状语从句及翻译技巧的分析介绍

状语从句（Adverbial Clause）指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。状语从句虽然分类较多，但语法结构和汉语相似，理解和翻译起来难度并不大。在翻译这类长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系，然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干，最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。

（1）时间状语从句

常用引导词：when，as，while，as soon as，before，after，since，till，until

特殊引导词：the minute，the moment，the second，every time，the day，the instant，immediately，directly，no sooner…than，hardly …when，scarcely…when

例：When any dispute occurs and is the subject of friendly consultations or arbitration，the Parties shall continue to exercise their remaining respective rights and fulfill their remaining respective obligations under this Contract，except in respect of those matters under dispute.

译文：当某一争议已发生并且正在通过友好协商或仲裁解决时，双方可继续行使其各自在本合同项下的其他权利，同时应继续履行其各自在本合同项下的其他义务，但与争议事项有关的权利和义务除外。

（2）地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever，anywhere，everywhere

例：Should any disputes arouse concerning the translation and execution of this contract，the local court，where the exhibition is located，will be regarded as the only instance jurisdictional court.

译文：若合同解读和执行出现争议，展览所在地的当地法庭将被认作是唯一具有裁定权的法庭。

（3）原因状语从句

常用引导词：because，since，as，for

特殊引导词：seeing that，now that，in that，considering that，given that

例：Since a contract is legally enforceable，it’s unlike mere gratuitous promises.

译文：合同具有法律上的执行力，不同于纯粹的无偿承诺。

（4）目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that，in order that(www.xing528.com)

特殊引导词：lest，in case，for fear that，in the hope that，for the purpose that，to the end that

例：Each of ALLSTAR agrees to exert its commercially reasonable efforts so that IIS canbegin providing instant quotes on QIM in as short a time as the capabilities and technologies of each party will allow.

译文：每一个ALLSTAR的人员同意尽其全力使得IIS在各方能力和技术许可的范围内尽快开始向QIM公司提供即时报价。

（5）条件状语从句

常用引导词：if，unless，

特殊引导词：as/so long as，only if，providing/provided that，supposing that，in case，on condition that

例：If a Party（“Breaching party”）fails to perform any of its material obligations under this Contact，then the other Party（“Aggrieved party”）may at its option.

译文：如果一方（“违约方”）未履行其在本合同项下的某项主要义务，则对方（“受损害方”）可选择采取以下措施。

（6）让步状语从句

常用引导词：though，although，even if，even though

特殊引导词：as，while，no matter…，in spite of the fact that，whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，however，whichever

一般可译为“虽然……但是……”“尽管……”，由“no matter”“-ever”引导的从句可以译为以“不论”“不管”“无论”等做关联词的条件句。

例1：Although we’ve raised our market share by 5%，the competition remains fierce.

译文：我们的市场份额虽然提高了5%，但竞争依然激烈。

例2：No matter how hard he tried，she could not change her mind.

译文：不论他如何努力，她也不改变主意。