高效保障城市地下空间安全疏散与监测

Proper Evacuation， Accurate Monitoring

城市地下空间防灾与安全疏散有保障

Guarantee for the Urban Underground Space Disaster Prevention and Safe Evacuation

随着经济的发展、隧道技术的进步以及地下空间开发力度的加大，上海已建和在建的地下道路隧道越来越多。一旦隧道内发生火灾，由于隧道疏散救援的距离长、救援难度大，往往会造成严重的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。尤其是以水底隧道等类型的隧道，隧道环境封闭，救援难度更大，并可能造成灾难性的后果。因此，城市地下道路隧道的防灾与安全疏散显得至关重要。

With economic development， tunnel technology progress and increasing development of underground space，there are more and more underground traffic tunnels constructed and under construction in Shanghai. In case of any fire in the tunnel， serious casualties and economic losses will be frequently incurred due to longer tunnel evacuation distance and higher difficulty in rescue. Especially to the underwater tunnels， its environment is closed，difficulty in rescue is higher， and the disastrous consequences may be caused. Therefore， fire resistance of the urban road tunnel is very important.

同时，上海作为一个拥有2千多万人口、充满流动性的超大规模城市，群体安全已成为城市公共安全关注的重点问题。从以往事故中可以看出，大客流聚集场所存在着各种安全隐患，也急需科学有效的信息化监测手段为警方提供技术支撑，及早发现人群运动状态的不?稳定表征信息。因此，针对大型公共场所人群安全风险实时监测与分析已成为当前乃至今后公共安全管理的一项重要工作。

At the same time， Shanghai， a large-scale city with more than 20 million population， is full of liquidity.Community security has become the major issue of public safety concerns. As can be seen from the previous accidents， there are a variety of security risks in the passenger flow place. It also urgently needs scientific and effective means of information monitoring for the public security organs to provide technical support，detecting the movement of the population instability information earlier. Real-time monitoring and analysis of security risks for people in large public places has become an important task in the current and future public safety management.

城市地下交通隧道防灾与安全疏散技术

Disaster Prevention and Safe Evacuation Technology of Urban Underground Traffic Tunnel

该技术对比分析了不同火灾探测报警系统的灵敏度及其性能特点，测试分析了自动灭火系统的控火灭火能力，提出了不同类型隧道的通风排烟方式，并形成了主动防火的技术体系。

This technology analyzes the sensitivity and performance characteristics of different fire detection and alarm systems， also tests the fire control and extinguishing ability of the automatic fire extinguishing system， puts forward the ventilation and exhaust system for different types of tunnels， finally forms the technical system of active fire prevention.

揭示了结构混凝土和防火涂料表面温度的分布规律，分析研究了隧道衬砌结构和设备被动防火的性能，提出了隧道结构和设备的被动防火保护原则和技术对策。

It is revealed that the distribution of the surface temperature on the structural concrete and the fireproof coating， analyzed the performance of the tunnel lining structure and the passive fire protection of the tunnel，and put forward the passive fire protection principle and technical countermeasure of the tunnel structure and equipment.

通过综合考虑火灾特点、车辆类别、人员分类、疏散方式等要素，创建了有效的人员安全疏散模式，提出了隧道疏散设施设置的方法，形成了主动防火、被动防火和安全疏散等隧道火灾综合防范技术与措施，综合提高了城市地下道路隧道的防火抗灾能力。

Fully considering the fire characteristics， vehicle category， personnel classification， evacuation pattern andother factors， this paper has formed an effective evacuation model of personnel， and put forward the method of tunnel evacuation facilities， then formed the comprehensive prevention technology and measures of tunnel fire prevention， such as active fire prevention， passive fire prevention and safe evacuation， which improve the fire and disaster resistance of urban underground road tunnels comprehensively.

隧道全尺寸火灾试验
A full-scale fire test of the tunnel

隧道内烟气扩散与人员疏散模拟
Simulation of smoke diffusion and personnel evacuation in tunnel

大客流聚集安全风险监测技术(www.xing528.com)

Large Passenger Flow Safety Risk Monitoring Technology

采用大数据融合分析关键技术，克服了单源数据可能不准确的，甚至误差非常大的问题。重点研究基于统计技术的多源信息融合分析技术，通过分析算法综合考虑和处理各种干扰信息，并利用分析结果进行高密度人群的预测及预警。

The usage of big data fusion for analyzing key technology to overcome single source data is probably inaccurate or even causes major deviation problems. The key of the research lies in multi-source information fusion analytical technology based on statistical technology to deal with all kinds of interference information， and to predict and forewarn high-density crowd from the results of analysis algorithm.

建立手机网络数据和人数对应关系模型，以基于基站信令数据的人数统计，建立自适应的手机与人数对应关系数据模型，尽可能更准确地统计密集人群数据。

The mobile phone network data and head count correspondence model are based on the statistics of the head count of base station signaling data. With adaptive mobile phone and head count correspondence data model established， the population data can be statistically as accurate as possible.

实施手机信令和网络数据的定位分析，利用运营商信令数据进行定位分析，同时对公共场所Wi-Fi和运营商网络数据进行嗅探，采集用户通信网络活动数据，分析客流聚集人群的详细密度分布。

The implementation of mobile phone signal and network data positioning analysis makes use of carrier signaling data for location analysis. At the same time， by sniffing on public Wi-Fi and carrier network data， the model will collect user telecommunication network activity data for analysis on detailed density distribution of passenger flow aggregation.

城市地下交通隧道防灾与安全疏散技术，借助隧道全尺寸火灾试验、防火抗爆裂试验、人员安全疏散试验的研究结论，提出隧道报警技术、消防技术、通风排烟技术、结构被动防火技术、疏散通道设计等工程技术措施，其主要研究成果已经应用于上海长江西路隧道的设计与建设中，同时对隧道工程的防灾设计与安全运营管理具有指导意义。

The tunnel fire alarm and ventilation technology of the city utilized the research conclusion of full-scale tunnel fire experiment， fire and burst resistance test and personnel safety evacuation test of have brought up the engineering technology measures like tunnel alarm system， fire technology， ventilation and smoke technology， structural passive fire prevention technology， evacuation of the tunnel fire design etc.， the main research results of which have alreadybeen applied in the design and construction of the Shanghai West Yangtze River Road tunnel， serves as a guidance for disaster prevention design and safety operation management in tunnel engineering.

在2016年和2017年元旦、春节、春运、元宵节、国庆等重大节假日期间，大客流聚集安全风险监测技术已在上海市公安局指挥中心投入使用，针对本市外滩、陆家嘴、豫园、龙华寺、火车站、长途客运站等重点区域，初步实现了对上述区域内的当前人数估算、客流变化趋势预测、安全风险等级预警、区域周边轨交站点进出站人数提示、监控探头视频实时调用以及对相关历史数据的综合统计分析等功能，为上海公安机关应对大客流聚集时的指挥决策、风险防范、安全预警等提供技术辅助支撑。

On New Year’s Day， Spring Festival， Spring Festival transportation season， Lantern Festival， National Day and other major holidays in 2016 and 2017， large passenger flow safety risk monitoring technology has been put into use in the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Public Security Command Center for monitoring the Bund，Lujiazui， Yuyuan Garden， Longhua Temple， Shanghai Railway Station， long-distance passenger station and other key areas， which realized primary comprehensive statistical analysis on relevant historical data on current regional headcount estimation， passenger flow trend predictions， security and risk level forewarning， inbound and outbound headcount prompts in bordering area stations， real time check on monitoring and surveillance video etc.， providing technical support for Shanghai public security organs to deal with large passenger flow for decision-making， risk prevention， security and early warning for safety.

针对城市地下道路隧道开展的防火灾方法及安全疏散技术措施的技术研究，从主动和被动两方面开展了专门的隧道防灾技术研究，并从人员安全的角度研究了关键的疏散措施，为避免灾难带来的巨大生命财产损失，维护城市地下隧道的安全运营、管理以及使用寿命等提供了一定的技术保障，也可为相关地下空间的开发和安全维护提供技术指导，具有显著的社会效应和经济效益。并可辅助性地降低隧道的火灾风险与灾后损失，对推广应用于类似工程具有广阔的前景。

In terms of technical research on the fire prevention methods and safe evacuation technology in urban underground road tunnels， special tunnel disaster prevention technology research has been carried out from both active and non-passive aspects， and the key evacuation measures have been studied from the perspective of personnel safety， providing technical support for preventing huge losses of life and property， maintaining safe operation， management and service life of urban underground tunnels， as well as offering technical guidance for relevant underground space development and safety maintenance to achieve significant social effects and economic benefits assisting in lowering tunnel fire and post-disaster losses. Vice verse， the good results will promote applications in similar engineering project with broad prospect.

通过大客流聚集安全风险监测技术在上海公安系统的试点应用，为上海公安机关开展大客流聚集安全风险监测提供辅助技术手段，有助于提升公安机关应对和处置各类突发事件的能力，确保公安机关更好地履行维护社会治安稳定的职能，具有良好的推广发展前景。

Through pilot application in Shanghai public security system， large passenger flow safety risk monitoring technology provide auxiliary technical support for Shanghai public security organ to carry out large passenger flow safety risk monitoring and help improve capabilities in coping with all kinds ofemergencies for the public security organs and in better maintaining social order， which promised a good prospect for further promotion.

（上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院等单位供稿等单位供稿，虞俭等整理)

(Contributed by Shanghai Tunnel Engineering of Railway Transit Design and Research Institute and other institutions， sorted by Yu Jian)