《哈姆雷特》与不列颠多元文化研究结合的成果

W illiam Shakespeare is the greatest English dramatist.He w rote approximately thirtyeight plays，two narrative poems and one hundred and fifty-four sonnets in his own lifetime.

威廉·莎士比亚是英国最伟大的戏剧家。他一生创作了近38部戏剧、2首叙事诗和154首十四行诗。

Shakespeare's dramatic career can be divided into three periods.1590-1600 is the first period which is also called the history play and comedy period.During this time，he w rote nine history plays，among which are Richard III，Henry IV，Henry V and so on.The ten comedies include The Merchant of Venice，A Midsummer-Night's Dream and so forth.The works in tragedy period include Ham let，Othello，King Lear，and Macbeth.The final period after 1608 ends with Cymbeline，The Winter's Tale，and Henry VIII.

莎士比亚的戏剧创作可分为三个时期：第一时期（1590—1600），又称为历史剧、喜剧时期。这一时期，他创作的历史剧包括《理查三世》（1592）、《亨利四世》（上下集）（1597—1598）和《亨利五世》（1599）等9部，喜剧包括《威尼斯商人》、《仲夏夜之梦》等10部。第二时期（1601—1607），又称悲剧时期。他创作了《哈姆莱特》、《奥瑟罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》等。第三时期（1608—1613）。1608年以后，莎士比亚进入创作的最后时期，主要作品有《辛白林》、《冬天的故事》和历史剧《亨利八世》。

Plot：Ham let's uncle Caudius poisons his father，the king of Demark，assumes the throne and marries his mother Gertrude.Young Ham let learns from the ghost of his father that Caudius has murdered him.He pretends to be mad and seeks the opportunity to revenge.

故事梗概：哈姆雷特的叔父克劳狄斯毒死了哈姆雷特的父亲，也就是丹麦的国王，篡夺了王位，并娶了他的母亲葛特露。国王的冤魂显灵，将自己被害的经过告诉了儿子。哈姆雷特知悉后装疯伺机报复。

Caudius doubts whether Ham let is really insane or not.So Ophelia，whom Ham let has loved，is sent to spy on him.As time goes on，Ham let gets the chance to revenge but accidently kills the old counselor Polonius who is the father of Ophelia.Finally，Caudius finds out that Ham let is not out of mind for the love affair and he is in danger.

克劳狄斯不知道哈姆雷特是真疯还是假疯。他知道哈姆雷特爱着奥苏利亚，于是派她去监视哈姆雷特。期间，哈姆雷特得到了一次报仇的机会，但是却不小心错杀了老臣波洛涅斯，也就是奥苏利亚的父亲。后来，克劳狄斯发现哈姆雷特并非因恋爱问题而神经错乱，于是意识到自己处境危险。(www.xing528.com)

Caudius decides to send Ham let to England with sealed order that he should be killed on arrival.Ham let discovers the trick and then manages to return back to Demark.During his absence Ophelia has gone mad with grief from Ham let' s rejection and her father's death，and later she is found drowned.

克劳狄斯决定将哈姆雷特送往英国，并下了一道密旨：待哈姆雷特一到英国，就将其杀死。哈姆雷特识破了他的阴谋，并设法潜回丹麦。而在他失踪的这段时间里，奥苏利亚因哈姆雷特的拒绝及父亲的死长期抑郁而疯，最后被发现溺水身亡。

At the end of the novel，Ham let eventually kills Caudius and revenges for his father.Unfortunately，Ham let is fatally wounded and dies.His mother，Gertrude，knows nothing of Caudius's treachery，drinks the poison and dies.

小说的结尾，哈姆雷特最终杀死克劳狄斯，替父亲报了仇，但自己也身受重伤，不幸身亡。而他的母亲葛特露，之前并不知道克劳狄斯的卑劣行径，最后得知一切后，心怀愧疚，服毒而死。

Comment：The story，coming from an Old Danish legend，is tragedy of the "revenge" genre.Shakespeare puts into the medieval story other major humanistic themes，including love，justice，good and evil and most notably，madness，and the spirit of the time.Shakespeare follows the familiar plot，gives new forms and contents.Through the unique artistic approach，he creates the world's well-known image Ham let and incorporates into him his own idea of humanism.

评论：《哈姆雷特》是一个有关复仇的悲剧故事，取材于古老的丹麦传奇。莎士比亚在这个中世纪故事里注入了其他主要人文主题，其中包括爱、正义、善与恶，尤其是疯狂及当时的时代精神。他沿用了人们熟悉的情节，赋予新的形式和内容，通过独特的艺术手法塑造了世界文学史上著名的哈姆雷特形象，并在此形象上倾注了自己的人文主义理想。