(1)回顾研究背景。 常用词汇有:review, summarize, present, outline, describe 等。 例如:
We review evidence for this view of addiction and discuss its implications for understanding the psychology and neurobiology of addiction． [Brain Research Reviews,1993,18(3):247-291]
This paper outlines some of the basic methods and strategies and discussed some related theoretical and practical issues． [Annals of Statistics,1994,22(4):1701-1728]
We also describe the conceptual background and development of a self-report measure of these dimensions, the Temperament and Character Inventory． [Archives of General Psychiatry,1993,50(12):975-990]
(2)阐明写作或研究目的。 常用词汇有:purpose, attempt, aim 等,另外还可用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。 例如:
We attempt to recover a function of unknown smoothness from noisy sampled data． [Journal of the American Statistical Association,1995,90(432):1200-1224]
To investigate the mechanism of Bcl-2’s effect, we examined whether Bcl-2 interacted with other proteins． [Cell,1993,74(4):609-619]
(3)介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围。 常用的词汇有:study, analyze, present, include,focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention 等。 例如:
Here we study the dependence of …
This article includes a brief review of the physics underlying …
This paper presents a detailed analysis of several hundred plant carbon exchange rate …
This paper focuses on the promise of artificial neural networks in the realm of modeling …
We draw attention to two problems associated with the use of instrumental …
(4)介绍研究或实验过程。 常用词汇有:test, study, investigate, examine, experiment,discuss, consider, analyze, analysis 等。 例如:
We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from …
We tested this hypothesis in various human T cells …
(5)说明研究或实验方法。 常用词汇有:measure, estimate, calculate 等。 例如:
This study presents estimates of lifetime and 12-month prevalence …
(6)介绍应用、用途。 常用词汇有:use, apply, application 等。 例如:
As an application, we implement a compact image coding algorithm that …(www.xing528.com)
Using the phoA gene and PhoA fusions to monitor expression in these vectors,…
(7)展示研究结果。 常用词汇有:show, result, present 等。 例如:
We show this cell death to be dependent upon expression of …
Our results show that p53 exerts a significant and dose-dependent effect in the …
The results we obtained demonstrate that this technique will contribute to our …
(8)介绍结论。 常用词汇有:summary, introduce, conclude 等。 例如:
We introduce a procedure,…
We give a summary of the main physics component of the …
(9)陈述论文的论点和作者的观点。 常用词汇有:suggest, report, present, explain,expect, describe 等。 例如:
The results suggest that …
We report here that …
We expect the uncertainties in the relative ages to be about …
(10)阐明论证。 常用词汇有:support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate,confirm, clarify 等。 例如:
These results demonstrate that p53 is required for …
Here we provide evidence from direct experimental manipulation of …
(11) 推荐和建议。 常用词汇有:suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation,propose, necessity, necessary, expect 等。 例如:
We propose two algorithms to estimate the significance level for a test …
Ⅰexpect that …
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