欧盟行政申诉专员制度的建立是对欧盟民众长久以来对于欧盟机构庞杂、官僚主义泛滥、效率低下、失职渎职等现象的不良印象的回应。行政申诉专员的工作目标是为了改变欧盟机关在民众中的“高高在上”的姿态,提升欧盟机关行政服务文化理念。作为世界上首个超国家的行政申诉机关,其为欧洲公民提供了更为快捷和便利的个人维权和救济平台,同时也提高了欧盟机关的责任意识和服务意识,并致力于促进行政赔偿机制在欧盟的确立。[52]依托议会权力,并利用非传统的社会监督力量,欧盟行政申诉专员将其职能作用的发挥与现代社会发展相适应,最大限度地促使了其行政服务理念的实现,对世界各国的行政申诉机构或类似机构工作的开展和改革都具有相当重要的借鉴意义。
【注释】
[1]The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU,Article 41,Article 43.
[2]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.10.
[3]叶建勋:《瑞典检察专员制度评析》,夏赞忠主编:《中国廉政法律制度研究》,中国方正出版社2007年版,第519页。
[4]The Instrument of Government,Chapter1,Article 5.
[5]The Riksdag Act,Chapter8,Article 11.
[6]The Act with Instructions for the Parliamentary Ombudsmen,Article 2.
[7]The Act with Instructions for the Parliamentary Ombudsmen,Article 2(4).
[8]朱力宇、袁刚:《欧盟监察制度的产生及其运作》,载《欧洲研究》2007年第1期,第2~3页。
[9]参见朱力宇、袁刚:《欧盟监察制度的产生及其运作》,载《欧洲研究》2007年第1期,第3~4页。
[10]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.15.
[11]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,“Exception concerning legal advice”,p.41.
[12]Statute of the European Ombudsman,Article 8.
[13]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.80.
[14]The European Ombudsrnan,Annual Report 2009-2011.
[15]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.45.
[16]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.45.
[17]Statute of the European Ombudsman,Article 2(2).
[18]Statute of the European Ombudsman,Article 1(3).
[19]Statute of the European Ombudsman,Article 9,Article 10.
[20]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.15.
[21]European Ombudsman,Who can help you 2011,p.2.
[22]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.15.
[23]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 10.
[24]The European Code of Good Administrative Behaviour,Article 24.
[25]图中空白处为各年统计事项调整的结果,从这一点也可以看出行政申诉专员的工作的注意力和侧重点也是随着其工作开展的深入而不断变化和发展的;由于很多申诉案件中包含两个或两个以上的事项,所以多数年份的案件百分比总数大于1;本图表数据源自欧盟行政申诉专员2007年至2012年年报。
[26]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 9.(www.xing528.com)
[27]http://www.ombudsman.europa.eu.
[28]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 2(1).
[29]申诉专员通过向民众提供关于他工作职权范围的宣传,以及采取相应措施,引导申诉人找到寻求救济的管辖权机关,致力于降低处于其职权范围之外的案件申诉量。
[30]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 2(4).
[31]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 2(5).
[32]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.19.
[33]Annual Activity Report of the Principal Authorising Officer by Delegation 2014.p.3.
[34]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.17.
[35]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 4(3).
[36]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 4(7).
[37]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.20.
[38]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 5.
[39]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.19.
[40]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,pp.10,16.
[41]European Ombudsman Implementing Provisions,Article 6.
[42]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.33.
[43]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.32.
[44]有时行政申诉专员以两个或更多的方式终结一个申诉,因此上诉表格中每年的百分比总和会大于1。
[45]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.34.
[46]The European Ombudsman,Overview 2007,p.16.
[47]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.36.
[48]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.34.
[49]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.33.
[50]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,Alleged failure to grant full access to a document,p.32.
[51]此表数据为各处理方法所属案件数与每年总结案数的比例。
[52]The European Ombudsman,Annual Report 2011,p.10.
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