除了使用清楚、具体的说法之外,撰写科技论文的人还必须学会如何认出不必要的字词,并加以省略的技巧。 例如:
冗长:We must also consider the phenomenon of the fringe effect.
这句中的the phenomenon of 对整个句子的意义毫无贡献,因为说the fringe effect 和说the phenomenon of the fringe effect 其间没有任何差别。 因此,可以省略the phenomenon of,使整个句子较为直接而简洁。 例如:
简洁:We must also consider the fringe effect.
在科技论文中常见的另外一个累赘的字词是basically。 例如:
累赘:Basically, the process can be divided into two parts.
这里,basically 到底有什么用? 一点作用也没有,因此,这个句子可以省略该词,修改如下:
简洁:The process can be divided into two parts.
但是如果作者的意思是要强调他所指的两部分是“基本”的部分,则作者就不应该把副词basically 放在句首,而应该用另外一个形容词(如basic 或main)来修饰parts。 例如:
The process can be divided into two main parts.
The process can be divided into two basic parts.
在科技英文中,像very、somewhat、rather 以及quite 这些修饰词通常是多余的字词,应该省略。 下面再看一个冗长的句子。
It is the aim of the research in this paper to propose and justify recommended modifications to the conventional method so as to enhance and strengthen the performance and effectiveness of online control systems.
在这段文章中,是否有必要同时使用research 和paper 这两个字词? 是否有必要同时使用propose 和justify? 是否有必要用recommended? 如果作者不推荐,那么他根本就不会写这个文章。 在这个文章中,performance 和effectiveness 这两个字词说的是否为同一件事情?
或许这段文章的作者认为用这么多累赘的词,可以更清楚而完整的表达出自己的意思。 或许他觉得自己的点子非常重要,因此必须用很多字词来强调文章内容的重要性。但是这种写法,会让读者无法迅速掌握句子的意思。 因此,应该用比较简洁的方式来表达。 例如:
The aim of this paper is to modify the conventional method so as to enhance the effectiveness of on-line control systems.(www.xing528.com)
有时候,关系代名词是不必要的词,可以省略。 如果限定的关系子句以关系代名词以及to be 助动词开头,而其后又紧跟着动词片语,则可以省略关系代名词和助动词,而不会影响句子意思。 例如:
The flame that is produced by this fuel is extremely unusual.
The flame produced by this fuel is extremely unusual.
需要注意的是,如果决定省略关系代名词和be 助动词,则必须同时省略这两个词,而不能只省略助动词。 例如:
误:The nodes that produced by isolated strokes must be deleted.
这个句子中,作者不是必须省略that,可以用that are 这两个字词。 例如:
正:The nodes produced by isolated strokes must be deleted.
正:The nodes that are produced by isolated strokes must be deleted.
如果紧跟在关系代名词后面的词是助动词,即语态助动词,如can, may, will 或should,或作为助动词的to be 或to have 形式的动词,则不能使用这个规则。 例如:
误:There are many problems must being solved before the system will be ready for practical application.
正:There are many problems that must being solved before the system will be ready for practical application.
误:The samples being produced in the second run met the specifications.
正:All of the samples produced in the second run met the specifications.
正:All of the samples that were produced in the second run met the specifications.
免责声明:以上内容源自网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知,我们将尽快删除相关内容。