虽然人类居住在地球的不同地方,但却同样面对太阳朝升夕落,面对春夏秋冬四时的变化。基于此人生经验,英汉诗人皆把死亡看作一天或一年的结束。在汉语诗歌中,诗人常用“黄昏”、“夕暮”、“迟暮”、“暮景”、“暮途”、“暮齿”、“暮老”、“暮耋”、“夜阑”等词描述人年岁已大、濒临死亡的状态;而在英语中,人们常用the end of the day、the winter of a year、dark、the night、twilight of the day、put out oflight、the sunset oflife等词隐喻人的死亡,并引申出另一个概念隐喻——“death is darkness”(死亡是黑暗)。在雪莱的诗歌《咏夜》中,诗人把死亡唤作黑夜的兄弟,黑夜的降临即是死亡的降临(“Thy brother Death came,and cried,/ Wouldst thou me?”)。而在艾米丽·狄金森的一首诗中,“setting sun”可理解为老年,而“The dews drew quivering and chill—”喻指死亡的开始。在英汉诗歌中常见的例子有:
生者,尘垢也,死生为昼夜。(《庄子·至乐》)
烈士暮年,壮心不已。(曹操《步出夏门行》)
暮景欢娱少,深居寂寞多。(清·唐孙华《中秋夜无月》)
In me tho seest the twilight of such day,
As after sunset fadeth in the west,
Which by and by black night doth take away,(www.xing528.com)
Death's second self that seals up all in rest ...(莎士比亚“Sonnet 73”)
Edmund,I think,is gone,
In pity of his misery,to dispatch His nighted life.(莎士比亚King Lear)
The shadows lengthen and the light grows pale:
For who through darkness and the shadow of death,
Darkness that may be felt,shall find a way,
Blind-eyed,deaf-eared,and choked with failing breath?(克里斯蒂娜·罗塞蒂Later Life:A Double Sonnet of Sonnets)
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