如何让煤充分干净地燃烧？

Sufficient and Clean Burning of Each Gram of Coal

化石能源的清洁高效利用

Clean and Efficient Utilization of Fossil Fuel

中国是一个能源以煤为主的国家，目前发电装机容量中60%是煤电，发电量中70%是煤电。中国以煤为主的能源结构短期难以改变，因此如何提升常规燃煤发电技术，发展高参数超超临界燃煤机组，提高机组热效率，降低发电煤耗，同时减少二氧化碳和其他大气污染物的排放，符合行业的当前需求。燃煤电厂清洁高效发电是能源科技发展的重要方向与趋势。

China’s energy structure is dominated by coal， 60% of the current power generation capacity is by coal， and electricity generation by coal is 70%. China’s coal-based energy structure is difficult to change in the short term.To achieve clean and efficient power generation of coal-fired power plants is an important direction and trend of energy technology development， including improving the conventional coal-fired power generation technology，the development of high-parameter ultra-supercritical coal-fired units to enhance unit thermal efficiency and reduce coal consumption， while reducing carbon dioxide and other air pollutants emissions to meet the current needs of the industry.

常规燃煤发电技术创新

Technical Innovation of Conventional Coal-fired Power Generation

基于广义回热理论，研发的广义回热技术，突破火电机组热效率进一步提升的瓶颈，两台1 000兆瓦机组应用该技术后，供电煤耗可下降5.85克/千瓦时。研发烟气余热综合利用技术，降低排烟温度。减少汽轮机热耗，并最终平衡脱硫系统的能耗。该厂两台1 000兆瓦机组应用该技术后，机组供电煤耗下降2.71克/千瓦时。基于中温省煤器的低低温除尘技术，实现低低温除尘，最终大幅减少SO2和PM2.5排放，提高机组经济性。运用FCB技术对系统设计和配置做大量的改进和优化，确保机组FCB功能的正常运作。研制的“高温亚临界”技术可以保持机组压力在亚临界水平（约17兆帕）不变，把机组主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度均提高到600 ℃的水平，从而大幅提高机组效率，具有极高的性价比。采用高低位技术提高机组循环效率，从而不断提升汽轮发电机组的蒸汽参数。

Based on the generalized theory of regenerative heat， the generalized regenerative technology is developed to break through the bottleneck of thermal power unit to further improve the thermal efficiency. After the application of this technology， the power consumption of coal of the two 1 000 MW units can be reduced by 5.85 g / (kW·h).Research and development of comprehensive utilization technology of waste heat in flue gas could reduce the exhaust temperature and the turbine heat consumption， and ultimately balance the energy consumption of the desulfurization system. Two 1 000 MW units have been applied with the technology， and its power consumption decreased by 2.71 g / (kW·h). Based on the low temperature dust removal technology of medium temperature economizer， low temperature dust removal is realized， and the SO2 and PM2.5 emissions are greatly reduced and the unit economy is improved. Using FCB technology in system design and configuration can do a lot for improvement and optimization to ensure the normal operation of the FCB function of the unit. “high temperature subcritical”technology with high ratio of cost-performance can keep the unit pressure at subcritical level (about 17 MPa) unchanged， the main steam and reheat steam temperature of the unit are raised to 600 ℃， thus greatly improving the unit efficiency. By using the technology of high and low placement， it can improve the efficiency of the unit cycle and continuously improve the steam parameters of steam turbine generator.

上海外高桥第三发电厂
Shanghai Waigaoqiao No.3 Power Generation Co.， Ltd

超超临界660兆瓦等级燃煤发电机组

Ultra-supercritical 660 MW Grade Coal-fired Generating Unit

通过高效、结构独特、维护简便的汽轮机技术， 并基于全三元AIBT技术平台，采用小直径、多级数的设计技术，从而提高通流效率，保证最优的经济性以及可靠的安全性。采用圆桶型双层缸设计，适应更高的工作压力和温度。在汽轮机设计时，采取了一系列独特的技术以及汽缸整体精装出厂，使得机组的可靠性、运行稳定性等得到了充分的保证。(www.xing528.com)

Based on the AIBT technology platform， flow efficiency is improved and optimal economy as well as reliable security is ensured by using steam turbine technology with high efficiency， unique structure and easymaintenance， and using small diameter and multi-stage design technologies. The use of drum-type doublecylinder design could adapt to higher working pressure and temperature. During the design of steam turbine， a series of unique technologies are taken， as well as the overall cylinder hardcover factory， fully guaranteeing thereliability and stability of the unit.

巴基斯坦塔尔电厂
Pakistan Tall Power Plant

运输过程中的660 MW高效超超临界汽轮发电机
660 MW efficient ultra-supercritical steam turbine generator in transportation

煤种适应性强的锅炉技术，针对塔尔项目褐煤的特点，采用塔式锅炉配风扇磨方式进行设计，可以保证褐煤煤粉的干燥制备要求并达到良好的机组运行性能。

According to the characteristics of the lignite in Thar project， boiler technology with high coal adaptability uses the tower boiler with fan grinding method to ensure the dry preparation requirements of lignite and achieve good performance of the unit.

发电机采用模块化的结构设计技术，通过采用隐式风斗结构，提高通风效率，降低通风损耗；优化定子线圈截面设计，降低定子线圈损耗；改进轴瓦结构，降低机械损耗；最终将效率提高到99%，达到国际一流水平。

The generator adopts the modular structure design technology. The ventilation efficiency is improved and the loss of ventilation is reduced by using the implicit ventilator structure; the loss of the stator coil is reduced by optimizing its section design; and the mechanical loss is reduced by improving the bearing structure， finally efficiency can be increased to 99% and achieve the international first-class level.

随着低碳经济时代的到来，能源结构调整加速，火电市场将加速淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后产能，而作为具有国际领先水平的超超临界660兆瓦发电机组，凭借性能优良、结构成熟可靠，运行维护的便捷特点，其推广应用将大力地推进电力工业节能减排工作，为建设资源节约型社会贡献力量。随着国家“一带一路”政策的推进，先进的超超临界技术将在海外得到大力发展，在国内外电力设备市场中具有广阔的应用前景。

With the arrival of low-carbon economy era， energy restructuring is accelerating， during which， thermal power market will speed up on replacing backward production capacity with high energy consumption and high pollution. The ultra-supercritical 660 MW generating unit reaches international leading level with excellent performance， mature and reliable structure， easy operation and maintenance features， so its promotion and application will promote the energy saving and emission reduction work in power industry vigorously and make contributions to resource-saving society construction. With the promotion of the“Belt and Road” initiative， the advanced ultra-supercritical technology will be vigorously developed in overseas with broad application prospects in the domestic and international power equipment market.

（申能集团（上海外高桥第三发电厂）等供稿，杜坤杰和李琦芬等整理）

(Contributed by Shenneng Group Co.， Ltd. (Shanghai Waigaoqiao No. 3 Power Generation Co.， Ltd.)， sorted by Du Kunjie and Li Qifen)