赏析英语儿歌的特点和魅力

英语儿歌教育及活动在幼儿英语启蒙教育阶段的重要性非常显著。从英语儿歌的内容出发兼顾英语儿歌的教育功能,将英语儿歌分为叙事型、抒情型、教育型、指令型/游戏型四大类。我们将分别从这四大类英语儿歌的角度进行分析、鉴赏,便于我们在日常英语儿歌活动中选取,也便于家长在园外辅导幼儿。

一、叙事型儿歌

叙事型英语儿歌内容简单、主题清晰、易于理解。常常使用比喻和拟人的修辞技巧增加了亲切感。具有审美、娱乐、认知以及预防和治疗幼儿心理障碍的功能。通过叙事型英语儿歌可以帮助幼儿了解世界、认识自我,促进幼儿社会性发展。

(一)传统的叙事型儿歌

1.Little Tom Tucker

Little Tom Tucker

Sings for his supper：

What shall he eat?

White bread and butter.

How shall he cut it

Without a knife?

How can he marry

Without a wife?

2.Poor Robin

The north wind does blow,

And we shall have snow.

And what will poor Robin do now?

He'll sit in the barn,

And keep himself warm,

And hide his head under his wing.

3.Wee Willie Winkie

Wee Willie Winkie

Runs through the town,

Upstairs,downstairs,

In his nightgown.

Knocking on the window,

Calling through the lock,

Are the children all in the bed?

For it's now eight o'clock.

(二)现代叙事型英语儿歌

1.Two Little Birds

Two little dickey birds sitting on the wall,

One named Peter and one named Paul.

Fly away Peter,

Fly away Paul.

Come back Peter,

Come back Paul.

2.The Man in the Moon

The man in the moon

Looked out of the moon,

Looked out of the moon and said,

It is time for all children all over the earth

To think about going to bed.

3.Three Little Kittens

This is a story of three little kittens,

Two were as good as kittens could be,

And looked at a book

On their mistress's knee.

But I'm sorry to say that the third little kitty

Was the naughtiest kitten in the entire city.

二、抒情型英语儿歌

抒情型英语儿歌包括抒发对大自然的现象、自然界的动植物、色彩等内容的喜爱之情。这些内容与幼儿的生活息息相关,是符合幼儿认知、容易激发孩子的兴趣的内容。

　　(一)与自然现象有关的英语儿歌

自然界中的太阳、月亮、星星、白云、绿树、美丽的花、蓝色的大海等都会引起孩子的注意,孩子们怀有极大的兴趣注视世界、认识自然。所以,描述自然界的英语儿歌以它明快的节奏、拟人化的语言、丰富的想象、绚丽的色彩吸引幼儿。一下面所选两首儿歌具有代表性。

1.Four Seasons

Spring is gay with flowers and song.

Summer is hot and the days are long.

Autumn is rich with fruit and grain,

Winter brings snow and the New Year again.

2.The Bottom of the Sea

Down at the bottom

Of the deep blue sea,

I catch fishes,

One,two,three.

(二)与动植物有关的英语儿歌

喜欢动植物是幼儿的天性。憨态可掬、形象生动、富有教育意义的幼儿英语歌谣将动物的特点、英语儿歌特点相融合,在诵唱英语儿歌中,还可以培养幼儿关爱动物的情感,促进幼儿的社会性发展。在进行与动物有关的英语儿歌活动中,可以利用手偶、头饰和指偶增加英语儿歌的趣味性。还可以进行角色扮演的活动,小朋友一定非常喜欢。了解植物也是幼儿认识自然的一个途径。描述植物的英语儿歌常常包含植物色彩、种植动作、植物生长的过程等词汇,还会有幼儿参加种植活动时的愉快心情。

1.Here's a Little Cat

Here's a little cat,

Looking fine and fat.

Sitting on a mat,

Playing with a hat.

Give the cat a pat,

She will be pleased with that.

2.Grow,Little Seed

Plant a little seed,go,go,go.

Plant the little seed,grow,grow,grow.

Water the little seed,go,go,go.

Water the little seed,grow,grow,grow.

Look at the little seed,now it's a plant.

Look at the little plant,go,go,go.

Look at the little plant,grow,grow,grow.

(三)与视觉色彩有关的儿歌

幼儿的世界是绚丽多彩的,与色彩有关的幼儿英语儿歌也深受幼儿的喜爱。在有关色彩的英语活动中,教师所创设的物质环境、所制作的教具都外形美观、色彩绚丽、明亮,增强了幼儿对英语儿歌的感染力。在很多色彩儿歌中,不仅仅只有色彩,还有与幼儿已认识的实物结合起来的实物。这样,既可以扩大幼儿的英语词汇,又可以丰富幼儿的语言表达。

1.I See...

I see green,I see yellow.

I see that big funny fellow.

I see white,I see black.

I see this white and black hat.

I see orange,I see brown.

I stand up and I sit down.

I see red,I see blue.

I see something red and blue.

2.Blue Is the Sea

Blue is the sea,

Green is the grass,

White are the clouds,

As they slowly pass.

Black are the crows,

Brown are the trees,

Red are the sails,

Of a ship in the breeze.

三、教育型英语儿歌

教育型儿歌主要指一些英语儿歌对幼儿认知的发展、良好习惯及社会行为的养成、伦理道德的培养都有一定的促进作用。

(一)有关自我认知的幼儿歌谣

幼儿咿呀学语,首先习得的是与自己身体有关的词语。英语学习也遵循这样的规律。幼儿伸出小手指,指着自己的eyes,nose,ears,face...,饶有兴趣,非常可爱,在轻松的环境中就可以习得。与幼儿自身相关的歌谣也非常有趣,是幼儿小班开展活动的好内容。有关自我认知英语儿歌语言简单,极易上口,利于培养大胆开口的好习惯。(www.xing528.com)

1.Two Little Eyes

Two little eyes to look around,around.

Two little ears hear each sound.

One little nose to smell what's sweet.

One little mouth likes to eat,eat.

　　2.I Have Two Hands

I have two hands,the left and the right.

Hold them up high,so clean and bright.

Clap them softly,one two three.

Clean little hands are good to see.

My face is bright.My teeth all white.

My dress is clean and all love me,

So dear playmates follow me,

So that our mother will be happy.

(二)有关幼儿健康生活习惯的儿歌

在颂唱英语儿歌的过程中,培养幼儿的健康的生活习惯,是一个非常实用的教育方式。幼儿在愉快的儿歌学习过程中,增进了社会性发展。

Before the Dinner

Before the dinner,

Wash your hands.

After the dinner,

Brush your teeth.

Have a wash and have a brush.

Have a good habit at early age.

(三)有关良好社会素养的儿歌

良好的社会行为早养成。一些英语儿歌是可以用于培养幼儿的良好社会行为。比如遵守交通规则、讲礼貌等儿歌,在进行英语儿歌学习后,开展社会领域的延伸。比如学完“红绿灯”之后,安排孩子们观看视频,用英语歌谣描述视频中的情景,可以进行提问：“视频中,谁遵守了交通规则,为什么?”幼儿一定会积极踊跃地练习和回答,达到良好的学习效果。

1.Study English Day after Day

Day after day

We study English every day

Don't be lazy

That's the way.

We study hard day after day.

2.Glad to See You

You,you,you

It's you.

Glad to see you.

How are you?

What's wrong with you?

May I help you?

　　(四)有关职业认知的儿歌

幼儿对生活中他们身边的警察叔叔、医生阿姨等职业很熟悉,如果安排他们学习这一主题的英语儿歌,幼儿的兴趣一定非常浓厚。活动时还可以让小朋友戴上警察叔叔的帽子,穿上医生阿姨的白大褂,让他们体验警察、医生的职业特点,他们一定很开心。那么学习这一主题英语儿歌的实效性就会更突出。

1.Doctor

Doctor,doctor,please come quick.

My little girl is sick,sick,sick.

Doctor,doctor,what do you say?

Give her medicine she'll be OK.

2.What Is My Job?

What is your job?

What is your job?

Can I guess?

Can I guess?

I help people get well.

I help people get well.

Who are you?

Who are you?

(五)有关情感和社会认知的儿歌

这类英语儿歌的内容有介绍家庭成员的、有表现亲子活动的。活动形式可以是在家庭内进行,也可以在幼儿园以小朋友角色扮演爸爸妈妈的形式进行。也可以制作PPT、视频,让幼儿边唱儿歌边看画面,增进儿歌活动的气氛。

1.Family Are at Home

Mom's in the living room.

Dad is too.

I'm in the bedroom.

Where are you?

Brother's in the kitchen.

Sister is too.

I'm in the bedroom.

Where are you?

2.Let's Build a House

Get a hammer for Daddy,

Build a house so easy.

See a nail on the floor,

Pick it up and close the door.

四、指令型、游戏型英语儿歌

此类儿歌在英语儿歌中占很大比例,其中又以游戏类型的英语儿歌居多。

(一)英语游戏儿歌

游戏儿歌是配合游戏活动的儿歌。英语游戏儿歌主要在于倡导幼儿教育以游戏为基本活动的教育理念,其中运动游戏类型的英语儿歌是这一观念的主要体现。它伴随着幼儿的游戏动作而吟唱,能够激发和加强幼儿游戏的兴趣和愉悦感。幼儿边玩边唱,使整个游戏富有节奏感,从而提高游戏的兴趣,丰富游戏的内容。简单的身体活动的英语游戏儿歌也可用于课前的热身环节,能够活跃情绪,调动幼儿的积极性。将其用于环节间的纪律调整效果也非常好。在家庭中,爸爸、妈妈和孩子一起唱儿歌做游戏,可以增进亲子关系。

1.Follow me,Hands up

Follow me,hands up.

Follow me,hands down.

Follow me,walk,walk.

Follow me stop,stop.

2.Who Can Bounce the Ball?

Who can bounce the ball?

Who can bounce the ball?

I can bounce the ball.

I can bounce the ball.

(二)语言游戏型英语儿歌

此类儿歌在追求语言音律快感的同时,让幼儿获得语言和思维的发展,在语言游戏中增进幼儿思维发展观念。绕口令、对对歌、问答歌、颠倒歌等英语儿歌是传统歌谣的继承,它们在体现游戏性和教育性的同时,更突出了英语文化的特色。以问答英语儿歌为例,其特点是以设问作答形式表达内容,可以一问一答,也可以多问多答。此外,还可以延伸连续问答,直至问不出答不出才终止。这类问答歌的形式活泼、问者自由,答者也无拘无束,句式简单,便于幼儿自编自答。问答歌适合于表达事物的特征,有助于幼儿分辨事物和现象,启发思考,培养观察力。比如：

1.What Do You See?

What do you see?

What do you see in the bedroom?

I see a pillow,pillow in the bed room.

2.Dog,Dog,Where Are You?

Dog,dog,where are you?

I am here.I am here.

In the bag.

Horse,horse,where are you?

I am here.I am here.

Behind the box.

Cat,cat,where are you?

I am here.I am here.

Under the bed.

Kangaroo,kangaroo,where are you?

I am here.I am here.

On the window-sill.