英语词汇教学的提升方法：操练、积累和运用词块

已授词汇教学不是对词汇的机械再记忆，而是学生在识别词汇的基础上操练、积累和使用词汇，最终提高综合语言运用能力。这就要求教师在帮助学生巩固词汇的时候灵活处理词汇，通过引导学生积累词块、运用词块进行遣词造句，达到词汇运用与输入相匹配。在处理已授词汇时需注意以下原则。

首先，辨认词块绕话题。在词块选择上，除了结合单元词汇，还应当考虑到词块的上下文语境，以及学生在进行创作时可能会运用到的好词好句，结合话题文章进行选择，帮助学生在学习过程中辨认词块，有利于他们在运用中复现词块。

其次，积累词块来源广。英语学习的材料并不仅仅局限于课本课文，课后练习和阅读等都能成为词块学习与巩固的重要来源。这有助于学生在进行课外阅读时提高词块意识，强化词块记忆，巩固所学词汇。同时应该鼓励学生多用词典，善用词典。

最后，运用词块想象多。学生在运用词块进行写作时，教师不要给予内容和形式上的限制。提倡学生充分发挥自己的想象力，运用词块进行正确、地道的表达，切实提高他们的语言表达能力，而不是背模板、写套路。当然，如果学生在开始进行创作时遇到困难，教师可以布置半控制性话题帮助他们打开思路，但是长期下来还是要坚持写作的自由性。

下面是一篇参考范文（来源于人教版高中英语教材必修三第二单元）：

Come and eat here (1)

Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried rice. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit. "Nothing could be better," he thought. Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. "Hello, Lao Li," he called. "Your usual?" But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.

Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sign at the door.

Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?

Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.

Only slimming foods served here.

Make yourself thin again!

Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady came forward. "Welcome," she said. "My name is Yong Hui. I'll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day." Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his eyes. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! He had better do some research!

At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui's far too little. Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui's food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very quickly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back! So he wrote:

Want to feel fit and energetic?

Come and eat here! Discounts today!

Our food gives you energy all day!

The competition between the two restaurants was on!

Come and eat here (2)(www.xing528.com)

A week later, Wang Peng's restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him. "May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu," she shouted. "Please excuse me," he calmly explained, "I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don't want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. Why don't you sit down and try a meal?"

Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the ice cream, Yong Hui began to look ill. "I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food," she said. "I miss my vegetables and fruit." Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed. "Yes," he added, "and I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don't you get tired quickly?" "Well, I do have to rest a lot," admitted Yong Hui. "But don't you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I'm sure you'd feel much healthier."

They began to talk about menus and balanced diets. "According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet," explained Wang Peng. "I don't offer enough fibre and you don't offer enough bodybuilding and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre." So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit with the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After some time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one. Finally they got married and lived happily ever after.

本单元以“健康饮食”为中心话题，课文Come and eat here （1）和Come and eat here （2）通过Wang Peng和Yong Hui的故事让学生了解到什么是balanced food，促使学生养成健康饮食的好习惯。文章语言涉及对事物优缺点的对比、具体事件的发展以及人物的动作和心理，因此可以选取涉及事物对比的相关词块和句子。

词块如下：

（1）感到很沮丧（feel very frustrated）

（2）好像没听到（seem not to hear）

（3）满是人（be full of people）

（4）在门口热情欢迎顾客（welcome the customers warmly at the door）

（5）宣传他的食物的好处（advertise the benefits of his food）

（6）减少食物中的脂肪（cut down the fat in the meal）

句子如下：

（1）好奇心促使他走了进去。（Curiosity drove him inside.）

（2）他不敢相信他的眼睛。（He could not believe his eyes.）

（3）他脸上的笑容消失了。（The smile left his face.）

注释

1　本章作者为北京市第十二中学王金。