收到编辑的有条件接受论文须修改（Accept with revision）的稿件处理意见（2）或（3）通知后，论文作者首先应该仔细阅读编辑的信件，了解修改的要求；然后按照审稿人意见逐条对文稿进行修改；最后在编辑指定的期限内回复。论文的修改过程和修订稿都应该与论文的共同作者们沟通，并得到全体认可。
1.期刊编辑的通知信
读懂编辑稿件处理意见的通知信非常重要。论文作者不仅应注意审稿人对自己论文文稿的处理方案以及对论文修改的意见建议，而且必须搞清楚编辑对提交修订稿的具体要求。例如，提交修订的期限、要求提交改动处的列表，以及对审稿人的答复等等。下面表格的左列是一封ACS Nano期刊编辑给论文作者的论文［15］已接受需作小修改的通知信，右列给出了此通知信内容的中文说明：
2.审稿人意见类型和相应回复
对审稿人修改意见的回复（Reply to reviewers）应该采取全文复制审稿人的意见的方法，然后使用不同的字体（黑体字或彩色）对每一条意见逐条地作出直接回复。这样做，不仅论文作者不会遗漏掉审稿人的任何一条意见，并对意见作出针对性的回答；也便于审稿人在收到回复时，对照检查论文作者是否对自己所提出的每个问题和意见都作出了满意的可信服的回复。
如果审稿人的意见是正确的，遵照审稿人的意见来修改论文；如果认为审稿人的意见不合理，论文作者可以明确指出后坚持己见，但必须客观地说明为什么不做修改的理由。必要时对论文的相应部分作出改进，以便读者能正确理解。论文作者也可以在审稿人意见之外，主动地对论文作出改进，并在对审稿人的回复中指出。
下面我们按论文的内容归结审稿人修改意见的主要类型，对论文作者给出如何相应回复的建议，并举出具体实例。在实例中，论文作者的答复用黑体字表示，主要短语用斜体字。
（1）研究内容和目标。
意见：论文的目标写得不明确，或者审稿人对作者要解决的深层问题不理解。
回复：-核实论文题目是否包含论文的主要目标。
-重写引言相关部分，强调陈述论文的目标和创新点。
-在引言中进一步明确指出深层问题的所在，并在讨论中说明目标实现的情况。
实例：
-I cannot see the novelty about...
We changed the title from“...”to“...”.
We have also rephrased several sentences in section 2，as well as in...By this we hope to have made the relevance and novelty of the content of this section more clear.
-What is the point of this section？...
The motivation of showing this result is that...We have emphasized this point now also in the abstract.
（2）理论假设或学术思想。
意见：论文作者的理论假设或学术思想不够完整，或阐述不清，或理论假设与实验结果有矛盾。
回复：-核实审稿人的质疑。
-用实验事实或参考文献进一步说明理论假设的合理性。
-改进理论假设的阐述和逻辑说明，指出其适用范围。
实例：
-I do not follow the mathematical argument for the expression（6）since...
We have deleted the sentence“...”，which may have caused this confusion.
To further clarify the mathematical derivation we have also added the following sentence just after that：“It is our aim to...”
-The authors claimed the maximum diameter of the 1D structure is limited by the width of the〈110〉edge of the gold particle，but from the low-magnification TEM image（Fig.2），the diameters of the different nanostructures growing from different sized gold nanoparticles are actually similar...So could the authors provide other evidences to confirm the conclusion？
In fact，a close look at the low-magnification TEM image（Fig.2）will indicate that there is no Au particle associated with these 1D nanostructures shown in the image except the one studied.Indeed，in the present sample Au NPs are different in size.We have however not found any 1D structure grown on the small sized NPs.This agrees with the results reported in Krauss et al.Chem.Mater.2009，ref 14 Figure 5，that no 1D structure is visible below a critical Au NP diameter of～14 nm...
（3）研究方法。
意见：研究方法的适用性受到质疑，或者缺失实验方法的某些细节。
回复：-核实审稿人对实验方法的质疑。
-补充实验细节。
-用事实说明实验方法的可行性。
实例：
-The nanostructure studied here is organic one，is it stable to expose under the electron beam for quite a long time？
Yes，the morphology of the organic nanostructure remained fortunately unchanged to the exposure under the electron beam of 120 kV during the acquisition of the tilt series.This is approved by an image taken after the acquisition of the tilt series...Only later under 400 kV electron beam exposure employed during HRTEM investigation the structure was damaged.
-Figure 1 has been frequently reproduced and does not need to be shown again in this paper.
We decide to retain this figure，because an alternative introduction to the method would occupy the same or greater space.
（4）结果和展现。(https://www.xing528.com)
意见：要求提供附加数据或信息，要求改进插图或表格，对部分阐述不满意。
回复：-补充必要的数据和信息。
-改进插图或表格。
-重新组合并撰写相关部分。
实例：
-Rewrite the paragraph：Describe the...curves first；Give shortly definitions of various parameters，possible indicate them on the figure（also for section 3.2.4.2）；Rearrange and correct Table 4.
Yes.The paragraph has been rewritten thoroughly.
（5）讨论和结论。
意见：要求引用参考文献，结论无说服力，或结论过于强势/一般化。
回复：-尽量引用审稿人推荐的参考文献。被要求引用的文献不合适时，有两种处理方法：一是应说明为什么没有引用的原因（如，讨论的问题不同等等）；二是引用审稿人推荐的参考文献，但在论文修订稿中指明此参考文献的缺陷。
-审核论文结论是否建立在足够的研究结果基础上。
实例：
-Also it does not acknowledge previous workers who...，or even consider the use of...
We have now included references to this prior work and put it in the context by including the following sentences：“There have been other attempts to...One of them is using...［24］.However，this approach will greatly over-estimate the specimen thickness for thick samples....Another approach is to...［18］.However，such an approach is not really applicable to...because...”
-Surely this is just a result of...
This comment by the referee seems to be based on a misunderstanding.We are not discussing...but rather...
（6）英语语言。
审稿的重点是审查论文的科学性，对于论文的英语语言审稿人通常会指出英语需要改进，不一定会修改论文的文字。
回复：-尽可能使用审稿人推荐的语言表达。
-说明已尽最大努力对整篇论文的语言做了检查和修改。
实例：
-Generally I did not find the paper to be well written，there are quite a few grammatical errors and I have several questions（listed below）.
The whole paper has been carefully examined and a number of grammatical errors have been corrected.
-The writing and language of the paper is generally good，but the title and first few sentences contain some incorrect or awkward English：...
All suggested modifications are made.
3.论文修订稿
论文作者在审慎考虑如何回复审稿人意见的基础上，应该对论文进行相应的修改。论文修订稿（Revision）必须在期刊编辑的通知信中所指定的时间内完成，并通过在线投稿和数字编辑出版流程控制系统递交。超过期刊规定的时间，论文修订稿有可能被作为新投稿处理，投稿日期也会相应改变。
特别要注意按期刊编辑的通知信中的要求，在递交修订稿的同时递交其他文件。例如，标记了修改的文稿，应另存为“Supplemental Material for Review”，而不要在最终修订稿中对修改进行追踪。再如，改动列表（List of changes），应把修订稿中所有的改动都详细列表后单独存文件后递交。有些期刊还要求递交内容图或图像摘要。
4.修改说明信
回复编辑或审稿人的修改说明信（Revision cover letter）应该包含如下几点内容：
（1）表示感谢。常用句型如下：
We thank the referees for their overall positive assessments of our work.
We are grateful for the detailed comments.
Many thanks for the time and effort you spent and for your valuable comments to our manuscript...
（2）对审稿人意见的逐条答复。见本节2.审稿人意见类型和相应回复。
（3）作者所作的其他修改。例如：
In addition to the changes according to the reviewers Figure 3 is slightly modified......
（4）表示希望修改能令审稿人/编辑满意，并得以顺利发表。常用句型如下：
We hope that the changes having been made to the manuscript meet to your satisfaction.
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