从根本解决湿地治污问题的全新技术

Integrated Pollution Control Method

农村水污染治理

Rural Water Pollution Treatment

随着中国新型城镇化建设，农村基础设施和居住环境发生变化，农村污水面临排放量加大、水质恶化以及清洁水源稀缺等问题，如不加处理直接排放会给水体环境造成危害。目前，农村污水处理主要采用两种处理工艺：

上海市奉贤区果园村边坡人工湿地污水处理系统
Shanghai Fengxian District orchard slope artificial wetland sewage treatment system

China’s new urbanization changes rural infrastructure and living environment. Increasing rural sewage emissions， deteriorated water quality and exhausted clean water sources， direct discharge of sewage will damage water environment. At present， there are mainly 2 kinds of rural sewage treatment processes:

●　膜处理工艺。该工艺集成程度高，处理效果较好，但氨氮不达标和维护管理复杂等缺点限制了该工艺的应用；

●Membrane processing technology is a highly integrated and effective treatment， but risk that emission of ammonia nitrogen fail to meet standard and difficult maintenance and other disadvantages limit its application;

●　传统生物处理加氧化塘或人工湿地处理工艺。此工艺处理效果稳定，维护管理简单方便，但占地面积稍大，受气候影响大，尤其是北方地区，冬天季节植物无法生长，致使处理效果下降和不稳定等。

●Traditional biological treatment combined with oxidation or artificial wetland treatment process， has advantages of stable effect， easy maintenance， and disadvantage of larger area occupation， vulnerability to climate.Especially in the northern region， where plants cannot grow in winter， decreased treatment effect and instability comes with it.

结合我国农村现状，大量工业废水不断纳入农村污水中，简单的处理工艺已无法满足出水要求；加上农民居住分散，采用集中化规模化处理设备，既浪费资源，又难以取得好的效果。因此，目前急需一种符合当下农村污水处理现状的工艺，即一种占地面积小、集成化程度高、灵活度高、处理效果好、能耗低的一体化工艺设备。

In the context of China’s rural development where a great deal of industrial waste water flow into the rural sewage， simple treatment process is incapable of meeting water supply standards; The fact that farmers live scattered dictates that it is waste of resources and difficult for centralized large-scale processing equipment.Therefore， there is an urgent need for integrated process equipment meeting with present rural conditions，with merits of small area occupation， high integration， high flexibility， good treatment effect and low energy consumption.

农村污水生态处理技术体系与集成示范

Rural Sewage Ecological Treatment Technology System and Integrated Demonstration(www.xing528.com)

与城镇污水不同，农村污水有其独特的特征，主要体现在点多、面广和污染负荷波动大等方面，常规的生物处理技术流程长、污泥排放量大且需专业的技术人员精心呵护。所以，只有高效、低投入、低运行成本的农村污水处理技术才符合我国国情。人工湿地脱氮本是个很好的生态水处理技术，但因为脱氮效果不佳，很难达到国家一级B排放标准，所以难以推广。这主要是因为湿地基质层基本处于缺氧状态，基质内部缺氧、厌氧、好氧反应时间难以调控。新的技术提出了改变湿地基质内污水高程及停留时间来调控创建好氧区和厌氧区，并研究创制了系列虹吸管来调控湿地浸润程度和面积，这种虹吸装置可实现人工湿地连续进水、周期性排空的要求，自动调控湿地浸润面，无需耗费人力和能源，调节控制可谓随心随意。该一体化设备属于经济、高效的农村污水处理技术，已实际投产运行的工程案例具有较好示范作用，现阶段编制相关的工程建设技术指南，以保证其规模化的推广应用。

Different from urban sewage， sewage in rural areas has its unique characteristics of wide distribution and large pollution load fluctuation and so on， conventional biological treatment technology is restricted with long process， large sludge discharge and professional technical support. Therefore， only rural sewage treatment technology with high efficiency， low investment， low operating costs meet China’s national conditions. Artificial wetland denitrification is a good ecological water treatment technology， but due to its poor nitrogen removal， it is difficult to meet national level B emission standards， hence difficult to promote.This is mainly because wetland matrix is basically in state of hypoxia， reaction time of hypoxia， anaerobic，aerobic in internal matrix is difficult to control respectively. The new technology proposes to change effluent elevation and residence time in wetland matrix to precisely control of aerobic and anaerobic zones and to establish a series of siphon tubes to control wetland infiltration and covering area. This siphon can achieve continuous wetting of constructed wetlands and the goal of periodic emptying， automatic control of wetland infiltration in the absence of human and energy consumption， which can be described as you do whatever you want. The integrated rural sewage treatment technology is economically efficient， and has been put into operation and made a good demonstration effect. Technical guide for engineering construction is being drafted， to smooth its popularization and application effect.

新型FPM一体化农村污水处理技术及设备

New FPM Integrated Technology and Equipment for Treating Rural Sewage

新型FPM一体化农村污水生态处理设备集物化处理、生物处理、深度处理、消毒为一体，实现设备化直排。FPM一体化设备采用了新型的生化与物化高级处理技术，高效低耗，且集多功能一体化，无需建设大规模生化曝气池，节约了土地资源。同时，满足农村污水分散性特点，设备运输方便，可根据实际点源情况进行布设，改变长距离基建管网输送难的状况，节省基建投资，符合我国农村发展的需求。

The new FPM rural sewage ecological treatment integrates physicochemical treatment， biological treatment，deep treatment， and disinfection. FPM integrated equipment adopts new type of advanced biochemical and physicochemical processing technology， with the advantages of high efficiency， low energy consumption， multifunction integration， and free of building large-scale biochemical aeration tank， which would save land resources.At the same time， it meets the characteristics of dispersed rural sewage distribution， and can be conveniently transported. Moreover， it can be deployed according to sources distribution， which would change the situation where long distance infrastructure network transmission is difficult， and saving infrastructure investment. It conforms to the requirements of rural development in China.

该新型FPM一体化农村污水生态处理设备创新采用圆柱形构造，内部处理具有一定的保温功能。对比分散型多级处理，活性污泥法中微生物受季节温度影响较大，不适用于北方冬季时期，限制了其应用范围。但该设备能适应外部温度的变化，可避免季节性影响，保证出水稳定。由于该项目一阶进水为循环水渠形式，在一阶反应器内，新旧废水不断进行循环混合，当进水水质波动较大时，进水迅速在循环水池内得到混合缓冲，从而不会造成因进水水质波动影响系统运行。

This new type of FPM integrated rural sewage ecological treatment equipment adopts cylindrical structure，with thermal-preserving internal structure. Compared with distributed multi-stage treatment， the microbes in active sludge process are susceptible to season， temperature， making it not suitable in winter of the north，of limited its application range. But this equipment can be immune with seasonal fluctuations and adaptive to changing external temperature ensuring water stability. The first step of the project adopts water circulation channel， in which the old and new waste water is constantly mixed. When water quality fluctuates greatly， the influent is quickly mixed in the circulating buffer pool， so as not to dampen the running system due to influent water quality fluctuation.

相关技术已在农村范围内进行宣传推广，并成功在山东、河南等农村污水处理项目中得到实际应用，获得当地环保部门及居民的一致认可。

This technology has been popularized in rural areas， and has been successfully applied in rural sewage treatment projects， in places such as Shandong and Henan Province.

河南省濮阳市清丰县FPM一体化农村污水处理设备
FPM integrated equipment for treating rural sewage， Qingfeng County， Henan Province

（同济大学和上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司等单位供稿，朱昊辰等整理）

(Contributed by Tongji University and Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) co.， Ltd.， sorted by Zhu Haochen)