Large-scale Solar Energy Technology Application
Photo-voltaic Building as a Landmark of World Expo
太阳能光伏发电技术是通过光电器件利用光伏原理将太阳能直接转换为电能，发电系统主要由太阳能电池、蓄电池、控制器和逆变器构成。该技术具有较少受地域限制、安全可靠、规模灵活、无噪声、低污染、建设周期短、无需消耗燃料和架设输电线路即可就地发电供电等无可比拟的优点。光伏发电系统可分为离网型光伏发电系统和并网型光伏发电系统，典型特征是需要蓄电池来存储能量。
Solar photo-voltaic power generation technology changes solar energy directly into electricity through photo-voltaic devices according to the principle of photo-voltaic. Power generation system is mainly consist of solar cells， storage batteries， controllers and inverter. The technology has unique advantages， such as less geographical limitation， with characteristics of safe and reliable， flexible scale， no noise， less pollution，short construction period， and it is no need to consume fuel and erect power transmission lines for supplying power locally. Photo-voltaic power generation system can be divided into off-grid photo-voltaic power generation system and grid-connected photo-voltaic power generation system. The typical feature is the need for batteries to store energy.
2010年上海世博会进行了太阳能光伏技术的大规模、多样化应用，其发电系统总装机容量约4.6兆瓦，远大于历届世博会的太阳能应用规模，光伏建筑一体化系统年平均发电量408万千瓦时，是我国光伏并网发电领域的成功范例。
Solar photo-voltaic technology is widely applied in 2010 Shanghai World Expo. The application of its total installed capacity amounts to 4.6 MW， much larger than the size of the previous World Expo solar energy applications.The average annual generating capacity of photo-voltaic building integrated system is 4.08 million kW·h， which is asuccessful example of China’s photo-voltaic grid-connected areas.
主题馆的最大单体太阳能屋面
The Largest Single Solar Roof of the Theme Pavilion
主题馆采用了屋顶一体化的太阳能电池组件，其屋面太阳能板设计安装容量为2 825千瓦，安装总面积为31 104平方米，是目前世界上单体面积最大的太阳能屋面。除发电外，这些太阳能电池组兼具隔热和保温等功能。年发电量可达280万度，相当于上海4 500多户居民一年的总用电量，每年可减少二氧化碳排放量约2 800吨，相当于每年节约标准煤1 000多吨。2010年上海世博会主题馆屋面已入选中国世界纪录协会世界最大单体面积太阳能屋面。
The theme pavilion is designed with a roof integrated solar cell module， of which the design installation capacity solar panel is 2 825 kW and the installation area is total 31 104 m2， which is the largest single-body solar roof in the world. Power generation， besides， these solar cells have thermal insulation function. The annual power generation can be up to 2.8 million kW·h， equivalent to the total electricity consumption of more than 4 500 residents of Shanghai， the annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions are about 2 800 tons， equivalent to an annual savings of more than 1 000 tons standard coal. The roof of 2010 Shanghai World Expo theme pavilion has been selected by China World Records Associations， the world’s largest single area solar roof.
中国馆的太阳能光伏技术
China Pavilion Solar Photo-voltaic Technology
安装于中国馆屋顶的太阳能电池组系统，装机容量约0.3兆瓦。为不影响整个屋顶的艺术效果，电池组件采用间隔方式铺设，部分区域使用透光式电池组件。除发电外，这些太阳能电池组兼具隔热和保温等功能。(www.xing528.com)
The installed capacity of solar cell system installed in the roof of the China Pavilion， is about 0.3 MW. In order to avoid affecting the artistic effect of the entire roof， the battery components are laid in a spaced way，and some areas are set by a translucent battery pack. In addition to power generation， these solar cells have both insulation and thermal functions.
中国馆的太阳能光伏技术
China pavilion solar photo-voltaic technology
世博中心太阳能屋顶系统
Solar roof system of Expo center
世博中心太阳能屋顶系统
Expo center solar roof system
世博中心的太阳能屋顶系统总装机容量约1兆瓦，共使用太阳能电池板近7 000块，占地8 000平方米左右。大面积铺设高效太阳能电池组件，同时在楼顶设备区、部分中央空调机组的外围都“包装”了百叶窗式的太阳能电池板，可以根据机组散热、太阳高度等状况，随时适度开合，高效利用光能。
Total installed capacity of Expo Center solar roof system is about 1 MW， with nearly 7 000 solar panels in total， covering about 8 000 m2. We lay efficient solar cell components in large area and “pack” blinds solar panels in the roof equipment area and part outside of the central air conditioning units. It can open and close appropriately at any time to make full use of light energy according to the unit heat， the sun height and other conditions.
在太阳能研究领域，聚焦关键技术攻关，促进科技成果转化，服务产业资源共享，努力打造太阳能产业核心竞争力，推动我国能源结构转型。建成一流的太阳能研发平台，建立光伏器件制备、组装及分析检测三个模块的研究设施，为基础科研获得关键数据，揭示机理。用以揭示光伏材料生长过程中微观缺陷的演变特征，阐明光伏材料内部缺陷的消除与控制机制，高晶体完整性、大尺寸光伏材料的生长，获得在多晶硅薄膜里的传输及其与材料里复合中心的相互作用机制。通过高精度实验测量，配合理论及数值计算，解决我国光伏产业发展中的科学技术问题，发展关键技术。
In the field of solar energy research， we focus on key technology promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements， share resource of service industry and strive to build the core competitiveness of solar energy industry to promote China’s energy structure transformation. We built a first-class solar energy research and development platform， establish photo-voltaic device preparation， assembly， and analysis of three modules of the research facilities for key data of basic research to reveal the mechanism， which is used to reveal the evolution characteristics of microscopic defects during the growth of photo-voltaic materials. It clarifies the elimination and control mechanism of internal defects in photo-voltaic materials， integrity of hypertonic and the growth of largesize photo-voltaic materials. We obtain the interaction mechanism of the transmission in poly-Si thin film and their integration with materials Center.
通过产业联盟的建立，可以使稀缺的太阳能相关资源得到充分利用，实现太阳能光伏产业链的均衡发展及与国外企业的平等竞争。企业、科研机构互相学习，取长补短，促进自身的最大发展。
We can make full use of the scarce solar energy related resources through industry alliance to achieve a balanced development of solar photo-voltaic industry chain and equal competition with foreign enterprises.Enterprises and research institutions should learn from each other to promote their own development.
（上海世博（集团）有限公司等单位供稿，祁凌云等整理）
(Contributed by Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co.， Ltd.，sorted by Qi Lingyun)
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