世界最大单体建筑创下多项第一

The World’s Largest Single Building Achieving Multiple Champions

国家会展中心（上海）的技术特色

The Technological Characteristics of the National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai)

国家会展中心（上海）位于虹桥商务区核心区域以西的青浦区徐泾镇，总建筑面积147万平方米，是目前世界上面积最大的建筑单体和会展综合体。项目于2011年12月26日开工建设，于2014年底竣工，创造了2年半内完成亚洲最大会展综合体建设的奇迹，并成功举办了2015“上海车展”、“中国医药”、“国际家具”等展览面积超过30万平方米的大型展览会。在建设与运营中创下多项“世界第一”和“国内第一”，于2014年10月获得中国绿色建筑三星级（中国最高级）认证，2015年10月获得中国建设工程鲁班奖（中国质量最高奖），2016年又获得中国建筑最高奖—詹天佑奖。该超大体量的会展综合体应用世博科技成果，依靠技术创新，在场馆规划设计、施工建设、安全保障、智慧运行等方面突破了一系列的技术难题，为国展中心“绿色生态、安全健康、数字智慧”场馆建设与运营目标的实现提供了强有力的技术保障。

The National Exhibition and Convention Center (NECC)， is located in Xujing Town， Qingpu District， west of the core area of Shanghai Hongqiao Central Business District. The NECC is entitled to the world’s largest single building and exhibition complex with the coverage of 1.47 million m2. It took 2.5 years from December 26， 2011 to the end of 2014 to finish the largest exhibition complex in Asia. It has held large exhibitions over 300 000 m2 such as Automobile Shanghai 2015， CMEF， and Furniture China. The NECC has been a national and international record-breaker， for instance， it has been certified as the Three Star of Chinese Green Build (the highest certification in China) in October， 2014， the Luban Prize for Construction Project (the highest prize for construction quality in China) in October， 2015， Jeme Tien-yow Civil Engineering Prize (top prize for architecture in China) in 2016. The project team applied scientific and technological achievements of Expo 2010， and inspired innovation to solve the difficulties during design， construction， security， and operation， which provided technical support for the construction and operation target of being green， safe and digital.

国家会展中心
National Exhibition and Convention Center (NECC)

分布式三联供提供清洁能源

Distributed Triple Supply of Clean Energy

国家会展中心采用三联供模式供能，并网发电产生的余热用来夏季供冷、冬季供暖及生活热水供应，实现了能源的梯级利用，能源的利用效率达到了85%，并通过水蓄冷系统的“移峰填谷”有效缓解了区域用电紧张问题。供冷系统采用天然气冷热电联供系统余热制冷+水蓄冷+直燃型溴机制冷+调峰电制冷的复合能源模式，供热系统则采用天然气冷热电联供系统余热制热+调峰直燃型溴机制热+生活热水锅炉的组合模式。

The NECC adopts the distributed triple supply and waste heat power to provide energy for the summercooling， winter heating and hot water supply. It allows cascade utilization of energy， and the energy efficiency reaches 85%. To effectively alleviate the shortage of regional power， the load shifting of water storage system is applied. Cooling system includes waste heat of natural gas CCHP system for refrigeration， chilled water thermal storage， direct combustion type bromine refrigeration and composite energy model of peaking electricity refrigeration， while the heating system includes waste heat of natural gas CCHP system for heating， peaking electricity direct combustion type bromine heating， and hot water boiler.

国家会展中心是国内首个全部使用“三联供”集中供能的场馆，也是国内首个采用“分布式能源合同能源管理”方式建设和运营的场馆，为国家会展中心节省初始建设投资约3.2亿元。

The NECC initiated the distributed triple supply in China， and it was also the pioneer in adopting distributed energy contract management， which helps to save the initial investment of about 320 million RMB for the construction.

实现室内室外半导体（LED）照明的“全覆盖”

Full Coverage of Indoor and Outdoor LED Lighting

国家会展中心在国内会展场馆首次研发出“LED智能安全照明”灯具，共使用12万套LED灯具，实现室内室外LED照明的“全覆盖”，成为世界上第一个全部使用LED照明的场馆，并在34米高的世界最高展厅采用LED照明，在世界上第一次突破了这一“高度”和“照度”，而用电仅是原来金卤灯的3/4。

NECC， equipped with a total of 120 thousand sets of LED smart lighting lamps， provides full coverage of indoor and outdoor lighting for the venue for the first time worldwide. The LED lighting is also applied in the world’s highest exhibition hall (34 m)， which also sets a world record. What’s more， the power consumption of LED lighting is only 75% of metal halide.

世界最大规模的超级电容电梯集中示范

The World’s Largest Ultra-capacitor Elevator Demonstration Area

超级电容电梯代表了最新的节能电梯技术，将电梯在重负载向下、轻负载向上及减速时曳引电机所产生的电能，通过双向DC/DC储存于超级电容器组中，在下一工作循环优先使用，从而实现电梯节能。超级电容节能电梯是拥有自主知识产权的技术创新成果，不仅避免了污染电网和谐波干扰，还能节省电费，仅需3～5年即可收回成本。

As the latest energy-efficient elevator technology， the ultra-capacitor is able to first generate energy from driving motor during lift， descent and deceleration， and the energy will be stored by bi-directional DC/DC converter and then reused in the next working cycle to realize energy conservation. As a technical innovation achievement that owns proprietary intellectual property rights， the ultra-capacitor elevator can not only avoid electric network pollution and harmonic interference， but also save electric charges which only need 3 to 5 years to recover the cost.

经过权威部门检测，超级电容节能电梯在模拟工况下综合节电率为25%，最高可超过33%。国家会展中心有50台电梯采用超级电容，已成为世界规模最大的超级电容电梯集中示范区。300多台电梯均装有能量回馈系统，年节电约300万度，相当于上海3 500多户居民的年用电量。

Tested by authoritative departments， the energy saving rate of the ultra-capacitor elevator has reached 25%，and even up to 33% in simulated condition. The NECC owns 50 ultra-capacitor elevators and has become the world largest ultra-capacitor elevator demonstration area. In the future， there will be more than 300 elevators equipped with ultra capacitor energy feedback systems and the energy saved in one year could reach 3 million kW·h， which is enough to maintain the annual power consumption of 3 500 households in Shanghai.

“干净健康”的生态场馆

Visibly Clean and Healthy Ecological Venues

国家会展中心体量巨大，每年将产生大量的会展垃圾（搭建、布展和撤展垃圾）和餐厨垃圾。结合实际运营情况测算，展览日垃圾高峰期约为70吨，极端高峰达120吨，而布展日与撤展日最高垃圾产生量可达到200吨。同时，传统的搭建布展材料属于一次性材料，会产生大量的有毒有害气体，严重危害人体健康。

Due to the large coverage area， the NECC produces a huge amount of exhibition garbage (left during booth buildup， exhibition and dismantling) and kitchen waste every year. It is measured that there are about 70 tons of garbage on exhibition day， and this number could up to 120 in peak， and the garbage left during booth buildup and dismantling time can reach 200 tons. At the same time， the disposable materials used in booth will produce a large number of toxic and harmful gases.

国家会展中心在国内场馆内首次设置了餐厨垃圾管道收集系统。该系统集垃圾收集、压缩运输为一体，垃圾流密封、隐蔽，与人流完全隔离，改善了会展区域空气质量与卫生条件，实现了垃圾的无害化处理。

The NECC， for the first time in China， sets up food waste collection system which integrates garbage collection， compression and transportation as a whole. The garbage flow is sealed and hidden， and is completely isolated from people， which improves the air quality and sanitary conditions of the exhibition area and handles the garbage in a harmless way.

针对会展期间搭建布展、参展和撤展普遍存在的环保问题，国家会展中心研制了装配式展览搭建材料。通过提高装配式搭建材料组件的安装快捷性和可塑性，不仅节约了大量的人力、时间和预算成本，还可以将展览搭建材料重复使用。可重复使用的装配式搭建技术的应用推广，将改变国内会展行业的现状，引领绿色展览行业的进一步发展。

To tackle the environmental problems during the whole process of exhibition， the NECC developed prefabricated building materials. The improvements in the installation of assembly materials not only save a lot of manpower， time and budget， but also make recycling possible. The application and development of the reusableassembly technology will change the present situation of the domestic exhibition industry and lead the further development of the green exhibition industry.

“拥抱”地铁

Embracing Metro

国家会展项目“骑”在地铁徐泾东站及区间隧道之上，骑跨长度达1公里，施工必须在保证地铁不停运的前提下进行。建设者通过与地铁运营部门多次沟通，并召开多次专家讨论会，制定了桩基施工阶段先近后远、先慢后快的施工方针。采用自适应轴力补偿系统控制基坑变形，研发出恒力支撑系统确保控制地铁上部荷载，并在洋泾港桥河道回填部分使用研发的轻质高强泡沫混凝土进行荷载平衡回填，最终使地铁变形完全控制在1厘米以内，使外部施工对地铁安全运营未造成丝毫影响。

The NECC project，Embrace Metro and Coexist Harmoniously， is a construction built above the East Xujing Station and the tunnel with the spanning length of 1 km. The construction is required not to interrupt the daily operation of metros， so the builders have communicated with the metro operators and carried out expert seminars for several times. During the stage of pile foundation construction， adaptive axial compensation system has been adopted in order to control the foundation pit deformation. Research and development of constant support system is effective in controlling metro’s upper load. Also， the lightweight high-strength foam concrete has been developed and used in the Yang Jing Port Bridge’s river backfill in a load balanced way. In the end， the metro deformation was controlled within one centimeter， which brought no influence on safe operation of metros.

开发“地铁不停运改造和扩容技术”，成功解决了地铁不封站施工的世界性难题，不仅方便乘客、减少社会影响，还省去了封站后的公交接驳费用，节约成本6 000多万元。2015年“上海车展和医展”期间，该项目成功经受住日21.2万极端“大客流”的考验。近距离、大范围在运营地铁上方实施新建工程，并在地铁照常运营的情况下实施“无麻手术”，这在国内外轨道交通史上属首次。

The development of metro alteration and expansion technology under the condition of operation without interruption has successfully solved the world-class challenge of carrying out construction of metro station without service closure. It can not only facilitate passengers and reduce social impact but also cut the cost of shuttle bus operation during metro closure. The cost saved is more than 60 million RMB. During 2015 Shanghai Auto Show and Medical Exhibition， the project successfully handled 212 000 daily passenger flow. It is the first time worldwide that the new construction close to the metro in service was carried out without interrupting the daily metro operation.

创新技术确保“特种装备”等国际大展“落户上海”

The Settlement of International Large-scale Exhibitions like “Special Equipment” in Shanghai is Ensured by Innovation Technology

为满足今后引进，消化吸收，最终自办特种装备、精密仪器等重型工业展览对大面积、大跨度、超高度展厅和高地坪承载的要求，在上海为软土地基的不利条件下，创造性地采用了大桩距刚性桩复合地基处理新技术，建成24万平方米室内展厅、10万平方米室外展场，荷载为5吨/平方米的超重地坪示范区。

In order to realize the pursuit of importing， learning and drawing lessons from foreign exhibitions and finally hold the heavy industry exhibition of special equipment and precision instrument by our own， the NECC should match the following several rigid demands of exhibition place， such as large area， long span， ultrahigh exhibition room and high grade level bearing. Due to the disadvantage of Shanghai’s soft soil foundation， the NECC creatively adopts the new technique of large pile spacing rigid pile composite foundation dealing， which helps us to set up a 240 000 m2 indoor exhibition hall and 100 000 m2 outdoors exhibition hall. Both are overweight terrace demonstration plots.

每个展厅的尺寸达到了300×300米。楼面面积16万平方米、柱距27×36米的二层超大展厅的荷载要求为1.5吨。为实现准确、快速建立和精确控制预应力体系，展厅二层大跨楼盖采用预应力钢筋混凝土结构体系，并采取预应力筋分段优化，张拉端节点加腋，计算机智能张拉等技术，通过混凝土跳仓施工预留，解决了1.5吨/平方米重载楼面300米不设缝的预应力楼盖承载力和裂缝控制难题。(www.xing528.com)

Each exhibition room’s size reaches 300×300 m. The area of the second floor is 160 000 m2 and the load demand of super-size exhibition hall whose column space is 27×36 m is 1.5 ton. In the interest of realizing the precision， rapid establishment and accuracy control of pre-stressing system， the large span floor of the exhibition room’s second floor adopts the pre-stressed steel reinforced concrete structure construction with several advanced techniques， such as pre-stressing rebar subsection optimization， stretching end node haunching， intelligent stretch-draw technique and etc. Furthermore， the NECC solved the difficult problem of 1.5 t/m2 load floor 300 m non-seams pre-stressing floor bearing capacity and rip control problem through the concrete alternative bay construction reservation.

世界最大面积“无柱展厅”

The World’s Largest Column-free Exhibition Hall

最大跨度为108米的世界最大面积“无柱展厅”的超大屋面为无缝钢结构，对温度变化非常敏感。通过在屋面结构支座的设计中创新性地采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座，改善了超大屋面在温度和地震作用下的性能，有效减少了屋面结构的地震反应。同时，结合建筑立面造型，在外立面设置高强钢棒，解决了屋盖大悬挑端在台风环境下的大变形难题。屋面结构支座的创新设计，可帮助超大屋面抵挡温度变化、地震和台风影响。

The span of the world’s largest column-free exhibition hall is 108 m at its longest section. This exhibition hall’s seamless steel structured huge roof is highly sensitive to temperature variation. The lead bar-plugged rubber isolation bearing is an innovation adopted in the roof structure bearing so as to improve its performance against temperature variance and seismic force. At the same time， high tensile steel bars are used in the building facade in order to reduce the roof’s overhanging part’s deformation problem during the typhoon. The roof structure bearing technique is an innovation designed to deal with the influence of temperature change， earthquake and typhoon.

国家会展中心展厅
Exhibition room of NECC

大型商业中心“坐跨”地铁

Large Business Centers Stretching across the Subway

中部环形商业中心采用交叉网格钢结构体系，成功跨越了117米的地下地铁车站，最大限度地减少了对运行中地铁的影响，这在国内尚属首例。采用跨外吊装的工艺和可控轴力的弹性支撑技术，避免施工荷载直接作用于地铁车站和区间上方。设计采用交叉网格体系及消能减震技术，通过117米跨度的巨型筒体钢结构成功实现了地铁跨越，施工中又创造性地提出了悬臂拼装和可控轴力弹性支撑相结合的吊装工艺，满足了地铁隧道上方施工荷载可控、隧道结构变形可控的要求，最终地铁隧道上方施工荷载全部控制在2吨以内，隧道竖向变形控制在7毫米左右，满足了地铁安全运营的要求。

The central circle business center is on a cross-grid steel structure so as to minimize the impact on subway operation while enable the construction to stretch across 117 m underground subway station. The practice is the first case in China. In order to reduce the direct load on the station and the top of the space， outside hoisting technology and elastic support technology with controlled axial force are applied. The 117 m giant cylinder steel structure makes it possible for the complex to straddle over the subway successfully. The design of the hall is on a cross-grid system with energy dissipation technique. During the construction， cantilever placement and controlled axial force are creatively combined in the hoisting process. By doing so， the load on tunnel is no more than 2 tons，and the vertical deformation of the tunnel is within 7 mm or so during the construction， meeting the subway’s safety requirements.

公共安全“新概念”

“New Concept” for Public Safety

为应对超大客流，实现会展场馆运营的“零伤亡”目标，国家会展中心应用的四大新设备、新材料，已经成为城市公共安全的“新概念”。

In order to cope with the over-sized passenger flow and meeting the zero-casualty objective during the operation， four types of new equipment and materials have been applied in the NECC， which has developed as a new concept of urban public safety.

6台具有“停电不急停”安全功能的超级电容电梯，是一种全新概念的“安全电梯”。在停电的紧急状态下，电梯能够在最近层停靠、平层放人，在最恶劣情况下仍可保证运行15米以上，一般情况下还可以持续服务一段有限时间，并能维持电梯内的照明、通风和通讯，给乘客提供最大的安全感。

Six ultra-capacitor elevators， kind of “safe elevator”， won’t stop during an outage. When the power fails， the ultra-capacitor elevator can stop at the nearest floor to let the passengers out. This kind of elevator can run over 15 m in the worst situation， and even keep running continuously at the same time of maintaining illumination，ventilation and communication signal for some time so as to provide sense of security to passengers.

●　在国内会展场馆使用首次研发出的“LED智能安全照明”灯具，该灯具将智能控制芯片与LED灯具结合，即使在停电状态下也能靠自带电源自亮，有效避免发生火灾时应急电源电路被烧断而不能提供应急照明。

The “LED intelligent safety lighting” which combines intelligent control chip with LED light is firstly researched and developed in Chinese exhibition， making lights work normally while out of electricity and providing emergency lighting while emergency power circuit burned off by fire.

●　成功应用具有“保温、防火”双重功能的A级防火材料，有助于解决保温节能和防火耗能这一对矛盾。

The application of A-class fire prevention materials with both thermal insulation function and fire prevention function is helpful to solve the contradictions between heat preservation and fire insulation.

●　创新性地应用在高大空间展厅运用脉冲风机控制火灾烟气蔓延的国内首创技术，解决高大空间中的消防难题。采用63门在世界上安装位置最高、目标射程最远的“消防炮”，替换传统的消防喷淋系统，既能自动精准定位，又能射水雾化，以避免伤害人体。

As a domestically initiative technology to solve the fire problem in tall and large space， the impulse fan system is an innovation applied in tall and large exhibition halls to control the spread of fire smoke. The 63 fire monitors， which have highest installation position as well as longest target range， are installed to replace the traditional automatic fire sprinkler system. These fire monitors with accurate positioning function can avoid harmto the human body through the atomization of water spray.

数字智慧实现“大场馆”、“大客流”、“大交通”的高效有序

The High Efficiency and Orderliness of “Large Exhibition”， “Massive Passenger Flow” and “Macro Transportation” Realized through Digital Intelligence

通过现场控制网、感知物联网、移动互联网等数字智慧运营系统的集成，依靠“导航”、“导览”和“导购”等数字智慧硬件及APP软件技术，建立会展场馆的大数据分析平台，实现高效有序运营。

The big data analysis platform of the NECC is established and the efficient and orderly operation of exhibition halls is realized through the integration of field control network， IOT， mobile internet and other digital intelligent operation system and the application of digital intelligent hardware and APP software technologies.

在数字智慧场馆新技术应用方面，特别注重传统技术与“大数据、云计算”等相关新技术的结合。国家会展中心功能单元多、体量大、结构类型复杂多样，设备管线密布，将BIM（建筑信息模型）、钢结构健康监测等传统技术，在设计、施工、维保阶段与数字智慧系统有效结合，可解决建设和运营中的很多技术难题。

Great attention is paid to the combination of traditional building technologies and new IT technologies such as big data analytics and cloud computing in building an intelligent exhibition and convention center. The NECC has multiple functions， giant volume， complex building structure and pipeline systems. Through combining traditional technologies， such as BIM (building information modeling) and steel structure health monitoring，and digital intelligent systems during design， contraction and maintenance period， a lot of technical problems in building construction and operation are solved.

太阳能总装机容量可达8兆瓦、充电桩总数为600个

Total Capacity of Photo-voltaic System Reaching 8 MW and 600 Charging Piles will be Installed

上海世博会太阳能光伏建筑一体化的总装机容量达到4.7兆瓦，这为国家会展中心的光伏建筑的建设提供了经验。通过论证，国家会展中心光伏建筑一体化项目建设总规模为3兆瓦，远期还可在国家会展中心5号停车场建设总规模为6至8兆瓦的光伏建筑一体化停车场。

The total installed capacity of photo-voltaic system in Shanghai World Expo is 4.7 MW， which provides experience of building the photo-voltaic system in the NECC. Through demonstration， the capacity of photovoltaic system in the NECC is up to 3 MW. In the long term， the capacity of photo-voltaic system can reach to 6～8 MW by integrating photo-voltaic panels with parking shed in No.5 parking lot. An integrated photo-voltaics parking lot with 6～8 MW capacity can be established in No.5 parking lot of the NECC.

结合国家会展中心研制的兆瓦级太阳能超级电容储能器，设计出世界上最大电动汽车太阳能充电桩及网络系统示范：充电桩600个，系统平台1个。

With research and manufacture of megawatt-Class solar super capacitor energy storage， the NECC will install the largest number of electric car solar charging piles in the world and build a demonstration operating system， including 600 charging piles， one system platform.

作为上海建设具有全球影响力科创中心的重要载体，国家会展中心将成为科技创新成果展示、发布、交易、研讨一体化的合作平台，并推动国家产业结构调整、促进经济发展方式转变，服务经济社会又快又好发展。绿色低碳、安全健康和数字智慧等一系列成熟的技术除了能在大型场馆建设和运营中应用外，还能广泛用于土木工程的建设中。

As an important carrier of science and technology innovation center with global influence in Shanghai，the NECC will become a platform for the integration of demonstration， distribution， trading and seminar for scientific and technological innovation. It will promote the adjustment of the national industrial structure and the transformation of economic development mode and promote sound and fast development of the economic society. Besides being applied in construction and operation of the large convention and exhibition center， these technologies， including green and low-carbon technology， safety and health technology， digital intelligence technology and other mature technologies，can also be applied in other civil projects.

国家会展中心3号馆
Hall NO.3 of NECC

（上海东浩兰生国际服务贸易（集团）有限公司等单位供稿，马蕾等整理）

（Contributed by Shanghai Donghaolansheng International Trade in Services (group) co.， Ltd.， sorted by Ma Lei）