本重大研究计划取得了丰硕的学术成绩。共计发表SCI论文3813篇，其中与美国、德国、英国等49个国家和地区的国际同行合作发表论文1033篇，占论文总数的27.09%，极大地推动了国内与国际学术界间的交流与合作。在项目资助下取得的多项代表性研究成果发表在各类高水平期刊上，其中Nature系列刊物（Nat Nanotechnol, Nat Mater, Nat Phys, Nat Energy等）上发表论文19篇，影响因子大于20的高水平论文83篇，影响因子大于10的高水平论文375篇，并有91篇论文入选ESI高被引论文。取得的研究成果不仅拓展了学科界面，而且促进了多学科交叉融合，论文成果涉及工程学、材料学、物理学、化学、光学等28个学科，平均学科交叉率为2.06%。项目研究成果共授权发明专利935件，出版中英文专著66部，研发试验装置17台/套。此外，举办国际会议79次，国内会议76次，参加国际学术会议519人次，其中365人次在国际会议上做大会特邀报告。项目资助下获得的多项突出性研究成果荣获各类奖项：国家级奖励12项，包括国家自然科学奖二等奖6项、国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、国家技术发明奖二等奖5项；何梁何利奖2项；国防科技创新团队奖1项；省部级奖励21项，国际学术奖1项。
在项目顺利执行过程中不仅取得了丰硕的科研成果，而且为国家培养了大量科研人才。6人当选中国科学院院士，2人当选中国工程院院士。2人当选美国机械工程师协会会士，2人当选电气和电子工程师协会会士。另有15人获得“长江学者”称号，18人获得国家杰出青年科学基金，并培养博士后、硕博士研究生974名。
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