青草沙水源地工程保障市民饮用安全水

Ensuring the Supply of Clean Water for Urban Dwellers

历20年时间研究建成青草沙水源地

The Construction of Qingcaosha Reservoir Project after 20-year Research

上海用了20余年时间研究和建设青草沙水源地：

It took more than two decades to research and build Qingcaosha Reservoir Project.

●　战略研究（1987—2001）：1987年，上海市科委、市建委组织实施“长江—上海城市供水第二水源规划方案研究”，拉开了上海研究开发利用长江口饮用水水源的序幕；1990年，上海市水利工程设计研究院提出了青草沙“促淤不可行，圈水可行”的建议；1991年，华东师范大学、上海市环保局等一批专家提出“从长江江心取水，变长兴岛为水源岛”这一科学设想，市科委、市建委、市公用事业局组织上海市自来水公司、上海市原水股份有限公司等相关部门和研究机构，针对这一科学设想展开了长期战略研究；直至2001年，青草沙水源地纳入经国务院批准的《上海市城市总体规划（1999—2020）》，圆满完成了工程战略研究。

Strategic project research (1987—2001): In 1987， Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality approved the proposal on searching the second water source in Yangtze River， launching the long journey of getting drinking water from Yangtze River. Shanghai Water Conservancy Engineering Design and Research Institute proposed to retain water in Qingcaosha rather than accretion in 1990. This suggestion shed a light on how to use the water of Qingcaosha. In 1991， experts from East China Normal University and Shanghai Environmental Protection Bureau proposed the tentative idea of taking water from the heart of Yangtze River and converting the Changxing Island to water source island. Based on that idea， Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality， Shanghai Urban Construction and Communications Commission and Shanghai Department of Public Utilities coordinated long-term strategic researches by collaboration of Shanghai WaterSupply Company， Shanghai Raw Water Stock Limited Corporation and associated research institutes. In 2001， the Qingcaosha Water Source Project was officially included in “The overall urban planning of Shanghai from 1999 to 2020”， which was approved by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China.

●　工程论证（2002—2006）：2002年9月，市发展改革委、市科委、上海市中国工程院院士咨询与学术活动中心组织了《上海市水资源与可持续发展工程对策》院士（专家）咨询，标志着青草沙工程进入工程论证阶段。市水务局、上海城市建设投资开发总公司组织上海市原水股份有限公司等12家单位，历经北支盐水入侵对长江口水源地影响研究、工程预可行性研究、上海市长江口水源地评估审查等阶段；2006年1月，建设青草沙水源地原水工程被正式列入《上海市国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》，青草沙水源地工程论证顺利完成。

Project demonstration (2002—2006): A consulting meeting about“ water source and sustainable development in Shanghai” was organized in September 2002 by Shanghai Municipal Development and Reform Commission， Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality and Shanghai Center of Consulting and Academic Activities of Academicians of Chinese Academy of Engineering， marking the start of Qingcaosha Project demonstration. Shanghai Water Authority and Shanghai Municipal Investment Corporation organized interdisciplinary studies on the impact of intruded saline water via north branch of Yangtze River and project feasibility， and coordinated workshops for project assessment and evaluation. In January 2006， the Qingcaosha Water Source and Raw Water Project were officially included in“ The Guideline of Shanghai 11th Five-Year Plan of National Economy and Society Development”.

●　工程建设（2006—2011）：2006年8月，青草沙第一个项目获批立项；2007年6月，上海市人民政府宣布青草沙水源地原水工程开工建设，建设单位认真打造民生优质工程；2010年12月1日，金海水厂通水，标志着青草沙水源地原水工程开始投入运行，之后分别实现了向杨树浦、南市、居家桥、陆家嘴、临江、凌桥、闸北、长桥等水厂供水；2011年6月，上海市人民政府宣布青草沙水源地原水工程全面建成通水。

Project building (2006—2011): The first sub-project of Water Source and Raw Water Project was approved in August 2006. On June 5th， 2007， Shanghai Municipal government announced the beginning of the construction of Qingcaosha Water Source and Raw Water Project. Qingcaosha supplied raw water to Jinhai water plant on December 1st， 2010， indicating the start of project operation. Subsequently， Qingcaosha supplied raw water to Yangshupu， Nanshi， Jujiaqiao， Lujiazui， Linjiang， Lingqiao， Zhabei， Changqiao water plants. In June 2011，Shanghai Municipal government announced that Qingcaosha Water Source and Raw Water Project was completed and put into full operation.

青草沙水库及取输水泵闸工程

Qingcaosha Reservoir and Water Intaking and Delivery Pump-gateway Engineering

由青草沙库区、中央沙库区、蓄泥区、上下游引排水泵闸、输水泵闸、水质试验区和生产管理区等工程组成。库区堤线总长约48公里，水面积约66平方公里，设计有效库容4.38亿立方米，最高运行水位7.0米，最低运行水位-1.50米（吴淞高程）。饮用水水源一级保护区总面积约79平方公里，二级保护区总面积约70平方公里。

青草沙水库
Qingcaosha Reservoir

1884-蓝调
1884-the blue

Qingcaosha Reservoir with Intake/delivery Pumping Station and Sluice mainly includes Zhongyangsha reservoir area， Qingcaosha Reservoir area， mud storage area， intake/delivery pumping station and sluice， testing area for water quality， and office building. The reservoir covers a water surface area of about 66 km2， offering an effective storage of 438 million m3. The highest storage level is 7.0 m， and the lowest is -1.5 m (Calculated by Wu Song Height). The conservation district of first grade drinking water source is about 79 km2， and the second grade is about 70 km2.

2010年新系统布置图
The plan of new system in the year of 2010

长江原水输水隧道工程(www.xing528.com)

The Water Conveyance Tunnel across Yangtze River Project

起自水库输水闸井，穿越长兴岛、长江南港，止于浦东新区五号沟泵站。隧道长度13.8公里，最大内径5.84米，采用双管并行敷设，单层衬砌结构，盾构法施工、重力流输水工艺。

The Water Conveyance Tunnel across Yangtze River Project starts from the delivery sluice， passes throughChangxing Island and the south branch of Yangtze River， and ends at Wuhaogou in Pudong New District. This sub-project includes two gravity flow tunnels with single liner. Shield technique was used to construct these two 13.5 km long tunnels with the interior diameter of 5.84 m.

陆域输水管线及增压泵站工程

The Inland Delivery Pipeline and Pumping Station System Project

由四条输水支线、三座大型泵站以及黄浦江上游引水系统改造工程组成。金海支线、严桥支线、凌桥支线、南汇支线总长179公里，最大管径3.6米，采用双管并行敷设、钢顶管施工、压力流输水工艺。五号沟泵站、金海泵站、南汇北泵站的输水规模分别为708万立方米/天、128万立方米/天、88万立方米/天。利用黄浦江上游引水管渠长度45公里，严桥泵站、临江泵站的输水规模分别为440万立方米/天、220万立方米/天。

The Inland Delivery Pipeline and Pumping Station System Project include four water delivery branch lines，three pumping stations， and upgraded Huangpu River Upper Reaches Diversion system. The four branch lines including Yanqiao， Jinghai， lingqiao， Nanhui branch lines are about 179 km long in total and the maximum diameter is 3.6 m. Conduit jacking technique was used to construct these steel pipe lines. Wuhaogou， Jinhai and North Nanhui pumping station deliver 7.08 million m3/d， 1.28 million m3/d， and 880 000 m3/d water respectively.Yanqiao pumping station and Linjiang pumping station use a 45 km-long tunnel of Huangpu River Upper Reaches Diversion system and their water delivery capacity is 4.4 million m3/d and 2.2 million m3/d， respectively.

青草沙水源地原水工程的建设，是上海科技创新支撑引领重大工程、服务城市建设与管理、服务社会民生的典范。在战略研究和工程论证阶段，上海科学家和产学研团队率先提出了“长江—上海城市供水第二水源”的设想，破解了咸潮、河势、环境等重大科学难题，为工程的选址选线、环境保护、建设方案提供了科学依据；在工程建设期间，青草沙水源地建设指挥部组建了专家委员会和科技与管理创新委员会，形成了以建设公司为主体，设计、施工、监理、咨询单位以及大专院校组成的产学研团队，从机制上保证了工程建设的持续创新。经过二十余年的多学科、多专业的技术攻关和集成创新，青草沙团队取得了一系列重大技术突破，创造了数个工程世界之“最”：800米主龙口开创了河口水库合龙工艺之最，7.2公里输水隧道开创了中等直径盾构一次掘进工艺之最，708万立方米/天高的扬程泵站开创了节地节电之最，2公里大口径输水钢管开创了长距离曲线顶管施工工艺之最，水库科学实证基地开创了湖库富营养化预控技术之最。科技创新打造百年水源地，利用江心滩涂围库、利用上下游水闸换水、利用潮涨潮落引排水，将水库建成集“避咸蓄淡、避污蓄清、天然自净、潮汐蓄能”于一身，无不体现了青草沙团队的独具匠心，科技力量将继续为青草沙水库的安全运行提供强有力的技术支撑。

泵站机房
Machine room of pumping station

输水管道
Water pipe

Qingcaosha Water Source and Raw Water Project is an excellent example of using advanced technology in important infrastructural system that serves society and people. During the stage of strategic decision making and feasibility assessment， scientists and Qingcaosha team pictured the vision of making Yangtze River the second water source in Shanghai， solved a series of challenging problems associated with salty tide， river regime and environment， and provided scientific theories for site selection， environment protection and construction arrangement. During the stage of project construction， Shanghai Municipal Government sets up advisory committee， and science and technology innovation committee for the project， leading to a team led by the construction corporation and supported by design， supervision， consulting corporations and universities. Qingcaosha team accomplished many challenging tasks， such as closure works with 800 m wide closure gap， uninterrupted advancing of 7.2 km-long water conveyance tunnel by shield technique， an efficient high-lift pumping station， pipe jacking construction in a 2 km-long large steel pipe of water supply，and an experimental base for controlling eutrophication in reservoir. Technology advancements were applied to produce one-hundred-year water source， building reservoir on the alluvial plain in the heart of the river，exchanging water through upstream sluice and downstream sluice， taking advantage of tidal movements to drain and obtain water， and constructing a multiple-function reservoir that stores fresh water rather than salty water， stores clean water rather than dirty water， permits self-purification， and stores tidal energy. All these achievements are attributed to the excellent performance of Qingcaosha team and the application of advancement in science and technology.

青草沙原水质符合国家《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅱ类水质要求，供水规模逾719万立方米/天，占全市原水供应总规模的50%以上，受水水厂16座，供水范围涵盖浦东新区、杨浦区、虹口区、闸北区（已并入静安区）、黄浦区、卢湾区（已并入黄浦区）、静安区、长宁区、徐汇区等9个行政区的全部区域以及宝山区、普陀区、闵行区、青浦区、崇明县等5个行政区县的部分地区，受益人口超过1 000万人。

Water from Qingcaosha area meets the II-type water criteria. Since Qingcaosha Water Source will have a daily supply capacity of 7.19 million m3 in 2020， it will benefit a population of more than 10 million within Yangpu， Hongkou， Zhapei， Huangpu， Luwan， Jiangan， Changning， Xuhui， Pudong New Area， and part of Baoshan， Putuo， Chongming， Qingpu and Minhang District. It will be able to provide more than 50% of raw water needed in Shanghai.

青草沙水源地原水工程，是市委市政府的重大战略决策，是社会各方关注的民生工程，更是关系到城市供水安全的百年工程。工程的建成和投入运行，改写了上海饮用水主要依靠黄浦江水源的历史，从根本上改变了上海城市原水的供应格局，长江原水将源源不断地为上海城市发展提供更为安全可靠的清洁水源。

青草沙水库
Qingcaosha Reservoir

Qingcaosha Water Source and Raw Water Project is an important strategic decision of Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and Government. As a project concerning people’s well-being and safety of city water supply，it attracts intense attention from the whole society. This project will change the situation that the drinking water in Shanghai mainly came from Huangpu River that has been heavily polluted. Raw water from Yangtze River will continuously supply more safe and reliable fresh water to Shanghai.

（上海青草沙投资建设发展有限公司等单位供稿，马蕾等整理）

（Contributed by Shanghai Qingcaosha Construction Investment Development Co.， Ltd.， sorted by Ma Lei）