首页 理论教育 本文不足与未来研究建议:完善文章和研究方向

本文不足与未来研究建议:完善文章和研究方向

时间:2023-06-13 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:5.3.1本文不足任何研究都存在着不足和需要改进的地方,本文虽秉承着严谨的研究态度,但在实际研究过程中仍存在着局限,主要表现在以下几个方面:首先,笔者在迪士尼乐园工作的半年和对其他员工的访谈调研,并不能完全概括迪士尼基层员工的工作方式和工作状态。

本文不足与未来研究建议:完善文章和研究方向

5.3.1 本文不足

任何研究都存在着不足和需要改进的地方,本文虽秉承着严谨的研究态度,但在实际研究过程中仍存在着局限,主要表现在以下几个方面:

首先,笔者在迪士尼乐园工作的半年和对其他员工的访谈调研,并不能完全概括迪士尼基层员工的工作方式和工作状态。迪士尼的服务还有很多方面,因为时间和经验问题,没能一一领悟到,因此对迪士尼服务的分析可能还不全面,甚至会有不准确之处。

其次,在运用服务剧场理论探究具体案例时,受到水平和主观理解能力的限制,对应到具体服务中去可能存在着一定的偏差,在研究的某些方面不尽妥当。

最后,在分析演出(服务)效果时,尽管笔者已经尽可能全面考虑各种因素对演出效果的影响,也难免会有遗漏和不全面之处。

5.3.2 未来研究

关于服务剧场理论的研究尚未深入,除了迪士尼乐园,该理论对其他的服务性行业是否具有普适性?在演出过程中还有哪些因素影响着演出效果?奥兰多华特迪士尼世界的成功之处是否值得国内的服务行业借鉴?对于服务剧场理论还需要更加深入地研究,本文提出的“表演”成功的维度模型,还需要继续改善,在实践中验证,在实践中加以改进。

参考文献

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附录一

受访者基本信息

受访者基本信息一览表(按姓氏首字母排列)

附录二

原始访谈记录(节选)

访谈记录按姓名首字母排序,X为笔者。为保证质量,访谈记录只截取了与本文有关的对话,供读者参考。姓名首字母旁边的括号内为访谈方式和时间。

A(Messenger,2017.1.25)

X:How long have you been in Disney?

A:I supposed to be there for five months. But I quitted,you know,so only three months.

X:We all know Disney four keys,so how do you understand “show” in them?

A:Show is the borderline for me between who I am on and off the stage,or in front of the guests. I would say that being a character is both on and off stage,where the preparation to give the guests the best experience possible comes from how I give off the impression of a magical world like Disney.

X:So,how do you “show” and interact with the guests?

A:Uhh... So Disney cast members interact with guests in both a professional and family oriented way. Because we work for a mouse,it’s hard to be harsh,especially because we mostly work with kids. The way I worked with Disney’s guests is that I always wanted to act like I was with my own family,and that’s how I would treat others.

X:Can you give me a real example?

A:I always tell the kids we are working for the mouse. Sometimes a magical moment could be a smile,or a free cupcake. Depending on the situation,it’s always going to be different but always going to be needed. Everyone needs an extra thing to be happy about.

C(微信,2017.2.21)

X:你跟我一样也是在迪士尼待了半年,在这期间你换过工作吗?

C:没有,我就一直干酒店前台,不过有不同的工作地点。

X:你如何理解迪士尼四个关键里面的“表演”?

C:我认为show,从语言上就是运用一些特殊的词汇或者语气,肢体上一些特殊的动作,扮演迪士尼电影中的角色。

X:那你觉得在你工作的酒店,有哪些东西是迪士尼特有的、体现了迪士尼的独特服务?

C:在我工作的地方,我们会给退伍老兵或者现役士兵送一块特殊的签名板,酒店的员工用自己的母语在上面写下感谢语。我们前台会根据实际情况送给顾客各种不同的徽章或者气球,或者额外的fast pass。

X:都是哪些徽章?

C:有 “Happy Birthday”,“Happy Anniversary”,“Just engaged”,“Happy Graduation ” 等,都是根据客人订房的时候留下的信息给的。

X:你在工作的时候有给客人创造“Magical Moment”的时候吗?

C:有,我为客人创造的magic moment,如一个小男孩没拿住气球,导致其飞上屋顶。男孩大哭不止,也不愿意接受新的气球。我用特殊方法把气球拿了下来,男孩惊呼magic。主动拥抱我,说我们现在是朋友了。

X:我很好奇,是什么特殊方法呢?

C:就是找了一个线圈,在线圈上绑了一个气球,在那个气球上粘上透明胶,然后把这个气球放飞到屋顶,把屋顶上的那个气球粘下来。

E(Messenger,2017.1.27)

X:How do you understand “show” in four keys?

E:Well,we should be well dressed,not too weird,like colorful hair or oblivious tattoo. I have tattoo on my hand,so I always wear a long-sleeve shirt inside.

X:So,how do you interact with the guests,like what you say or do?

E:When they are waiting,I may chat with them. When they need help,I will always be there.

X:Can you share me a magic moment you create or the guests?

E:Yeah. There were a lot of kids in the restaurant. Sometimes they may spill their food. At this moment,I will go to counter to fetch a new one,or ask others to help me,if it is super busy in my area.

X:But I know sometimes we don’t see,some guests go to the counter and asked for a new one for free,how do you deal with that?

E:Most of the time,I chose to trust the guests. To make them satisfied is the most important thing,and we don’t lose too much,you know.

F(微信,2017.1.28)

X:我知道你在迪士尼主要是在商店工作,能给我具体讲一下你的主要工作内容吗?

F:对,我在Epcot Future World 各种小商店工作,但后来换到门口之后,主要是租轮椅和ECV电动车,因为那儿比较缺男的。ECV电动车一般跑不快,为了安全考虑,如果客人的ECV在路上坏了,我还要骑一台去救他们,不过这种情况比较少。我每天的主要工作就是把车租给他们,他们还回来之后清洗这些车。每次他们借车的时候,我会让他们写一张名片卡,放在车后面。有的时候是我帮他们写,我帮他们写的时候会写得稍微花哨一点。我们商店的名片卡也是会根据时间换的,Zootopia上映那阵子卡片就是Nick和Judy的背景。Jungle Book上映的时候就换成了丛林风。

X:哈哈,这真的是一个很好的宣传手段啊。那你在工作的时候是怎么给客人们创造Magic Moment,能给我几个具体的例子吗?

F:有的人腿脚不方便,在归还了所租轮椅之后,我们还会免费为他们提供“courtesy wheelchair”,让他们推到停车场,然后我们晚上再去推回来。上班的时候,要擦电动车。有一次让我特别感动,一对美国父母带着他们的小孩来迪士尼玩。父母都是白人,孩子却是亚洲人面孔。他的父母看见我名牌上写的来自中国,他们就让孩子用中文跟我打招呼。他们说,这个孩子出生在温州,可能是他们领养的。他们正在让孩子学习中文,告诉孩子不要忘记自己是从哪里来的,我特别感动。(www.xing528.com)

J(Messenger,2017.1.30)

X:Can you tell me how do you understand “show” in Disney “four keys”?

J:Okay,so my work is “show”. I worked in the character spot and took photos with the guests.

X:How do you interact with the guests?

J:Well,because I’m in costume,I cannot talk with the guests,I will use gestures to express what I want to say. My character attendant also stand by and help me. If the guest is a kid or a lady,I will hug them. I will pretend the character I perform. If I perform Mickey,I will be energetic. If it is Donald Duck,I should be mean,I can’t be too warm. Although sometimes the kid kicks me.

X:Can you share a magic moment you created with me?

J:It’s hard to say,I don’t have much touch with the guests in words. Maybe when the kid kicks me,I won’t be angry or something. That’s all.

K1(Messenger,2017.1.28)

X:How do you understand “show” in Disney “four keys”?

K:I feel like...every cast member is a like a performer right. We’d like to offer our guests the most magical experience and satisfaction so we perform our parts. We create magic,show our spirit,dedicate,be mindful about guests’ needs and provide whatever to make them feel like they're in the magical world.

X:How do you show and interact with the guests?

K:I consider about what I want guests to see or experience. When I’m on stage I stick to my role by entertaining guests,offering them help if needed,talking about Disney characters or stories(don’t ruin magic!)and make magical moments.

X:Can you share one magical moment you experienced?

K:It’s not so obvious but sometimes you let some people in fast pass or give them some gifts. It’s rare but happened. Like you give out a no string attached(注:No string是迪士尼商店的一种信用支票,员工根据实际情况给客人开具,在没有上级允许的情况下也可以退还给客人一定金额). But that’s hard for me because I have to ask coordinator to do that. But letting some birthday girl in fast pass line happened more often.

K2(Messenger,2017.2.8)

X:How do you understand “show” in Disney “four keys”?

K:Show,in my opinion,is presenting myself in a professional manner and making sure my work area is clean and presentable.

X:How do you show and interact with the guests?

K:Show is something the guest can physically see. Guests will feel comfortable and welcome in a clean area and the goal of being a Disney cast member is to make our guests happy.

X:Can you share a magic moment you created with me?

K:A magical moment I personally experienced is when I was working Front of House at Electric Umbrella. A guest was asking if they still sold Mickey ice cream bars at that time. I knew that it was getting later in the evening,near park closing,and that they were finished with selling them for the day. However,I remembered that we had a going-away party for one of our cast members earlier that day,and snacks were provided. We had leftover Mickey bars in the freezer downstairs,so I ran and got some for her and her children. It was a pleasant surprise for her and it made me very happy to make them happy.

L1(电话,2017.1.26)

X:你是如何理解迪士尼四个关键里面的“表演”?

L1:我觉得“show”的基本要义是为客人营造一个与现实世界迥然不同的梦幻乐园。在迪士尼乐园里,无论任何年龄、肤色、性别都能完全拥抱童心,衣食住行都离不开迪士尼电影的卡通形象和建筑。作为员工,服务的细节是游客形成对迪士尼印象的重点所在。

X:你在餐厅工作的时候是如何跟客人互动的?

L1:遇到客人亲切问好,欢迎他们来到迪士尼乐园并祝愿度过美好一天或者旅途愉快;将游客带入角色,如叫小男孩prince叫小女孩princess。见到他们就问:“How about your royal day,my princess?”

X:那你还有其他为客人创造“Magical Moment”的时候吗?

L1:在餐厅工作,赠送当天生日的游客一个杯子蛋糕,全场员工合唱生日快乐歌,带动其他就餐客人一起鼓掌,幸运儿往往激动万分。

L2(微信,2017.1.25)

X:你是如何理解迪士尼四个关键里面的“表演”?

L2:“Show”作为迪士尼“four keys”中之一,与迪士尼的娱乐性公司性质密不可分。正如我们所知,迪士尼乐园的主题灵感来自迪士尼品牌下各个电影、卡通故事情节等方面,在园区里各个迪士尼经典故事细节都被表现得生动奇妙,这点正契合了迪士尼要给客户顶级体验和服务的理念。即每一位客人来到迪士尼乐园都是进入了充满魔力的快乐地方,所有演职人员齐心营造出这种感觉,整体来说就叫作“Show”。

X:那你在商店工作的时候是如何跟客人互动的?

L2:遇到愿意与cast member 分享自己在园区快乐体验的小客人,并且面对他们充满童趣的提问时,我会用一种比较童话的方式回答他们,比如提到米奇等迪士尼人物,从而不打破他们对于show的感觉。

X:有具体例子吗?你是怎样不破坏客人的童话感觉的?

L2:有次上班的时候,忘记了戴名牌。经理给我的临时名牌上面的名字是Dale,有顽皮的小客人问我,我的兄弟Chip在哪儿?我愣了一会儿,然后想到Chip and Dale是迪士尼卡通片里的两只松鼠,于是我告诉他我的兄弟Chip现在正在Animal Kingdom。

X:还能给我举几个你给客人创造“Magical Moment”的例子吗?

L2:我在华特迪士尼世界一间度假酒店礼品商店工作时,曾协助经理一起为一位不小心夹到自己手指的两岁小客人准备礼物组合和贴心卡片,表示我们的慰问,这也是Mickey(米奇)的一种魔法吧。

S1(Messenger,2017.2.20)

X:Can you introduce your work in Walt Disney World?

S1:I took photos for guests and the characters,sometimes printed the photos in the camera center.

X:How do you interact with the guests?

S1:I always answer the guests’ questions patiently in the camera center. Usually,it took a long time for the guests to choose their favorite photos to print. I had to explain our charges again and again. Some guests from South America cannot understand English and it makes difficult to explain the charges for them. I can only understand a little Spanish,but I will try my best to help them or ask for my colleagues who can speak Spanish to help me.

X:How do you keep or create the magic for the guests?

S1:Well,once I took photos for the guests and Mickey Mouse,a little boy asked me:“How many Mickeys in the park? I just saw Mickey in Magic Kingdom,and now here’s a Mickey.”I told him only one Mickey,but Mickey has a long mouse hole for him to go from one park to another.

S2(Messenger,2017.1.25)

X:How long have you been working in Walt Disney World?

S2:I’ve been here for at least ten months. Before,I was in College Program. Later,I transferred to part-time job.

X:How do you understand “show” in Disney “four keys”?

S2:“Show” means you always get prepared to be Disney look,wherever you are in WDW(Walt Disney World).

X:What do you think is the Disney look?

S2:You should be courteous,energetic and always ready to help. Also,you have to use Disney gestures,like using two fingers when pointing the way.

X:How do you interact with the guests,or can you share a magical moment with me?

S2:When doing filler,I always chat with the guests about their experience in Disney or their favorite Disney characters to kill their wait time. When I saw the guests with “Happy Birthday” pin,I will appeal all the guests in the restaurant to sing the Happy Birthday song to the guests and give them a cupcake as birthday present to make them have an unforgettable experience in our restaurant.

Y(Messenger,2017.1.25)

X:What was your work in WDW?

Y:My last job was the park greeter in Epcot.

X:How do you interact with the guests when you work?

Y:Sometimes when the machine cannot verify the guests’ fingerprints,I always told the guests do not be nervous,we will help them out. I tried to comfort them to avoid this spoil their day and asked the coordinator for help.

X:Can you share a magical moment you create for the guests?

Y:When I close the park,I never drive them away. But wait until they leave the park exit and say gn with them. Sometimes I wore the Mickey gloves and asked them to give me four! Most of the guests also greeted with me and told me they spent a good time here.

Z1(面谈,2017.1.26)

X:你在迪士尼工作了多长时间?主要是做哪种类型的工作?

Z1:我在迪士尼工作了有半年。前几个月是在Contemporary Resort里做merchandise,后几个月转到园区里面做F&B。

X:在迪士尼工作的时候有没有让你印象非常深刻的事情?

Z1:我在Contemporary培训的前几天,有人在地上丢了一片纸,我看到之后立刻捡起来了。我的trainer看到之后表扬了我,还给我发了一张 “four keys”卡( “four keys”卡片是用来奖励员工在Safety,Courtesy,Show,Efficiency任一方面所做的好事,可以由领导颁发,也可以由目睹的同事向领导反映之后签发)。

X:进入园区工作之后,有哪些事情你认为具有迪士尼特色,能给客人带来愉快体验?

Z1:我在Magic Kingdom工作的餐厅地点离小熊维尼和跳跳虎的合照景点很近,我们餐厅和跳跳虎之间是有合作的。动画片中的跳跳虎是一个精力旺盛但做事急躁鲁莽的形象。所以每天下午三四点钟,跳跳虎会蹦蹦跳跳地跑过来,打翻我们餐厅的调料台,把原本收拾好的柜台弄得一团乱。不少客人都会大吃一惊,然后会心一笑。我们也装作很吃惊的样子,跟客人说跳跳虎这个调皮的小男孩,又要让我们收拾一阵子了。而这一切都是我们事前设计好的,为的是给客人一个惊喜,同时也为他们营造一种处于迪士尼童话世界中的奇妙感觉。

Z2(面谈,2017.1.26)

X:能简单介绍一下你的工作内容和工作地点吗?

Z2:我在迪士尼餐厅主要是做Seater的工作,处理客人在餐厅的预订,然后把他们领到位置上。我工作的地方在Wilderness Lodge里面的Whispering Canyon,我们整个酒店是在树林中的,以西部牛仔为主题。为契合餐厅主题,我们所有员工的工服都具有西部牛仔特征,女生的工服则更像是乡村厨娘装。所以和其他Deluxe餐厅不同的是,我们的服务风格可能更加狂野。

X:是怎样一种狂野的服务风格呢?

Z2:比如给客人纸巾、吸管、胡椒粉和盐的时候,服务员会一把扔在客人的桌上,然后告诉他们不要把这里弄得一团糟。当然我们也会考虑到不同客人的不同性格,事先给他们发一张卡片放在桌上,一面是一起骑马狂欢,一面是站在栅栏外观看,根据客人的不同选择,提供不同程度的服务。我们餐厅的一个特色活动是,当有客人想要番茄酱时,我们的服务员会大喊:“这里需要番茄酱!”然后有番茄酱那桌的客人就会把番茄酱全部拿过来放在需要番茄酱的客人桌上;又有新的人要时,再由现在这桌客人把番茄酱拿过去,这样一直传递,整个餐厅的气氛都很High。

X:能跟我分享一个你给客人们创造的Magic Moment吗?

Z2:我们在午餐晚餐的时候,都会组织与客人互动的活动,比如骑着马绕着餐厅跑。因为午餐的时候吃饭的客人比较少,有的时候我们组织这样的活动,没有人参加。有一次我就直接自己上了,然后绕到各个桌子,号召那些小孩子跟我一起来,效果还是很成功的。

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