城市综合体消防风险管理及应急方案研究

Preventing Fire Disaster in Hyper Urban Complex

城市综合体消防安全有保障

Guarantee for Fire Safety of Urban Complex

所谓“城市综合体”是将城市中的商业、办公、居住、旅店、展览、餐饮、会议、文娱和交通等城市生活空间的三项以上进行组合，并在各部分间建立一种相互依存、相互助益的能动关系，从而形成一个多功能、高效率的综合体。

“Urban complex” is the combination that more than three kinds of living space in the city， including commerce， office， residence， hotel， exhibition， catering， conference， entertainment and transportation and other spaces， and establishes an interdependent， mutually beneficial dynamic relationship among various parts， thus forming a multifunctional and efficient complex.

城市综合体的特点为：建筑规模大，功能复杂；使用新的建筑形式；结构形式个性化、多样化；出现中庭类建筑；大型综合体人流大、通风排烟困难。这些特点造成综合体存在人员密集、疏散困难、火灾荷载大以及管理复杂易缺失等安全隐患，一旦发生火灾，灭火和人员疏散就存在很大的困难，容易造成重大的人员伤亡事故和经济损失。特别是建筑防火设计和消防安全管理等方面作为现阶段综合体建筑消防安全的短板，其研究需求尤为突出。

The features of the urban complex are: large-scale buildings， complex functions; using new building form;personalized and diversified structure; the appearance of the atrium class building; large flow of people in the large-scale complex and bad ventilation. These features cause the dense population， evacuation difficulties， large fire load and the complex management that are easy to be missed and other security risks. In case of fire， fire control and personnel evacuation is very difficult， which will easily cause major accident and economic losses.Especially fire protection design in building and fire safety management and other aspects of the current building，as the short board of fire safety in urban complex， the needs of related researches are particularly prominent.

城市综合体消防安全关键技术

Key Technology of Fire Safety for Urban Complex

针对城市综合体，深入剖析了其建筑特征和火灾特征。将城市综合体的火灾风险划分为个体风险、社会风险和管理风险来进行研究；开展了城市综合体的相关消防制度与预案研究以及安全疏散技术研究。(www.xing528.com)

For the urban complex， the architectural features and fire characteristics are analyzed in depth. The urban fire is divided into individual risk， social risk and management risk to carry out research; the researches of relevant fire system， plan and the researches of safe evacuation technology are carried out in urban complex.

通过对超高层建筑、大空间场所以及大型商业建筑等几种典型城市综合体建筑形式的烟气规律研究，具体探讨了“多地块地下开挖建筑的城市公共通道”、“大型单体地下商业空间的下沉广场”以及“超高层的避难层”等几种典型公共界面空间的人员设计要点；探讨了“室内步行街”、“屋顶疏散平台”以及“地铁上盖建筑的大平台”等几种常见的“缓冲空间”的疏散设计要点；探讨了辅助疏散技术的设计要点；提出了城市综合体人员疏散策略的控制目标。

This paper studies the flue gas law of several typical urban complex buildings， such as super high-rise buildings， large space places and large commercial buildings，discusses the concrete channel of “multi-block underground excavation building”， “large single underground commercial space of the sink square”， “highlevel refuge layer”and several other personnel design points of typical public space， and explores the“indoor pedestrian street”，“roof evacuation platform”and“the large platform for the buildings on the subway” Besides，this paper discusses the design points of the auxiliary evacuation technology， and puts forward the control target of personnel evacuation strategy of the urban complex.

选取了上海真如城市副中心大型综合体进行应用示范。这一综合体具有地下部分相互贯通、商业面积规模大、功能多、人员密度相对较高、正常运营时内部交通流线复杂的典型特点。其地下商业区总面积达17万平方米，共设置了13个下沉式广场。结合防火墙、商业步行街等分隔措施，可将地下商业区分隔为9个面积小于20 000平方米的防火区块，并根据着火位置的不同，制定了优化的大区域报警联动及疏散方案，该方案具有人员疏散角度更快速高效，疏散报警联动量体裁衣的特点，可减少不必要的远离着火区域防火分区疏散的问题。同时，项目组还利用“建筑功能区段的疏散技术”研究成果，利用下沉广场解决大型地下商业的防火分隔和人员疏散问题，提出了相应的强化消防措施以进一步提高人员疏散的安全性。

It selected the large-scale complex of Shanghai Zhenru urban deputy center as the application demonstration.This complex has the typical characteristics， including underground breakthrough， large commercial area， various function， high personnel density， complexity of the internal traffic flow lines in the normal operation time. Its underground commercial possesses total area of 170 000 m2， and underground business set up a total of 13 sinks square. Combined with firewalls， commercial pedestrian street and other separate measures， the underground business is divided into nine areas less than 20 000 m2 of fire blocks. According to the different fire location， thisstudy developed an optimized large area alarm linkage and evacuation program. From the view of more quick and efficient evacuation， evacuation alarm linkage， it has reduced the unnecessary evacuation away from the fire area.At the same time， the project team also used the research results“evacuation technology at functional section of construction”， making use of sinking square to solve fire separation and personnel evacuation problems of largescale underground business， and put forward the corresponding fire control measures to further improve personnel evacuation safety.

通过在该项目中的应用表明，本项目针对大型综合体建筑相关问题，提出了有针对性的、可操作的解决方案，并可推广到其他大型综合体建筑中。

The application in the project shows that the project put forward a targeted， operational solutions for related issues of large complex building which can be applied to other large complex building.

(上海消防局等单位供稿等单位供稿，虞俭等整理)

(Contributed by Shanghai Fire Department， sorted by Yu Jian)