每一个代名词必须有一个清楚的前述词(前述词是代名词所指称的名词)。 假如一个代名词的前述词对读者而言不够清楚(尤其对文章内容不清楚的读者),那么代名词应该改成名词或名词片语。 例如:
不清楚:There are several differences between static memory and dynamic memory． First,because it does not lose its contents as long as power is applied, it eliminates the need for periodic refresh cycles．
在第二个句子中,代名词it 是指哪种记忆体? 有电子知识背景的读者可以猜测,但这本来就不是他们的义务。 因此,应修改该句子,让人能清楚地看出代名词所指代的前述词。
修正:There are several differences between static memory and dynamic memory． First,because static memory does not lose its contents as long as power is applied, it eliminates the need for periodic refresh cycles．
在英文写作中,要避免在同一个句子中使用代名词it 来表达两个或三个不同的意思。例如:
不清楚:If a diode fails the quality test, it is necessary to replace it．
清楚:If a diode fails the quality test, it must be replaced．(www.xing528.com)
清楚:Any diode that fails the quality test must be replaced．
如果使用一个代名词来指称前一个句子的整个观念,则不可以使用代名词it,这时要用this。
误:Fax machines allow documents to be transmitted to remote locations quickly and conveniently． It is one reason they are so popular．
模糊:Fax machines allow documents to be transmitted to remote locations quickly and conveniently． This is one reason they are so popular．(语法没有错误,但是意思仍然模糊。)
一般来说,除非代名词所指的观念已经非常清楚了,否则作者应避免使用this, that 或which 来指整个句子或子句的观念。 若是以代名词来指称的观念不够清晰,就应该去掉代名词,将句子重新改写,或加入概念清晰的名词。 例如:
修正:Fax machines allow documents to be transmitted to remote locations quickly and conveniently． This capability is one reason they are so popular．
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