Taking Multiple Measures and Making Adjustment to Local Conditions
Decentralized Processing of Rural Sewage
相对城市污水处理而言，农村污水处理还是目前环境治理的一道难题。由于受制于生产、生活方式和经济发展程度等多方面因素的影响，农村生活污水已成为潜在的污染。在崇明大部分农村地区，目前都还没有污水处理设施，农村分散农户的生活污水无序排放，严重制约了农业和农村经济环境的可持续发展，是崇明生态岛建设的关键问题之一。村镇污水的污染控制对于维持崇明岛区域生态平衡和生态环境健康，推动崇明的可持续发展具有重要意义。
Compared with urban sewage treatment， the rural sewage treatment is still a difficult problem of environmental management. Due to the influence of production， lifestyle， economic development and other factors， rural sewage has become a potential source of pollution. In most rural areas of Chongming， there are still no sewage treatment facilities. Thus， the disordered disposal of domestic sewage in rural areas has seriously restricted the sustainable development of agricultural and rural economic environment， which is one of the key issues in building Chongming an ecological island. The pollution control of sewage in villages and towns is of great significance to maintain the ecological balance and ecological environment of Chongming Island and to promote the sustainable development of Chongming.
村镇污水生物+生态处理技术
Sewage Biological and Ecological Treatment Technology in Villages and Towns
该项技术实现了除CODCr和脱氮除磷功能一体化，在较低的有机负荷下能同时获得良好的脱氮、除磷效果；处理系统运行有较大的灵活性和调节余地，以适应水质、水量变化；管理、运行、维修简单方便，系统运行完全实现自动化；无噪声、无臭味，不破坏污水处理站及周围环境，不影响周边居民生活；能耗低，仅需污水提升能耗；地形允许时亦可不需要动力，完全通过重力自流实现污水的净化；运行成本低，除了提升费和一些简单维护外，无其他额外费用。
Integrated with the CODCr removal and nitrogen and phosphorus removal， the technology facilitates to simultaneously get a good nitrogen and phosphorus effect under a low organic load. The operation of handling system has greater flexibility and room for adjustment in order to adapt to the changes of water quality and quantity. Management， operation， and maintenance are simple and convenient. And the system is fully automated with no noise and no smell to damage the surrounding environment of the sewage treatment stations and no disruption to residents living around. In addition， it has low energy consumption. If landform permits， it can also achieve the purification of sewage by water gravity. Another advantage lies in low operating costs because there are no other additional costs， except fees for promotion and simple maintenance.
土壤沟槽生活污水处理技术
Treatment Technology of Soil， Trench and Domestic Sewage
以土壤、聚氨酯海绵、砂砾及铁屑为介质的土壤沟槽生活污水处理技术解决了土壤渗滤系统易堵塞的技术瓶颈，适用于分散型生活污水处理。该技术适应土壤类型广，其改良后介质渗透速率不因土壤性质的变化而变化，同时还具有运行成本低、工艺简单、操作简便、适应水质范围宽、耐水力负荷冲击能力强等诸多技术和经济优势，并能明显改善我国部分地区由于缺乏污水收集和处理系统而造成的生活污水乱排放、污水处理能力差等问题，提升了我国相关地区污水达标排放的处理水平。
With the medium of soil， polyurethane sponge， gravels and iron filings， the treatment technology of soil，trench and domestic sewage has broken the bottleneck of soil infiltration system， which is suitable for dispersive domestic sewage treatment. This technology is widely adapted to different soil types. When the technology is upgraded， the medium permeation rate is unchangeable despite of the changes of soil properties. At the same time，this technology also enjoys economic and technological advantages such as: low operating cost， simple process，easy operation， adapting to wide range of water quality， strong resistance to hydraulic load. It can obviouslyimprove the chaotic discharge of domestic sewage and the poor capacity of sewage treatment resulting from lack of sewage collection and treatment systems. Thus， the ability is enhanced to deal with sewage to reach the discharge standards in some relevant areas of China.(www.xing528.com)
土壤沟槽生活污水处理系统结构示意图
Treatment technology diagram of soil， trench and domestic sewage
厌氧+多介质土地处理技术
Treatment System of Anaerobic and Multimedia Land
多介质土地处理系统是利用土壤－植物系统净化污水的功能，达到一定的处理目标。土地处理系统对污染物的去除过程包括土壤的过滤截留、物理和化学吸附、化学分解和沉淀、植物和微生物摄取、微生物的氧化降解、蒸发。其具有以下优点：工艺类型灵活多样、工程简易、基建投资省、管理简单方便、运行费用低、处理效果稳定，并能充分利用水、肥资源。
Multimedia land treatment achieves certain treatment objectives by purifying the sewage with soil-plant system. The process of removing pollutants in land treatment systems includes soil filtration and retention，physical and chemical adsorption， chemical decomposition and sedimentation， plant and microbial uptake，oxidative degradation of microorganisms and evaporation. It has the following advantages: flexible and diverse type of technology， simple process， low infrastructure investment， simple and convenient management， low running cost， stable effect after processing and full use of water and fertilizer.
创新思路，结合农村居民点分布特征，开展农村生活污水分散式处理研究，因地制宜探索农村污水分散处理新模式。近期在广大的农村地区不可能远距离收集建设大规模的集中污水处理厂。崇明岛开展农村生活污水分散式处理研究，应用复合式生物滤池技术、人工湿地组合处理技术、高浓度粪便污水就地处理技术等科技创新成果，提高了农村地区生活污水的污染控制能力。
With innovative ideas， researches are carried out on decentralized treatment of rural sewage to create a new model of rural sewage dispersion processing according to local conditions， in line with the distributioncharacteristics of rural residents. Since it is unlikely to build large-scale centralized sewage treatment plants in the vast rural areas， researches on decentralized treatment of rural sewage are carried out in Chongming Island with innovative technological results to improve the capacity of controlling sewage pollution in rural areas， such as hybrid biological filter technology， artificial wetland combination processing technology， high concentration of fecal sewage on the spot treatment technology and others.
分散式农村污水处理
Decentralized processing of rural sewage
村镇污水治理工程
Village sewage treatment project
(Contributed by Tongji University and Shanghai Jiaotong University， sorted by Kao Shujian ＆ Si Huiping)
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