《鲁滨逊漂流记》：多元文化研究方面的成果

Daniel Defoe is an English novelist，journalist and pamphlets w riter.He was born in London in 1660.Early in 1683，he became a successful as a merchant.Unfortunately，he was bankrupt by 1692，which left him a large sum of debt.Around this time，Defoe began to w rite partly as a way to earn money.At the beginning，he w rote political pamphlets.

丹尼尔·笛福，英国小说家，新闻记者，小册子作家。他于1660年出生于伦敦。早在1683年，他就成为了一名成功的商人。不幸的是，1692年他经商破产，背上了大笔债务。也就是在这一时期，为了赚钱谋生，他开始了写作生涯。起初他主要写一些政治性的小册子。

It was not until he was nearly fifty that he began to w rite the famous novel Robinson Crusoe，which was published on April 25,1719，and it was a big hit.Since that one worked so well，Defoe published Captain Singleton，Moll Flanders，A Journal of the Plague Year，later.

直到将近50岁的时候，笛福才开始写《鲁滨逊漂流记》。这部小说于1719年4 月25日出版，立刻引起了很大的轰动。由于这部小说的巨大成功，笛福又随之创作了《辛格顿船长》、《摩尔· 弗兰德斯》、《大瘟疫年日记》等小说。

Plot:Robinson Crusoe is first published in 1719 and sometimes regarded as the first novel in English.Experience of Robinson Crusoe on an isolated island is the clue of the story.

故事梗概：《鲁滨逊漂流记》于1719年首次出版，被认为是英国文学史上的第一部小说。故事以鲁滨逊的孤岛经历为主要线索。

At the beginning of the story，Robinson Crusoe is a seaman，plantation owners and slave traders who is shipw recked in a storm when in the journey of selling slaves to A frica.Waved into a deserted island，he tries to survive there.On the island，he plants crops，feeds animals，fights with the savages on the close island and saves a savage.He names the savage Friday who becomes his loyal servant.He also makes his own boat hoping to be back to Europe.Finally，a British ship brings him back.Robinson Crusoe ends his 28 years life on the isolated island.(www.xing528.com)

故事开始，鲁滨逊是一位海员、种植园主和贩卖奴隶的商人，在将奴隶卖往非洲的航海途中，不幸遇上海难，被海浪冲到一座孤岛上，他决定在那里设法生存。在岛上，他种植庄稼，饲养动物，与来自邻岛的野人斗争，后来他救了一个野人，取名星期五，而星期五也成了他忠实的奴仆。他自己还造了一艘船，希望能回到欧洲。最后，一艘英国轮船将鲁滨逊带回欧洲，结束了他28年的孤岛生活。

The novel consists of three parts.The first part is the background about Robinson's three times sailing away from home，which paves the way for the story.The second part is the specific description of the Robinson's hunting，living in the cave，engagement in agricultural production and struggling with the nature.The third part tells the experience of his return from the island and his feeling that the world is changing rapidly.

小说可分为三部分：第一部分叙述鲁滨逊3次离家航海的经历，为以后的故事做铺垫；第二部分具体描述了鲁滨逊在荒无人烟的孤岛上打猎、隐居山洞、从事农业生产等情况，以及同自然界进行艰苦斗争的经历；第三部分叙述了他从荒岛回来以后所经历的事情，以及对世界迅速变化的感受等。

Comment：Daniel Defoe has been called the father of English novel.Robinson Crusoe is the landmark of modern English fiction.It is a very widely spread and greatly influenced literary masterpiece，which expresses the strongly entrepreneurial spirit and the Enlightenment awareness of the bourgeois.The character Robinson Crusoe Defoe creates is completely new and becomes the hero in the heart of small and medium-bourgeois，and thus is a well-known literary image in the European literature.

评论：笛福被后人称作是英国小说之父。《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国近代小说的里程碑。它是一部流传很广、影响巨大的文学名著，作品表现了强烈的资产阶级进取精神和启蒙意识。笛福塑造的鲁滨逊是个新形象，并成为了当时中小资产阶级心目中的英雄人物，从而也成为了欧洲文学史上一个著名的文学形象。