生前预嘱权的出现与全球蔓延并非偶尔,应属历史的必然,而这种必然性在很大程度上取决于生前预嘱权的自然属性。在老龄化形势日益严峻和医疗资源尚显不足的中国,生前预嘱权的确立和入法将能够保护公民的隐私权和患者的医疗决策权,与宪法保护公民权利的相关规定完美契合;能够节约有限的医疗资源,将稀缺和宝贵的医疗资源用于科研或真正急需者。同时生前预嘱权的引入在某种程度上可以化解一些矛盾如基于医疗决策产生的家庭内部矛盾、基于“人财两空”而产生的医患纠纷等,促进社会的和谐发展。生前预嘱权立法应该着眼于尊重患者的自然死亡权、促进人的全面自由发展和提升我国的法治水平三位一体建设的目标。然而,虽然生前预嘱权引入有诸多益处,但也要注意处理好生前预嘱权的设立施行与中国伦理道德之间的关系,尽量避免两者之间的矛盾,尽力促进两者之间的增益。
【注释】
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