提高主题乐园工程建设效益的IPD/BIM协同工作模型技术

For Children’s Health and Happiness Only

大型主题乐园复杂工程建设与管理关键技术

Construction and Key Management Technologies of Complex Projects in Large-scale Theme Parks

随着上海国际旅游度假核心区主题乐园的建设，世界顶级主题乐园开始进军中国，中国主题乐园市场正在蓬勃发展。作为大型主题乐园复杂项目集群建设的典型代表，以上海迪士尼项目为核心的国际旅游度假区开发建设面临着参与单位众多、建设规模巨大、建设投资大、建设周期短、任务重、建筑造型复杂多样、沟通协调信息量大、协同管理难度大、建设成果需满足全生命周期管理的项目标准要求等众多难题。针对上述大型主题乐园复杂工程的建设难题，国内外建设与施工单位勇于开拓创新，提出了大量的新思路、新技术、新模式，成功完成建设并顺利开园运营。因此，将上述已经产生的科技创新技术成果推广和运用到今后同类项目中，将极大地促进和推动国内外相关行业的整体变革与可持续发展。

The construction of a theme park in the core area of Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone marks the world top theme parks’ entry into the burgeoning theme park market of China. As a typical example of building a large-scale theme park complex project cluster， Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone is faced with thorny issues in developing the Shanghai Disney-centered project， such as numerous participants， mega-scale construction， huge investment in the construction， short construction cycle due to tight opening schedule， heavy tasks， varied and novel complex architectural styles， massive amount of information in communication and coordination， difficulties in coordinated management and difficulty in satisfying the full life cycle management’s requirements. In face of the aforesaid issues in developing the large-scale theme park complex project， builders and developers at home and abroad have taken bold steps to innovate， generating a large stock of new ideas， technologies and models to complete and usher in the grand opening of the park. In view of this， the promotion and application of the aforesaid achievements in science and technology innovations for the projects of the same type will serve as great impetus for overall transformation of related industries at home and abroad and their sustainable development.

大型主题乐园建设BIM与无纸化技术

BIM and Non-paper Deliver Technology of Large-scale Theme Park Construction

目前我国建筑行业正处在工业化、信息化、国际化深入发展的重要时期，对项目建设管理的创新需求更加迫切。但目前工程项目建设管理仍存在着信息管理断层，管理工具和标准相对缺乏，管理效率及安全控制亟需加强，前期策划、设计、建造与运营结合不够紧密等薄弱环节。对此，运用BIM技术搭设的项目管理协同平台，可使项目建设全生命周期的信息和知识在各专业各阶段之间进行有效流转与共享，而通过综合项目交付（IPD）机制，设计、建造以及运营各方在项目前期就可以有效地沟通协调。这促进了建设项目结果最佳化及效益最大化，从而增加了业主的价值，减少了浪费。据此提出的IPD/BIM协同工作模型技术，实现了建设工程项目的无纸化审批与交付，并在上海迪士尼项目暨国际旅游度假区开发建设中取得成功应用。

As our construction industry is in the critical period of in-depth industrialization， information technology(IT-) based application， and globalization， it is becoming increasingly urgent to make innovations in the project development and management. Nevertheless， the downsides of current project development management include but not limited to the information management faults， lack of management tools and standards， management efficiency and safety control yet to be strengthened and loose relationship between the early stage planning，design， construction and operation. To solve these issues， the adoption of project management collaboration platform based on building information model (BIM) technology has achieved effective exchange and sharing of information and knowledge concerning the project full life cycle among different professions in various stages.On the other hand， the implementation of the integrated project delivery (IPD) mechanism has facilitated the parties of the design， construction and operation to effectively communicate and coordinate in the early stage of the project. BIM has coordinated with IPD to maximize the results and benefits of the construction project，thereby adding the value of the owner and reducing the waste. The proposed IPD / BIM collaborative work model technology has made non-paper delivery of the construction project possible and was successfully applied in the development and construction of the Shanghai Disney project and Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone.

种植土改良加工与容器化育苗技术

Improvement of Planting Soil Fabrication and Containerization of Seedling Cultivation Technologies

与国内传统景观建设不同，上海迪士尼项目暨国际旅游度假区开发建设对作为景观环境营造的基础要素种植土以及种植的所有苗木提出了极为苛刻的要求。其中，种植土检测涉及物理、化学、重金属、观感等6大类31个指标，而进场的每株苗木的树形、分叉、损伤程度、伤口处理等方面都需进行全数检查。这在国内传统景观建设中从未遇到，也没有任何经验可寻。通过种植土加工改良技术，形成了具有自主知识产权的种植土生产配方和生产工艺。通过容器化育苗技术，不仅缩短了育苗时间，而且使苗木具备整齐健壮不伤根、无需修剪、运输方便、造林后无缓苗期且移栽不受季节限制等众多优势。同时，以上海迪士尼项目为核心的国际旅游度假区还配套建立了道路绿化、苗木种植、土地灌溉以及种植土改良与生产的各类测评体系，保证了相关项目景观建设的顺利完成。

Unlike traditional landscape construction in China， the development of the Shanghai Disney project andShanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone has put forward extremely stringent requirements for all basic elements of landscaping， namely the planting soil and seedlings to be planted. The detection of planting soil， especially， involves 31 indicators in 6 categories covering physics， chemistry， heavy metal and perception.Moreover， a full inspection was mandatory for the shape， bifurcation， damage， wound treatment and other aspects of each seedling. This is unprecedented in the domestic traditional landscaping and thus no experience is available to draw on. We have developed the production formula and process for planting soil with the independent intellectual property rights through the improvement of the planting soil fabrication. The containerized seedling cultivation technology has not only shortened the period of nursery， but also cultivated the seedlings that grow neat and robust roots， require no pruning， facilitate transportation， set forth no rejuvenation period after planting or seasonal restrictions on transplanting， to name just a few. Furthermore， Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone with the Shanghai Disney project as its core has set up various types of supporting evaluation systems for road greening， seedlings cultivation， land irrigation and planting soil improvement and production，securing the completion of landscape development for relevant projects.

大面积场地地基真空预压技术

Vacuum Preloading Technology of Large-area Site Foundation

在软土地区为各类建设工程的开展提供大面积的场地条件，是岩土工程技术人员面临的难题。以往国内外软基处理的工程经验多集中于一般建筑物地基、条形路基、油罐地基等，而对于超大面积软基处理而言，由于荷载作用面积广、影响深度大、施工难度高等特点，增加了处理过程的复杂性和不确定性，国内外在这方面的工程经验相对不足。上海迪士尼项目建设创新性地提出了“场地形成”的概念，针对现有规范的空缺，对超大面积天然地基在不同处理方法下地基沉降计算中的压缩层厚度、沉降经验系数等计算方法和参数取值方法开展研究，给出了适用于计算超大面积天然地基沉降的计算公式及数值方法，并据此在上海地区首次应用真空预压法处理超大面积软土地基，不仅填补了上海地区在真空预压法机理研究方面的空白，推动真空预压法这种先进的地基处理方法获得广泛的应用，而且对今后超大面积深厚软土地基场地形成工程有重要的指导意义。(www.xing528.com)

It is a common arduous task for geo-technical engineering technicians to provide a large area of sites suitable for construction in the soft soil area. In the past， the engineering experience in soft foundation treatment at home and abroad focused on general building foundation， strip roadbed， oil tank foundation and so on. In case of megasize soft foundation treatment， the complexity and uncertainties of the treatment are growing due to broad area of load action， profound influence and difficulty in construction while there is no sufficient experience at home and abroad for us to refer to. The development of the Shanghai Disney project has creatively put forward the“site formation” concept under such context. In consideration of no rules and regulations to follow， the project team conducted research on calculation and parameter selection methods for the compression layer thickness and settlement experience coefficient in the calculation of foundation settlement for mega-size natural foundation under different treatment methods. It has successfully produced the calculation formula and numerical method applicable for calculating the mega-area natural foundation settlement， and applied the vacuum preloading method for the first time to treat mega-size soft foundation in Shanghai based on such formula and values. The practice has not only filled the gaps in the research on the vacuum preloading method mechanism in Shanghai to promote the widespread application of this advanced foundation treatment method， but also has significance in guiding thesite formation projects for the mega-size soft foundation in future.

主题化饰面及塑石假山造型技术

Themed Veneer Technologies and Artificial Rockery Modeling

以上海迪士尼项目为核心的国际旅游度假区装饰工程的复杂程度和技术含量远远超过传统意义上的装饰项目，对主题装饰的艺术表现力及加工质量要求十分严苛。通过采用主题化饰面抹灰工艺技术，雕刻师将以水泥为主要材料的水泥砂浆混合物通过抹、刻、勾、划、挤、压等手工雕刻手法，尽可能恰当地体现出砖、木材、瓷砖、金属、天然石或类似的饰面效果（包括厚度、纹理、接缝），从而很好地体现出项目的鲜明艺术主题。上述主题化饰面工艺技术不仅有丰富的表现力，而且具有防火、环保、耐久性好等特点。此外，运用塑石假山造型技术，通过对不同材料的雕刻塑形，来表现不同的装饰艺术效果，从而形成了逼真的塑石假山造型，并配套开发了如数字化雕刻打印技术、超平混凝土施工技术、主题抹灰机器人等代表行业内最前沿水平的核心技术。

The complexity and technical contents of the decoration project in Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone with the Shanghai Disney project as its core have gone beyond those in traditional sense，which are very stringent with the artistic expressions and processing quality of the themed decorations.By adopting themed veneer plastering technique， the sculptors take the cement as the main raw material and manually produced effects of bricks， woods， ceramic tiles， metals， natural stones or similar veneers(including thickness， texture， joint) appropriately as much as possible through engraving skills such as plastering， carving， drawing， marking， squeezing and pressing with mix of cement mortar to highlight the distinct artistic themes of the project. In addition to the strong expressive force， the foregoing themed veneer technique also boasts fire prevention， environmental protection and excellent durability. As for the artificial rockery modeling technology， the project team has produced lifelike artificial rockeries and hills and presented various decoration artistic effects with the technology to engrave and model different materials and metals. The team has also developed a batch of core technologies representing the most advanced level in the industry such as the digital sculpture and printing technology， super-flat concrete construction technology，themed plastering robot to support the decorations.

餐厨与绿化废弃物资源化利用技术

Recycling and Greening Kitchen Wastes

利用多能源自动供热系统、异形板状热管技术以及高温发酵用技术与装备，以上海迪士尼项目为核心的国际旅游度假区开展了对餐厨与绿化废弃物的资源化利用。采用太阳能、生物质能为高温生物处理工艺供热，不仅节能、环保、低碳，而且运行费用大大降低。将绿化有机垃圾通过粉碎制成生物质颗粒，作为生物质能热水炉燃料，补充太阳能供热不足时的热能，以保证高温生物处理工艺的温度。利用高温好氧生物菌群使垃圾中的成分趋于稳定化和矿物化，同时杀灭病原菌和虫卵，达到无害化处理的目的。这种将绿化有机垃圾与餐厨垃圾同时处理的技术，利用绿化垃圾作为高温生物处理时的碳氮比的调节剂，从而使生物发酵工艺条件更完善，实现以废治废的环保目的。在完成处理后，腐熟的产出物含水率小于30%，又成了改良土质、肥沃土壤的最佳农资产品。同时，上述过程中所使用的TMQ型餐厨垃圾处理机，采用了超导传热的航天技术，传热效率高，等温性好，设备传动功率低，节能效果显著。由此可见，在上述餐厨垃圾的整个处理过程中，没有臭味等二次污染，是以废治废、变废为宝的可持续发展循环经济的最佳实践。

Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone with the Shanghai Disney project as its core has achieved the recycling and utilization of the kitchen and greening wastes by applying multi-energy automatic heating system， sketch plate heat pipe technology and thermophilic fermentation technology and equipment. Firstly， solar energy and biomass energy can be used to supply heat for thermophilic biological treatment， which is not just energy-saving， environmentally friendly and low-carbon， but also saves a lot of operation costs. Secondly， the organic refuses produced by greening can be crushed into biomass particles， serving as a kind of bioenergy fuel for the water heater to supplement the heat when solar energy is insufficient and maintain the temperature for hyperthermal bio-treatment. Thirdly， the thermophilic aerobe flora is utilized to stabilize and mineralize the components in the wastes， and kill pathogenic bacteria and eggs simultaneously， achieving harmless treatment. The technology of synchronized treatment of greening organic wastes and kitchen refuses consummates the biological fermentation technology by applying the C/N ratio regulator when the greening waste is treated as thermophile，and fulfills the purpose of waste control by waste. After the treatment， moisture content of decomposed output article is less than 30%， which has become the best agricultural material product for soil improvement and fertilization. Meanwhile， the TMQ-type kitchen refuse processor used in the above process is developed with the space technology of super heat-conducting， which features high heat transfer efficiency， sound isothermal property， lowered equipment transmission power， and remarkable energy saving effect. It can be concluded that there is no odor and other secondary pollution during the whole process of kitchen refuse treatment and it is the best practice of circular economy of sustainable development that applies waste to treat waste and turns waste into wealth.

以上海迪士尼项目为核心的国际旅游度假区针对性地构建了具有自主知识产权大型主题乐园全生命周期综合集成化管理模式，提出了大型主题乐园复杂项目集群管理的综合计划体系、协调控制体系、并行管理体系，在大型主题乐园复杂项目集群建设的进度、质量、安全、文化、环境、组织、协同、流程管理等方面都取得重大突破，提高了重大建设工程科技创新活动的沟通和协调效率，更好地整合和配置有限的科技资源，实现了各类项目资源的综合优化，在降低科技成本支出的同时，提高科技创新成果产出的效率和质量。通过将绿色信息化等理念融入建设中，实现了上海国际旅游度假区项目节工、节时及节能的可持续建设。通过建筑、景观设计与互动方式设计，注重强调消费者的感受以及体验的独特性，突出了主题乐园的鲜明特色，大大提高了主题乐园类工程的建设效率和精度。BIM和无纸化审批交付技术的运用，探索并创新了行业新模式和行业规范，使得项目各项建设目标均得以成功实现。与此同时，项目开发建设中，餐厨、绿化、田间的有机垃圾得到了科学处理，其产出物能回归农田，可实现养地、保墒、增产，并保持有机垃圾产生地的环境整洁，使臭味、废水、地沟油等污染环境的状况得到根治。

Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone with the Shanghai Disney project as its core has developed a large-scale theme park full lifecycle integrated management model with independent intellectual property rights. By putting forward the comprehensive planning system， coordinated control system， parallel management system， Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone has achieved major breakthroughs in progress， quality， safety， culture， environment， organization， collaboration，process management of the large-scale theme park complex project cluster management， improved the communication and coordination efficiency of scientific and technological innovation activities for major construction projects， integrated and allocated limited scientific and technological resources in a better way， realized the comprehensive optimization of various project resources， and strengthened the efficiency and quality of scientific and technological innovation outputs while reducing the cost.The sustainable construction to save labor， time and energy has been accomplished for Shanghai International Tourism and Resorts Zone project when the concepts such as the green information application were integrated in the construction. The distinctive features of the theme park have been highlighted and the construction efficiency and accuracy of theme park project have been greatly enhanced thanks to the architectural， landscape design and interactive design and the emphasis on the feelings of consumers and uniqueness of their experiences. The application of BIM and non-paper approval and delivery technology is a bold exploration in the new industry model and industry norms，leading to the realization of each construction objective for the project. Last but not least， the organic wastes and refuses from the kitchen， greening and field have been treated in a scientific way during the project development and construction. Their outputs now can be returned to farmland to achieve soil fertility maintenance， soil moisture conservation and production increase and keep the site of organic waste production tidy， addressing the pollution issues brought by the odor， waste water， waste oil and other factors.

在国家推行“一带一路”战略的大背景下，如何借鉴国际上先进的大型复杂项目集群建设管理制度和管理经验，实现国内建筑业与国际建设管理水平成功接轨，成为整个行业亟待解决的难题。上述大型主题乐园复杂工程建设与管理关键技术，能够在规划设计、施工管理、信息沟通、工作流程等方面为建筑企业向信息化和国际化成功转型提供技术支撑和借鉴经验，具有广阔的应用前景。当前上海正处于向具有全球影响力的“国际科技创新中心”进军的重要时期，上述大型主题乐园复杂工程建设与管理关键技术的创建及其在上海迪士尼建设项目中的成功应用，不仅为今后大型主题乐园复杂工程建设项目提供了借鉴和指引，也为我国相关领域建造施工水平的提升打下了坚实的基础，更进一步为上述技术在“一带一路”沿线国家的推广运用奠定了坚实的基础，有助于促进建筑行业的可持续发展，推动建筑领域管理制度的进步与更新，并实现可持续发展的循环经济。

In the overall context of implementing the “Belt and Road” Initiative， it is an issue facing the whole industry on how to refer to the management system of and draw on the managerial experience from international advanced large-scale complex projects cluster construction and achieve that the management level of the domestic construction industry can be parallel with the international peers. The complex project construction of and key management technologies from the above-mentioned large-scale theme park can provide technical support and experience for successfully transforming construction enterprises towards ITbased application and globalization in respect of planning and design， construction management， information communication， workflow and so on， demonstrating a prospect of broad application. Since Shanghai is in the overriding period to build herself into an “International Center for Science and Technology Innovation”with global influence， the construction of the above mentioned large-scale theme park complex project，the development of the key management technologies and their successful applications in the building of Shanghai Disney not only serve as reference and guidance for ensuing large-scale theme park complexprojects in near future， but also lay a solid foundation for the improvement of construction in the related fields of China. Furthermore， the project construction has been a solid base for popularization and application of above technologies in countries along the“Belt and Road”， which will help promote the sustainable development of the construction industry， push forward the progress and update of management system in the construction field and achieve circular economy of sustainable development.

（上海申迪（集团）有限公司等单位供稿，马蕾等整理）

(Contributed by Shanghai Shendi (Group) Co.， Ltd.， sorted by Ma Lei)