如何优化地下空间利用：以上海世博园区为例

How to develop the Underground Space

世博园区是范例

World Expo Site as an Good Example

2010年上海世博会地下空间的开发利用不仅将整个城市的活动联系在一起，构成城市发展的重要生命线；还是完善并提升城市功能，改善城市空间环境，使2010年上海世博会区别于以往各届世博会、体现主题的重要载体。世博轴及其地下空间位于浦东园区核心区，是2010年上海世博会园区最大的单体结构，占地面积13.6万平方米，总建筑面积24.8万平方米，全长约1 045米，地下宽约110米，地上宽约80米。是上海世博园区的标志性项目之一。无论是规模还是面积，世博轴及其地下空间都是世博园区之最。它连通地铁M8线的周家渡车站以及M7、M8号线的耀华路站，同时通过地下联络通道连接世博会的四大场馆（中国馆、演艺中心，主题馆、世博中心），从而使其成为整个世博园区地下城的枢纽。

The Shanghai World Expo and its underground space development ＆ utilization not only connected the activities of the entire city together， forming the critical lifeline for the urban development; but also， promoted and completed the urban functions， and improved the urban space environment， making the World Expo Shanghai different from all the former World Expo and signifying the theme. The Expo Axis and underground complex project is located in Pudong Core Site of the Expo. It is the biggest single structure of the Expo 2010 Shanghai China with covered area of 136 000 m2， total building area of 248 000 m2， total length of 1 045 m， underground width of 110 m and above ground width of 80 m， which is one of the great landmarks. Both the scale and the underground space of the Expo axis are the most of Expo Park. It connects the Zhoujiadu station of the M8 line of the MTR and the Yaohua Road Station on the M7 and M8 lines. It also connects the four venues (China Pavilion，Performing Arts Center， Theme Pavilion， Expo Center) through the underground contact channel， so it is the pivot of whole Expo Park underground city.

世博轴鸟瞰图
Expo axis aerial view

生态地下空间综合效益评价指标体系及评价方法

Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation Index System and Evaluation Method of the Ecological Underground Space

在明确未来地下空间开发以“生态化”为发展方向的基础上，借鉴国内外地下空间开发利用先进经验，结合2010年上海世博会园区地下空间开发实践，提出了生态地下空间综合效益评价指标体系及评价方法。该评价体系及方法总结了地下空间的一般基本特征，并深化了生态地下空间的概念与特性。评价指标包括了景观、噪音、二氧化氮浓度、周围空间价值、地下空间舒适性、空调能耗、建设费用、交通换乘、安全性、地下环境负荷、人员心理影响的各个方面。完整的指标体系为科学、系统、综合地评价地下空间提供了有效指导。

Based on the “ecological” development direction of the underground space development in the future， by taking advanced experience in underground space development ＆ utilization from at home and abroad， and in combination with the development ＆ utilization practice of the exposition site， the comprehensive benefit evaluation index system and evaluation method of the ecological underground space were proposed. The evaluation system and method summarized the general basic features of underground space and deepened the concept and characteristics of ecological underground space. The evaluation indexes involve various aspects of landscape， noise， nitrogen dioxide concentration， surrounding space value， underground space comfortableness，air-conditioning energy consumption， construction cost， traffic transfer， security， underground environmental load and personnel psychological effect. The complete index system provided an effective guidance to evaluate the underground space in a scientific， systematic and comprehensive manner.

生态地下空间综合效益评价指标体系
Evaluation index system of comprehensive benefit of ecological underground space

地下空间的生态建设技术集成体系

Ecological Construction Technology Integration System of Underground Space

上海世博园地下空间开发，将节能和清洁能源利用技术、水资源的再利用技术、新型环保型建材的应用技术、生态型通风技术、地下空间绿化配置技术、地下空间室内环境控制及改善技术、地下空间引导标示系统、绿色施工技术、地下空间防灾综合管理系统等进行综合集成。以完善的成套体系的形式，促进推广新技术、新材料、新工艺的示范与应用。

Various technologies were integrated in development of the underground space of the Shanghai World Expo Site， including energy conservation and clean energy utilization technology， water resource re-utilizationtechnology， new environmentally friendly material application technology， ecological ventilation technology，underground space greening arrangement technology， indoor environment control and improvement technology of underground space， underground space guidance system， green construction technology， underground space antidisaster total management system， etc. It aims to promote the demonstration and application of new technologies，new materials and new processes by means of a complete set of systems.

上海世博园地下空间的生态建设技术集成体系
The ecological construction technology integration system of underground space in Shanghai World Expo

组合结构在大跨度地下空间应用的分析理论与设计方法和经济性能评价

Analytical Theory， Design Method and Economic Performance Evaluation of Composite Structure’s Application in Long-span Underground Space(www.xing528.com)

针对世博轴超长地下结构的抗裂与抗浮问题，通过理论分析、数值计算等方法，建立了超长大开洞地下结构混凝土裂缝分析计算模型，分析了复杂边界约束与应力状态下的结构效应，成功应用于世博轴工程的施工缝与诱导缝的设置；通过世博轴结构混凝土的早龄期参数监测，总结了地下结构的监测技术特点，形成了地下结构的全寿裂缝动态监控技术，丰富了我国在该领域的研究成果；通过现场测试、模型试验、颗粒流模拟等方法，系统研究了扩底抗拔桩的群桩效应，提出上海地区扩底抗拔桩群的设计参数及抗拔桩群的设计建议。世博轴地下二层基坑围护结构采用重力式挡土墙结合地下连续墙的混合型围护形式，支撑体系与开挖方式采用“边环板逆作，中心顺作”方法，很好地解决了大尺度基坑的开挖问题，同时最大限度减少了工程废弃量。

Aiming at the anti-cracking and anti-floating problems of the long underground structure of the Expo Axis，the fracturing analysis model of the concrete structure of the super-long open tunnel was established through theoretical analysis and numerical calculation. By which the structure of the complex boundary constraint and stress state was analyzed. The results were applied to setting up of the Expo axis’s construction joints and induced joints. By monitoring the early parameters of the Expo axis structure， characteristics of monitoring technology of underground structures were summed up. The whole life crack dynamic monitoring technology was formed which enriched the research achievements in the field of our country. Based on the field test， the model test and the particle flow simulation， the pile-pile effect of the uplift pile was studied systematically. The design parameters and the design suggestions for uplift group piles in Shanghai region were also brought up. The structure of the foundation pit of the B2 floor of the Expo axis adopts the mixed retaining form of the gravity retaining wall combined with the underground continuous wall. The supporting system and the excavation work were completed by down-top building the sides and down-top building the center， which solved the problems of the excavation oflarge-scale foundation pit and minimized the amount of engineering waste.

组合结构在大跨度地下空间应用的分析理论与设计方法和经济性能评价
Analytical theory and design method and economic performance evaluation of composite structure in large span underground space

地下空间信息技术

Underground Space Information Technology

通过对地理信息系统（GIS）技术岩土工程数字化、信息化技术的集成研究，进行了大量探索性工作。从底层建立起具有自主知识产权的地下空间信息基础平台。制定地下空间信息（地层、地下管线和地下构筑物）的采集标准、分类体系，研制DML数据标志语言、设计软件构架、提供数据服务、数据处理和分析服务、独到之可视化与虚拟浏览服务以及专业应用服务。建立基于数字地层的地下管网综合信息管理技术与方法和基于数字地层的工程数值分析技术。为地下空间的科学开发和管理提供了科技支撑。

Through the integrated study on GIS (Geographic Information Systems) geo-technical engineering digital and information technology， a great deal of exploratory work was conducted. The basic platform of undergroundspace information with proprietary intellectual property rights was established from the bottom. The collection standard and classification system of underground space information (stratum， underground pipeline and underground structure) were formulated， the DML (Data Manipulation Language) was developed， the software framework was designed， and the data service， data processing and analysis， as well as unique visual and virtual browse and other professional application service were provided. The underground pipeline network comprehensive information management technology ＆ method and engineering numerical analysis technology on the basis of digital stratum were established， providing a scientific and technological support for the scientific development and management of underground space.

地下空间信息技术
Underground space information technology

地下空间信息基础平台
Underground space information infrastructure platform

我国地下空间开发利用发展趋势迅猛，在开发体量的显著增长下，部分地下空间规划、设计、施工、运维管理的质量在生态化、数字化的方面依旧同一些发达国家存在差距。该研究成果直接应用于2010年上海世博会园区地下空间的开发建设，为世博园地下空间建设成21世纪示范性地下空间提供了技术支撑。生态地下空间建设集成技术体系、绿色施工、采光、地下绿化等成果将产生可观的生态效益。数字地下空间信息平台的建立，用现代化的管理模式，把工程地质数据完整、准确、高效地保留下来，未来利用该系统可进一步对已有地下空间数据进行整理、分析，不但给施工过程中实时的指导，而且为以后的运营、维护、防灾情况提供三维的描述和信息的积累提供服务。科研成果将推进我国城市地下空间的发展，营造绿色生态环境，建立完善数字化系统，真正体现城市让生活更美好的世博主题。

The underground space development ＆ utilization is growing rapidly in China， and with the remarkable increase of building area developed， there is still a gap between the quality of partial underground space planning， designing， construction and operation ＆ maintenance management in China and in other developed counties in terms of eco-friendliness and digitization. The research achievement was directly applied to the underground space development and construction of the Shanghai World Expo Site， providing a technical support for the underground space of the site to become a demonstrative underground space of the 21st century. The achievements， such as the integrated technology system of ecological underground space construction， green construction， lighting， underground greening， etc.， will produce impressive ecological benefits. The digital underground space information platform kept the geological data of the engineering in a complete， accurate and effective way by means of a modern management pattern，and the platform can be used for further collating and analyzing the existing data of underground space in the future， so as to not only offer a real-time guidance to the construction process， but also provide three-dimensional descriptions for future operation， maintenance and disaster prevention as well as service for information accumulation. The scientific research achievements will promote the development of the urban underground space in China，create a green and ecological environment and establish a perfect digital system， so as to give full expression to the expo theme of “Better City， Better Life”.

城市地下空间的色彩规划应用
Application of color planning in urban underground space

阳光谷雨水收集
Sun valley rainwater collection

地下空间绿化
Underground space greening

（上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司等单位供稿，祁凌云等整理）

(Contributed by Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co.， Ltd.，sorted by Qi Lingyun)