明突感心头一跳，似晶莹清水，纯粹透彻。这时，他觉得全部烦恼和忧伤一扫而光，脑海中呈现出难以言说的全新思想，慢慢扩大而清晰明朗。
92.A star glided gently across the distant horizon without any sound.Wang Yangming felt his heart beat suddenly，just like crystal water，pure and clear.He felt that all the trouble and sadness went away，and meanwhile，a new idea which was beyond expression presented in his mind and expanded slowly and clearly.
93.王阳明与众人约定的四个时辰刚到，大家就合力移开重重的石棺盖，突然感到有一股暖暖的清气逸出。大家赶紧把脸色苍白、身体虚弱的先生扶到了床上。过了半个时辰，王阳明慢慢清醒了过来，说：“我回来了，我没有死吗？”
93.After the appointed eight hours，the attendees removed the heavy lid off the coffin together and felt a warm breath of fresh air.They immediately carried Wang Yangming who looked very pale and weak to the bed.About an hour later，he began to come to life.He said，“I'm back.Am I not dead？”
94.“圣人之道，吾性自足，向之求理于事物者误也。”“悟性自足”亦被王阳明概括为“心即理”，成为阳明心学的逻辑起点。王阳明这生死一悟，开启了照耀万世的阳明思想。后人将此称为“龙场悟道”。
94.“Tao of sages，only needs to be self-sufficiency.It is wrong to get the moral principle from external things.”“Self-sufficiency”is concisely summarized as“True Principles”by Wang Yangming，which is also the logical starting point of the Theory of Conscience.This enlightenment is the beginning of the imperishable Yangming's thoughts.Descendants call it“Enlightenment in Longchang”.
95.苗族人民对王阳明心存感激，他们上山采伐木材，帮他搭建了几间房屋。他将它们命名为“龙冈书院”，会聚远近汉、苗、彝族等子弟于此听讲。稍后，书院附近又有了“宾阳堂”“何陋轩”“君子亭”等建筑。
95.The Miao people were grateful to Wang Yangming，so they lumbered in mountains and built several houses for him.Wang Yangming named these houses“Longgang Academy”and gathered young generations from the Han nationality，the Miao nationality，the Yi nationality etc.to attend.Some architectures like“Binyang Hall”“Helou Pavilion”“Gentlemen's Pavilion”were built near Longgang Academy.
96.在龙冈书院，王阳明既讲心学，又讲农学。他还为学生制订了立志、勤学、改过、责善等学规。就这样，他把一个地处贵州深山的荒蛮之地，变成其乐融融的传道讲学之所。
96.In Longgang Academy，Wang Yangming gave lectures on the philosophy of the mind and agriculture.He also made some regulations for students like being determined，studying diligently，correcting mistakes，and kindly criticising.In this way，he turned the remote Guizhou，which was previously a wild land，into a pleasant place for teaching and learning.
97.当时，担任贵州提学副使的官员席书，分管文化教育。他对王阳明在龙冈山上讲学之事感到十分好奇。于是，他就打扮成老百姓模样，偷偷跑到书院来听课。听了几天的课，席书对王阳明内容新颖、深入浅出、生动活泼的教学方法心悦诚服。
97.At that time，Xi Shu，who served as Deputy Superintendent of Education of Guizhou，was responsible for culture and education.He was quite curious about Wang Yangming's lectures in Longgang.Therefore，he disguised as a civilian and sneaked into the academy.After several days'listening，Xi Shu was sincerely convinced by Wang's teaching method which was novel，simple and vivid.
98.席书回到贵阳，即命人修葺文明书院，邀请王阳明来贵阳讲学。席书还以贵州提学副使的名义，向贵州各州县发出文告，要求各州县选送优秀子弟来贵阳文明书院听讲，学费均由官府负担。
98.As soon as Xi Shu returned to Guiyang，he asked people to repair the Academy of Civilization and invited Wang Yangming to give lectures there.In the name of the Deputy Superintendent of Education of Guizhou，Xi Shu also sent letters to Guizhou's prefectures and counties.He required them to send outstanding children to the Academy of Civilization in Guiyang for lectures，and the tuition would be paid by the government.
99.在贵阳的书院，王阳明首次阐述他的“知行合一”学说。先生讲课很有特色，学生都极喜欢听，人数多的时候竟然达到数百人，课堂内一时坐不下，就聚到走廊里听讲。
99.In the academy in Guiyang，Wang Yangming expounded his theory of“Unity of Knowledge and Practice”for the first time.His lectures were so distinctive that students enjoyed them very much.Sometimes the number of students would be more than several hundreds.There was no spare space to sit in the classroom so that they had to listen in the corridor.
100.王阳明还不满足于课堂内讲课，他还时常带领学生翻山越岭，选择一处有特色的景点进行讲课，用当地的风光胜景来点化学生，使课堂情景交融，趣味盎然。王阳明有首诗写道：“讲习有真乐，谈笑无俗流。缅怀风沂兴，千载相为谋。”
100.Wang Yangming was not satisfied with giving lectures inside the classroom，so he always led his students to climb mountains and selected a distinctive place to give lectures.He used the local beauty to enlighten the students and made the lectures blend with the natural setting thus more interesting.Wang Yangming once wrote a poem，“There is a real pleasure in teaching，and there is no vulgarity in talking and laughing.Our pursuit，like the ancients thousands of years ago，is to study together with students harmoniously.”
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