将现代大工业过程引入建筑业的优化方案

Introduction of Modern Large-scale Industrial Process into Construction Industry

建筑工程工业化建造技术与示范

Industrialized Construction Technologies of Architectural Engineering and Demonstration

目前中国正处于快速城镇化的进程中，到实现“全面小康”的2020年，中国城镇人口将超过8亿，城镇化水平达到60%左右，建筑工程将在一定时间内保持在较高数量水平。传统工程建造方式存在建造能耗高、资源消耗大、安全隐患多、生产效率低等问题，严重阻碍了国家经济建设的可持续发展，因此，建筑工程工业化建造势在必行。近年来，建筑工业化得到了国家和各地方的高度重视。包括上海在内的全国20多个省市出台了推进建筑工业化相关政策。工业化建造技术的发展，对提升我国建筑工程建设技术水平，引领传统产业升级，推动社会可持续发展都具有重要的意义。

At present， China is in the process of rapid urbanization. By 2020 when a well-off society in an all-round way has been established， China’s urban population will exceed 800 million; the level of urbanization will reach about 60%， and the architectural engineering will remain at high levels in quantity in a certain period of time. In terms of the traditional way of engineering construction， the consumption is large in energy and resources; besides，the production efficiency is low and many problems arise in safety， which seriously hindered the sustainable development of national economy. The industrialization of architectural engineering is imperative. In recent years，the industrialization of architectural engineering has been attached great importance by the state and local. The related policies for promoting the industrialization have been issued by the state as well as more than 20 provinces and cities， including Shanghai. The development of industrialized construction has great significance in improving the construction level of architectural engineering in China， in leading the upgrading of traditional industry， and in promoting social sustainable development.

建筑工程工业化建造设计技术

Industrialized Construction Design Technologies of Architectural Engineering

适用于工业化建造的结构在国外以及我国港澳地区已广泛应用。上海建工集团在本世纪初开展了大量的工业化建筑设计技术研究工作并取得了关键性技术成果。在工业化建筑结构体系设计研发方面，自承担国内产业化住宅首批试点工程（万科新里程项目，2007年）以来，上海建工集团设计研发了多种新型工业化建筑结构体系，包括现浇混凝土框架+预制外墙体系、预制混凝土框架+预制外墙体系、现浇混凝土剪力墙+ PCF（半预制）外墙体系、现浇混凝土剪力墙+ PCTF（带保温层半预制）外墙体系、预制混凝土剪力墙+ PCTF外墙体系、自承式钢筋桁架铝模体系、自承式可拆卸钢筋桁架模板体系、钢框木模组合体系等。在预制构件及节点设计技术方面，研发了预制外墙板功能设计技术、预制构件节点连接形式优化设计技术以及节点防水设计技术。通过高效节能与结构一体化围护技术的研发，实现了建筑保温与主体结构同寿命。

The structure suitable for industrialized construction has been widely applied in foreign countries， Hong Kong and Macau of China. At the beginning of this century， a lot of research on industrialized construction design has been carried out by Shanghai Construction Group Co.， Ltd.， and some key technological achievements have been made. In the aspect of the design， research and development of industrialized architectural structure system，since Shanghai Construction Group has undertaken the first pilot project of domestic industrialized residence(Vanke New Mileage project， in 2007)， various new industrialized architectural structures have been designed and developed， including the cast-in-situ concrete frame + prefabricated exterior wall system， the precast concrete frame + prefabricated exterior wall system， the cast-in-situ concrete shear wall + PCF (semi-prefabricated)exterior wall system， the cast-in-situ concrete shear wall + PCTF (semi-prefabricated with insulation layer)exterior wall system， the precast concrete shear wall + PCTF exterior wall system， the self-supporting steel bar truss aluminum mold system， the self-supporting disassembling steel bar truss formwork system， the composite system of steel frame and wood form， etc. In the aspect of prefabricated components and node design， the functional design of prefabricated exterior wall，the optimized design of node connection in prefabricated components and the waterproof design of nodes are developed. Through the studies of efficient energysaving and structural integration of enclosure structure technologies，the building insulation can enjoy the same duration with the main body structure.

自承式可拆卸钢筋桁架模板体系
Self-supporting disassembling steel bar truss formwork system

建筑工程工业化加工制作技术

Industrialized Manufacturing Technologies of Architectural Engineering

在我国建筑工业化建造过程中，劳动密集型的生产特征并未显著改善，构件加工、配送和信息化管理等技术尚不成熟。针对上述问题，集团开展了工业化加工制作技术研究，并取得了创新性成果。建立了基于信息化技术的预制构件模数化及标准化构件制作深化设计技术体系。实现了预制构件生产成套技术，包括预制构件高精度模具体系及预埋件高精度定位技术、高性能混凝土配制技术、面砖定位保护技术、窗框保护技术等。研发了预制混凝土构件无损运输与存储技术，开发了各类预制构件专用运输工装系统，使得预制构件在运输存储过程中减少损伤70%以上。自行设计研发了预制构件柔性智能化生产线，该生产线具有模具自动划线定位、混凝土自动浇筑成型、构件自动养护、流水节拍根据构件种类可调的预制构件智能化生产控制系统，实现了预制构件的高效、节能和清洁生产。

The industrialized construction in China has not changed the labor-intensive way， and related technologies like component manufacturing， distribution and informatization management remain to be improved. Shanghai Construction Group has made research in the industrial manufacturing technologies and achieved innovative results: modularization of prefabricated components on the basis of informatization technology， deepening design technology system of standardized component making， and a complete set of prefabricated component production technologies including the high precision mold system of prefabricated component and high precision positioning technology of embedded parts， high performance concrete preparation technology， tile positioning protection technology， and window frame protection technology， etc. The no loss transport and storage technology of prefabricated concrete components and the special transportation system of various types of prefabricated components can reduce the damage caused by transportation by more than 70%; the flexible intelligent production line of prefabricated components is designed independently， which uses an intelligent production control system that has the functions of automatic mold marking， concrete automatic molding by casting ， automatic component maintenance， and water rhythm adjusted according to the type of component， thus realizing the efficient， energysaving and clean production of prefabricated components.

建筑工程工业化施工工艺与装备技术

Industrialized Construction Technologies and Equipment Technologies of Architectural Engineering

施工是实现建筑工业化建造的重要环节，建筑工业化建造的发展，对施工技术提出了更高的要求。自2007年以来，集团结合实际工程，开展了工业化施工工艺和装备技术的研发工作，取得多项创新性成果。适应PC精益建造可视化管理平台的研发与应用，实现了建造过程实时掌握构件信息、高效精准管理的目的。研发了装配整体式建筑结构标准化安装技术，制定了适用于不同结构体系的现场装配施工标准化流程，提出了多种新型装配方法，优化了拼装工艺，提高了现场施工效率。研制了预制构件高效安装机具与工艺技术，包括研发了工具式、标准化预制构件堆放工装系统、构件自适应吊装设备。开发了预制构件高精度自适应斜撑系统和高精度预制构件垂直度检测传感尺，较传统调节技术，施工效率提高50%以上。研发了建筑工业化建造新型高效安全防护技术，研制了适用于预制外墙施工的成套安全防护体系，创新设计了单元式外挂型防护架体、元式承插型防护围挡。(www.xing528.com)

预制构件自动化生产线
Automatic production line of prefabricated component

钢筋自动化加工
Automatic processing of steel bar

高精度预制构件垂直度检测传感尺
Perpendicularity testing sensor of high-precision prefabricated component

The industrialized construction puts emphasis on the construction part. Improved technologies of construction are needed with the development of industrialized construction. Since 2007， Shanghai Construction Group has been making research in the industrialized construction technology and equipment technology， and achieved many innovative results: the R ＆ D and application of the lean construction visual management platform adapted to PC which achieves the aim of real-time control of component information and efficient， accurate management during the construction; standardized installation technology for prefabricated building structures， standardization of onsite assembly construction suited for different structural systems， various new assembly methods and optimized assembly processes， which together improve the on-site construction efficiency; efficient installation equipment and technology of prefabricated components including the tool-type， standardized prefabricated component stacking tooling system， and self-adaptive hoisting equipment of components; high-precision and self-adaptive bracing system of prefabricated components and perpendicularity testing sensor of high-precision prefabricated component， which increase the construction efficiency by more than 50% when compared with the traditional adjustment technology; new efficient safety protection technology of industrialized construction， safety protection system for prefabricated exterior construction， innovative design of unit type plug-in protective frame and unit protective wall with socket type.

建筑工程工业化建造全产业链构建

Establishment of the Whole Industrial Chain of Industrialized Construction of Architectural Engineering

从2007年至今，上海建工旗下的建工房产公司、建工设计研究院、二建集团、五建集团、七建集团和建工材料公司、工程研究总院等充分发挥集开发、设计、科研、施工与构配件生产一体的总承包、总集成优势，率先进入预制装配住宅领域。由于投资与建设一体、设计与施工一体的全产业配套节点完整、深度融合、集成制造，因而遇到难题就容易得到快速解决。典型的代表工程有上海南汇康桥镇地块项目、周康航C04-01项目等。上海建工的预制装配能力已从低层建筑拓展到高层建筑，从住宅扩大到公共建筑、基础设施等诸多领域。

Since 2007， the subsidiaries of Shanghai Construction Group like SCG Real Estate， SCG Design ＆ Research Institute， Shanghai Construction No.2(Group)， Shanghai Construction No.5(Group)， Shanghai Construction No.7(Group)， Shanghai Jiangong Engineering Materials and Engineering General Institute of SCG， etc.，have taken full advantages of general integration which consists of development， design， scientific research，construction and production of components and fittings， taking the lead in the field of the prefabricated residence.The difficulties would be solved easily and quickly on account of the integration of investment and construction，the integration of design and construction， node integrity of whole industrial supporting， deep integration and integrated manufacturing. Plot projects like Kangqiao in Shanghai Nanhui and Zhou Kanghang C04-01 project are the typical representative projects. The prefabricated capacity of Shanghai Construction Group has been expanded from low-rise buildings to high-rise buildings and from residences to many fields such as public buildings and infrastructures.

近十年来，建筑工程工业化建造关键技术在上海、北京、天津、广州等地区的30多个产业化住宅项目中得到了推广应用，示范工程应用面积逾400万平方米。典型示范工程有上海万科新里程（全国首批产业化住宅项目，2007年）、浦江镇128-3地块项目（上海预制率最高建筑，预制率＞75%）、长沙国际新苑（逾百米装配式建筑）、周康航C04-01项目（首个全产业链装配式住宅）等。

In recent years， key technologies of industrialized construction of architectural engineering has been widely used in more than thirty industrialized residence projects in the areas of Shanghai， Beijing， Tianjing， Guangzhou，etc.， the application area of demonstration project reached more than 4 million m2. Typical demonstration projects include Vanke New Mileage project (the first pilot project of domestic industrialized residence in 2007)， plot project of 128-3 in Pujiang (the building in highest prefabricated rate in Shanghai， prefabricated rate is up to 75%)， Changsha International Garden (more than one hundred meters of prefabricated buildings)， Zhou KanghangC04-01 project (the first prefabricated houses with whole industrial chain)， etc.

周康航C04-01项目（上海建工首个全产业链装配式住宅）
Zhou Kanghang C04-01 Project (the first prefabricated houses with whole industrial chain)

浦江镇128-3地块项目（上海预制率最高建筑）
Plot Project of 128-3 in Pujiang (the building in highest prefabricated rate in Shanghai)

建筑工程工业化建造采用现代大工业生产来建造建筑物，运用现代技术和先进生产方式推动建筑业文明的发展。建筑工程工业化建造关键技术的研发与应用可显著提高工程建设质量和施工效率，减少劳动力投入，缩短施工工期，从而大幅度缩减工程成本，实现经济效益最大化。同时又大大节约建筑材料，减少环境污染。成果的应用将提高我国在建筑工业化建造领域的整体技术水平。并对增强行业的自主创新水平、引领传统建筑业及相关行业的产业升级、推动建筑行业由劳动密集型向知识技术集约型产业发展、改善民生、构建创新型国家、环境友好型和资源节约型社会都有着十分重要的战略意义，发展前景广阔。

Large-scale industrial production has been adopted in industrialized construction of architectural engineering to create buildings; the civilization of construction industry development can be promoted by using modern technologies and advanced production modes. The quality and efficiency of construction can be significantly improved by research and applications of key technologies of industrialized construction of architectural engineering， the labor input can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened too， so as to greatly reduce the project cost and achieve maximum economic profits. At the same time， the construction materials can be greatly saved， the pollution of environment can be decreased. The overall technology level in the field of industrialized construction of building in our country will be improved with the application of the achievements.It has very important strategic significance in enhancing the independent innovation level of industry， leading industrial upgrading of the traditional architectural industry and its related industries， promoting the development of architectural industry from labor intensive to knowledge and technology intensive， improving people’s livelihood and building innovative country as well as environment friendly and resource-saving society. The development prospect is promising.

（上海建工集团股份有限公司等单位供稿，马蕾等整理）

(Contributed by Shanghai Construction Group Co.， Ltd.， sorted by Ma Lei)