直译与意译应如何选择？

（接上一单元）

译者在直译与意译之间究竟如何取舍呢？首先要吃透中文的精神，由表及里，摆脱中文字面的束缚；其次，要从英语读者的角度出发，按照英语习惯，对句子进行重组，以符合译入语习惯的句式表达原文的意思。试比较下列平行译文。

（13）维护世界和平是大有希望的。

译一：To maintain world peace is very hopeful.

译二：There are great hopes for the maintenance of world peace.

译三：The prospect for world peace is very bright.

译四：The prospects for world peace are very encouraging indeed.

（14）新世纪即将到来之际

译一：as the new century approaches

译二：on the verge of the new century

译三：at the dawn of the new century

译四：at the threshold of the new century

译五：as the new century is just round the corner

（15）我最近常常想到你这些年对我的无私帮助

Your selfless help these years has been much in my thoughts recently.

（16）中国展示了一个负责任大国的襟怀，赢得世贸成员和国际舆论的佳评。

China has shown its largeness of mind as a great and responsible country/nation, gaining acclamations from WTO members and international public opinion.

译文使用分词短语来代替原文的并列结构。

（17）中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。

China, as the fastest growing developing country, has scored brilliant achievements in its economy and society that have attracted worldwide attention.

（18）由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件内的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。

Tibet, located on the “Roof of the World”, is still an undeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom.

根据逻辑关系，译文对原文中的两个“由于”结构做了因果并句处理。

（19）每个国家都得根据自己的传统寻找发展方案。

Each country has to look for development approaches within its own traditions.

（20）在零售和烹调行业方面，家办企业的买卖完全超过了国有企业。

In the retail and catering sectors, household operations have completely outmarketed the state-owned enterprises.

（21）巴宝莉（Burberry）5%的股份被一匿名投资者收购，这一新闻引发了大众对该英国奢侈品公司面临收购的猜测。

News that an investor had accumulated a 5% stake in Burberry prompted speculation that the British luxury-goods company may become a takeover target.

（22）英国实施对含糖饮料征税，此举让英国政府预算备受关注。

The introduction of a new tax on sugary drinks was the highlight of the British government’s budget.

（23）美国最高法院（America’s Supreme Court）同意受理三星公司（Samsung）的上诉。三星认为对其抄袭苹果iPhone专利设计的处罚不合理。

America’s Supreme Court agreed to hear Samsung’s appeal against the penalties it has incurred for copying Apple’s patented designs on the iPhone.

（24）为了阻止中国保险公司安邦（Anbang）收购喜达屋酒店（Starwood Hotels），万豪（Marriott）将其收购报价提升至136亿美元。

Marriott increased its offer for Starwood Hotels to USD13.6 billion in order to fend off a rival bid from Anbang, a Chinese insurance company.

（25）德国汉莎航空公司（Lufthansa）一架客机飞行员报告称，当他驾驶A380客机在洛杉矶降落时，一架无人机在距离其不到61米的地方飞行。

The pilot of a Lufthansa passenger jet reported that a drone had come within 61 metres(200 feet) of his A380 on its landing approach to Los Angeles.

（26）旧金山成为美国首个立法要求企业提供全薪产假的城市。在加州，新生儿父母可以享有六周的带薪产假，但企业只支付雇员55%的薪水。如今旧金山的各大企业必须支付休产假雇员的全额工资。

San Francisco became the first place in America to compel businesses to provide full pay for new parents who take leave.California provides new mothers and fathers with 55% of their pay for six weeks after the birth of a child, but firms in San Francisco will now be told to top up the remainder.

从根本上来说，直译和意译并非水火不相容，只不过译者应审时度势，该直译便直译，该意译则意译。总之，译者需要提高综合素质，不仅包括语言素养，还应具备一定的文化知识。

A.翻译下列句子，注意直译与意译。

1.双方认为应该把中美关系放在世界范围内来看，应该着眼于未来，着眼于新世纪。

2.从前，中国人喜欢大家庭，很多人生活在一起，有的家庭四世同堂——四代人住在一起。现在情况不同了，封建式的大家庭解体了，以小家庭为主。

3.在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。

4.该项目具有技术起点高、经济效益好、市场潜力大、发展后劲足等特点，能够使投资者获得可观的经济效益。

B.评析下列译文，并说出理由。

1.五谷香稣片配以麻辣、五香、奶油、巧克力、芝麻、咖喱、海鲜等各种调料，方便即食，营养丰富，老少皆宜。（山东德州颜陵食品厂）

Crisp Cereal Chip is adopted with condiment as if hot pepper, spices, cream, chocolate,sesame, curry, seafood so on and so forth, it is nutritious and tasty to every one, convenient to eat at once, ideal for children and the old.

2.

我们诚意为您奉上

欢迎搭乘国泰港龙航班

很荣幸能带领我们的优秀团队，为阁下提供难忘的用餐体验。

写意翱翔始于优质的膳食，因此我们慎选本地环保食材，

不时更新菜单，加入时令新鲜菜果，更备有轻食及健康膳食以供选择。

为增添旅客的味觉享受，我们特意献上一系列特选佳酿及饮料，

让阁下的空中用餐体验更显惬意。

谨祝阁下旅路愉快，翱翔写意！

From our culinary team

Welcome aboard this Cathy Dragon flight

I am proud to lead a team dedicated to providing you

with a memorable dining experience

We know that travelling well starts with fine food and the best

ingredients .That’s why we offer locally sourced and sustainable

produce when creating our dishes.

Our menus are ever changing, taking the opportunities to incorporate

Fresh vegetables and fruits which are in season whilst also offering(www.xing528.com)

lighter and healthy dining options.

We always offer plenty to delight your taste buds and I invite you

to experience our selection of quality wines and beverages to

complement your meal today.

Enjoy your journey with us

Kim Chong

Catering Inflight and Lounge Manager

(注：该双语文本来自国泰航空商务舱，原文为繁体汉字，为便于阅读改为简体；排版格式不变。)

在中国热火朝天的经济建设中，比起上海这个全国商业中心的房价，有些地方简直是有过之而无不及。高楼以迅雷不及掩耳之势拔地而起。一幢豪华住宅区里的业主声称，开发商为使水泥更快凝结以加快施工速度而加入的化学剂让他们感到不适。有报道称，一位台湾人付清了10套滨江公寓的首付款——每套价值200万元（约24万美元）——而却在几天后被告知，有7位卖家在几天后想要提高价格。因卖主违约而被告上法庭的案件不断增加。有消息说，来自外国投资者的需求占了全市总需求的一半。此外，这些投资者正在人民币的升值问题上赌一把。

2000年到2015年，城市平均房价涨了将近两倍，2016年，城市中心地带的平均房价上升了28%。瑞银集团（UBS）指出，相对于城镇居民收入，上海现阶段的房价和中国在1994—1995年经济泡沫时期一样昂贵，而且与中国其他大城市相比，上海的房价也贵得多。世邦魏理仕（CB Richard Ellis，物业服务公司）将上海的浦东和浦西两个区的写字楼列入全球最昂贵的50个写字楼之列。

In China’s hot economy, few sectors seem hotter than property in Shanghai, the country’s commercial centre.Stories abound about the frenzy.Residents in one swanky new compound claim that chemicals added to help cement set quicker and let developers build faster are making them sick.A Taiwanese man is reported to have made down payments on ten apartments on the Bund waterfront valued at 2m yuan ($240,000) each, only to be told a few days later that seven sellers wanted more money.Lawsuits against sellers for breach of contract are surging.Speculative demand from foreigners, reckon some, accounts for half the deals in the city.Partly, these investors are betting on a revaluation of the yuan.

Average prices in the city’s residential market nearly tripled between 2000 and 2015.In 2016, they jumped by 28% in the city centre.Relative to urban incomes, residential property in Shanghai is now as expensive as it was during China’s 1994-1995 economic bubble and is much less affordable than in other big Chinese cities, reckons UBS, a bank.CB Richard Ellis,a property-services firm, ranks two Shanghai districts, Pudong and Puxi, among the 50 most expensive office markets in the world.

汉译英热点词汇（二）

股本金 equity capital

关税壁垒 customs barrier; tariff wall

国际惯例 international common practice

国家质量技术监督局 the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision

国库券 treasury bonds

国民经济支柱产业 pillar industries in national economy

国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond

宏观调控 macro-control

汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation

货币化 monetization

货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation

货到付款 cash on delivery

绩优股 blue chip

激烈竞争 cut-throat competition

技术产权交易所 technology property right exchange

家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system

假日经济 holiday economy

讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating

解困基金 anti-poverty funds

结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

金融电子化 computerize financial services

进出口商会 chamber of import and export trade

进口渗透 import penetration

经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account; surplus of current account

经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业 modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system

精简机构 streamline government organs

开放式基金 open-ended fund

科教兴国 rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation

可持续发展 sustainable development

空头支票 accommodation note; lip service

控股公司 holding company

跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development

亏损企业 enterprises running in the red

垃圾债券 junk bond

拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

来料加工 process materials supplied by clients, accept customers’ materials for processing

劳动合同制 labor contract system

利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery

立体农业 three-dimensional agriculture

联合兼并 conglomeration and merger of enterprises

猎头公司 head-hunting company

年同比 year-on-year; on an annual basis

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labour

泡沫经济 bubble economy

配股 allotment of shares

疲软股票 soft stock

皮包公司 bogus company

贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor

企业孵化器 enterprise incubator

企业文化 corporate culture

区位商业 location-based commerce